scholarly journals Recurrent Geodesics on Any Closed Orientable Surface of Genus One

1932 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 712-713
Author(s):  
G. A. Hedlund
Keyword(s):  
Orientable Surface ◽  
Closed Orientable Surface ◽  
Genus One

scholarly journals ISOTOPY AND HOMEOMORPHISM OF CLOSED SURFACE BRAIDS

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
MARK GRANT ◽  
AGATA SIENICKA
Keyword(s):  
Braid Group ◽  
Class Group ◽  
Closed Surface ◽  
Orientable Surface ◽  
Mapping Class ◽  
Closed Orientable Surface ◽  
Outer Action ◽  
Positive Genus ◽  
Closed Sphere ◽  
Group Modulo

Abstract The closure of a braid in a closed orientable surface Ʃ is a link in Ʃ × S1. We classify such closed surface braids up to isotopy and homeomorphism (with a small indeterminacy for isotopy of closed sphere braids), algebraically in terms of the surface braid group. We find that in positive genus, braids close to isotopic links if and only if they are conjugate, and close to homeomorphic links if and only if they are in the same orbit of the outer action of the mapping class group on the surface braid group modulo its centre.

scholarly journals Ranks of mapping tori via the curve complex

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (748) ◽  
pp. 153-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Biringer ◽  
Juan Souto
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Group ◽  
Orientable Surface ◽  
Curve Complex ◽  
Mapping Torus ◽  
Closed Orientable Surface ◽  
Mapping Tori

Abstract We show that if ϕ is a homeomorphism of a closed, orientable surface of genus g, and ϕ has large translation distance in the curve complex, then the fundamental group of the mapping torus {M_{\phi}} has rank {2g+1} .

scholarly journals Local disorder, topological ground state degeneracy and entanglement entropy, and discrete anyons

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (06) ◽  
pp. 1750018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Bachmann
Keyword(s):  
Ground State ◽  
Entanglement Entropy ◽  
Orientable Surface ◽  
Cell Complex ◽  
Local Order ◽  
Topological Order ◽  
Cohomology Groups ◽  
Closed Orientable Surface ◽  
Ground State Degeneracy ◽  
Comprehensive Study

In this comprehensive study of Kitaev’s abelian models defined on a graph embedded on a closed orientable surface, we provide complete proofs of the topological ground state degeneracy, the absence of local order parameters, compute the entanglement entropy exactly and characterize the elementary anyonic excitations. The homology and cohomology groups of the cell complex play a central role and allow for a rigorous understanding of the relations between the above characterizations of topological order.

UNKNOTTING ORIENTABLE SURFACES IN THE 4-SPHERE

1995 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 213-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
JONATHAN A. HILLMAN ◽  
AKIO KAWAUCHI
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Group ◽  
Orientable Surface ◽  
Closed Orientable Surface ◽  
Flat Embedding ◽  
Orientable Surfaces

We show that a topologically locally flat embedding of a closed orientable surface in the 4-sphere is isotopic to one whose image lies in the equatorial 3-sphere if and only if its exterior has an infinite cyclic fundamental group.

scholarly journals Bi-invariant metrics and quasi-morphisms on groups of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms of surfaces

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (09) ◽  
pp. 1550066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Brandenbursky
Keyword(s):  
Braid Group ◽  
Infinite Family ◽  
Orientable Surface ◽  
Hyperbolic Surface ◽  
Invariant Metrics ◽  
Closed Orientable Surface ◽  
Infinite Dimensional ◽  
Hamiltonian Diffeomorphisms ◽  
Injective Homomorphisms ◽  
Area Preserving

Let Σg be a closed orientable surface of genus g and let Diff 0(Σg, area ) be the identity component of the group of area-preserving diffeomorphisms of Σg. In this paper, we present the extension of Gambaudo–Ghys construction to the case of a closed hyperbolic surface Σg, i.e. we show that every nontrivial homogeneous quasi-morphism on the braid group on n strings of Σg defines a nontrivial homogeneous quasi-morphism on the group Diff 0(Σg, area ). As a consequence we give another proof of the fact that the space of homogeneous quasi-morphisms on Diff 0(Σg, area ) is infinite-dimensional. Let Ham (Σg) be the group of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms of Σg. As an application of the above construction we construct two injective homomorphisms Zm → Ham (Σg), which are bi-Lipschitz with respect to the word metric on Zm and the autonomous and fragmentation metrics on Ham (Σg). In addition, we construct a new infinite family of Calabi quasi-morphisms on Ham (Σg).

scholarly journals Classification of periodic transformations of an orientable surface of genus two

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-158
Author(s):  
Denis A. Baranov ◽  
Olga V. Pochinka
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Orientable Surface ◽  
Topological Conjugacy ◽  
Modular Surface ◽  
Periodic Surface ◽  
Genus 2 ◽  
Genus Two ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Genus One

Abstract. In this paper, we find all admissible topological conjugacy classes of periodic transformations of a two-dimensional surface of genus two. It is proved that there are exactly seventeen pairwise topologically non-conjugate orientation-preserving periodic pretzel transformations. The implementation of all classes by lifting the full characteristics of mappings from a modular surface to a surface of genus two is also presented. The classification results are based on Nielsen’s theory of periodic surface transformations, according to which the topological conjugacy class of any such homeomorphism is completely determined by its characteristic. The complete characteristic carries information about the genus of the modular surface, the ramified bearing surface, the periods of the ramification points and the turns around them. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the admissibility of the complete characteristic are described by Nielsen and for any surface they give a finite number of admissible collections. For surfaces of a small genus, one can compile a complete list of admissible characteristics, which was done by the authors of the work for a surface of genus 2.

scholarly journals Singular pleated surfaces and CP1–structures

1995 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ser Peow Tan
Keyword(s):  
Teichmüller Space ◽  
Universal Cover ◽  
Orientable Surface ◽  
Teichmuller Space ◽  
Closed Curves ◽  
Distinguished Point ◽  
Totally Geodesic ◽  
Closed Orientable Surface ◽  
Hyperbolic Structures ◽  
Usual Interpretation

Let Fg be a closed orientable surface of genus g > 1 and let be the Teichmuller space of Fg, i.e., the space of marked hyperbolic structures on Fg We shall also denote by the space of marked hyperbolic structures on Fgwith one distinguished point; by this, we mean a distinguished point on the universal cover gof Fg. This space is isomorphic to the space of marked complete hyperbolic structures on a genus g surface with 1 cusp which is the usual interpretation of . Choose a decomposition of Fginto pairs of pants by a collection of non–intersecting, totally geodesic simple closed curves. The Fenchel–Nielsen coordinates for relative to this decomposition are given by the lengths of the curves as well as twist parameters defined on each curve. Varying the length and twist parameters gives deformations of the marked hyperbolic structures.

ON FRAMED LINK PRESENTATIONS OF SURFACE BUNDLES

1998 ◽  
Vol 07 (08) ◽  
pp. 1087-1092
Author(s):  
KAZUHIRO ICHIHARA
Keyword(s):  
Orientable Surface ◽  
Closed Orientable Surface ◽  
Surface Bundles ◽  
Fibered Link ◽  
Surface Bundle ◽  
Framed Link

In this paper, we show that every closed orientable surface bundle over the circle is represented by a fibered link in the 3-sphere with framings induced by the fibration of the complement.

scholarly journals The Extremal Number of Surfaces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Kupavskii ◽  
Alexandr Polyanskii ◽  
István Tomon ◽  
Dmitriy Zakharov
Keyword(s):  
Orientable Surface ◽  
Constant Factor ◽  
Uniform Hypergraph ◽  
Closed Orientable Surface

Abstract In 1973, Brown, Erdős and Sós proved that if $\mathcal{H}$ is a 3-uniform hypergraph on $n$ vertices which contains no triangulation of the sphere, then $\mathcal{H}$ has $O(n^{5/2})$ edges, and this bound is the best possible up to a constant factor. Resolving a conjecture of Linial, also reiterated by Keevash, Long, Narayanan and Scott, we show that the same result holds for triangulations of the torus. Furthermore, we extend our result to every closed orientable surface $\mathcal{S}$.

scholarly journals Cantor Type Basic Sets of Surface $A$-endomorphisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-345
Author(s):  
V. Z. Grines ◽  
◽  
E. V. Zhuzhoma ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Closed Surface ◽  
Orientable Surface ◽  
Dimensional Sphere ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Torus ◽  
Closed Orientable Surface ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Basic Set ◽  
Basic Sets ◽  
Nonwandering Set

The paper is devoted to an investigation of the genus of an orientable closed surface $M^{2}$ which admits $A$-endomorphisms whose nonwandering set contains a one-dimensional strictly invariant contracting repeller $\Lambda_{r}$ with a uniquely defined unstable bundle and with an admissible boundary of finite type. First, we prove that, if $M^{2}$ is a torus or a sphere, then $M^{2}$ admits such an endomorphism. We also show that, if $\Omega$ is a basic set with a uniquely defined unstable bundle of the endomorphism $f\colon M^{2}\to M^{2}$ of a closed orientable surface $M^{2}$ and $f$ is not a diffeomorphism, then $\Omega$ cannot be a Cantor type expanding attractor. At last, we prove that, if $f\colon M^{2}\to M^{2}$ is an $A$-endomorphism whose nonwandering set consists of a finite number of isolated periodic sink orbits and a one-dimensional strictly invariant contracting repeller of Cantor type $\Omega_{r}$ with a uniquely defined unstable bundle and such that the lamination consisting of stable manifolds of $\Omega_{r}$ is regular, then $M^{2}$ is a two-dimensional torus $\mathbb{T}^{2}$ or a two-dimensional sphere $\mathbb{S}^{2}$.

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