scholarly journals How does transcranial alternating current stimulation entrain single-neuron activity in the primate brain?

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (45) ◽  
pp. 22438-22439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Khatoun ◽  
Boateng Asamoah ◽  
Myles Mc Laughlin
Keyword(s):  
Single Neuron ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Neuron Activity ◽  
Primate Brain ◽  
Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation ◽  
Single Neuron Activity

scholarly journals Entraining neurons via noninvasive electric stimulation improves cognition

PLoS Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. e3000931
Author(s):  
Mircea van der Plas ◽  
Simon Hanslmayr
Keyword(s):  
Single Neuron ◽  
Current Issue ◽  
Neuron Activity ◽  
Causal Relevance ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Reading Abilities ◽  
Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Single Neuron Activity ◽  
Issue Report

Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) is a method that injects rhythmic currents into the human brain via electrodes attached to the scalp of a participant. This technique allows researchers to control naturally occurring brain rhythms and study their causal relevance for cognition. Recent findings, however, cast doubts on the effectiveness of tACS to stimulate the brain and its mode of action. Two new studies by Vieira and colleagues and Marchesotti and colleagues reported in the current issue report promising new results in showing that tACS can entrain single neuron activity and improve reading abilities in dyslexic individuals.

scholarly journals tACS competes with ongoing oscillations for control of spike-timing in the primate brain.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Ryan Krause ◽  
Pedro Gabrielle Vieira ◽  
Jean-Philippe Thivierge ◽  
Christopher C Pack
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Spike Timing ◽  
Neuron Activity ◽  
Primate Brain ◽  
Oscillating Systems ◽  
Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation ◽  
Specific Stimulation ◽  
Low Amplitude ◽  
Single Neuron Activity ◽  
Spiking Activity

Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a promising but controversial method for modulating neural activity noninvasively. Much of the controversy revolves around the question of whether tACS can generate electric fields that are strong enough to entrain neuronal spiking activity. Here we show that what matters is not the electric field strength per se, but rather the strength of the stimulation relative to ongoing oscillatory entrainment. We recorded from single neurons in the cortex and subcortex of behaving non-human primates, while applying tACS at different frequencies and amplitudes. When neuronal activity was weakly locked to ongoing oscillations, tACS readily entrained single-neuron activity to specific stimulation phases. In contrast, neurons that were strongly locked to ongoing oscillations usually exhibited decreased entrainment during low-amplitude tACS. As this reduced entrainment is a property of many oscillating systems, attempts to impose an external rhythm on spiking activity may often yield precisely the opposite effect.

AV3V neurons that send axons to hypothalamic nuclei respond to the systemic injection of IL-1beta

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (2) ◽  
pp. R532-R540 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ota ◽  
T. Katafuchi ◽  
A. Takaki ◽  
T. Hori
Keyword(s):  
Single Neuron ◽  
Sodium Salicylate ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Neuron Activity ◽  
Systemic Injection ◽  
Local Synthesis ◽  
Hypothalamic Nuclei ◽  
Alpha Chloralose ◽  
Single Neuron Activity ◽  
Stimulation Of

The single neuron activity in the anteroventral region of the third ventricle (AV3V) was extracellularly recorded in urethan and alpha-chloralose anesthetized rats. Electrical stimulation of the medial preoptic area (mPOA) and the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) revealed a reciprocal neural connection between the AV3V and these hypothalamic nuclei with an ipsilateral preponderance. All the AV3V neurons, which were antidromically activated by the stimulation of the mPOA or the PVN, altered their activity after the systemic injection of interleukin (IL)-1beta. On the other hand, only about 60% of the AV3V neurons that showed orthodromic responses were affected by IL-1beta. In seven of nine AV3V neurons that were electrophysiologically identified to send their axons to the mPOA or the PVN, the recombinant human IL-1beta-induced excitation and inhibition were attenuated by a local application of sodium salicylate through multibarreled micropipettes. These results suggest that the AV3V neurons alter their activity in response to the blood-borne IL-1beta, at least in part, through a local synthesis of prostanoids and then send the information to the mPOA and PVN.

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