scholarly journals National polarization and international agreements

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (50) ◽  
pp. e2102145118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Perrings ◽  
Michael Hechter ◽  
Robert Mamada
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Complex Adaptive System ◽  
International Environmental Agreements ◽  
Environmental Agreements ◽  
Party Positions ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
Secular Decline ◽  
The Impact

The network of international environmental agreements (IEAs) has been characterized as a complex adaptive system (CAS) in which the uncoordinated responses of nation states to changes in the conditions addressed by particular agreements may generate seemingly coordinated patterns of behavior at the level of the system. Unfortunately, since the rules governing national responses are ill understood, it is not currently possible to implement a CAS approach. Polarization of both political parties and the electorate has been implicated in a secular decline in national commitment to some IEAs, but the causal mechanisms are not clear. In this paper, we explore the impact of polarization on the rules underpinning national responses. We identify the degree to which responsibility for national decisions is shared across political parties and calculate the electoral cost of party positions as national obligations under an agreement change. We find that polarization typically affects the degree but not the direction of national responses. Whether national commitment to IEAs strengthens or weakens as national obligations increase depends more on the change in national obligations than on polarization per se. Where the rules governing national responses are conditioned by the current political environment, so are the dynamic consequences both for the agreement itself and for the network to which it belongs. Any CAS analysis requires an understanding of such conditioning effects on the rules governing national responses.

scholarly journals Towards the integrated assessment of New Zealand pastoral farm systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
M.B. Dodd ◽  
D.R. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Integrated Assessment ◽  
Complex Adaptive System ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Resource Owner ◽  
Farm Systems ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Land Use And Management ◽  
Farm System ◽  
The Impact

Land use and management change is a feature of New Zealand farm systems, driven by a range of factors including volatile markets and exchange rates, variable weather and climate patterns, continuous policy evolution and the inherent innovation of New Zealand farmers. Yet the common indicators used to evaluate the impact of change appear to be limited to the link between productivity (of land/labour/capital) and profitability. However, if farm system "owners" seek truly sustainable systems they should consider a wider set of indicators to guide investment. Sustainability is considered in terms of the ability of the pastoral farm system to fulfil its primary purpose in the long-term, i.e. "to derive value from the natural capital of a land and water resource that is sufficient to support the objectives of the resource owner" and fulfil secondary objectives considered important by other stakeholders (e.g., product and environmental quality). The objective of this study was to develop an integrated assessment framework for sustainability indicators that was useful for guiding change decisions at the farm system scale, a key determinant of regional economic, environmental and social outcomes. The approach is based on the fundamental properties of a complex adaptive system: existence, effectiveness, freedom of action, security, adaptability and coexistence, applied to six key system drivers (financial, environmental, social, cultural, technological and regulatory). This framework could support decision-making in terms of the investment of human, natural and financial capital at the farm system scale and contribute to larger scale information imperatives (e.g., value chains, catchments). Keywords: integrated assessment, pastoral farm systems, sustainability, systems properties

Implementation of International Environmental Law

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Ivanova ◽  
Natalia Escobar-Pemberthy ◽  
Anna Dubrova ◽  
Candace Famiglietti
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Law ◽  
International Environmental Agreements ◽  
Environmental Agreements ◽  
International Environmental Law ◽  
Multilateral Environmental Agreements ◽  
National Characteristics ◽  
University Of Massachusetts ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Technical Measures

International environmental law is a key governance instrument for the protection of the environment. Countries take on a range of obligations when they join multilateral environmental agreements. This chapter presents a comparative assessment of the implementation of international environmental law in 13 countries for four agreements dealing with pollution and conservation. It offers an empirical assessment based on the Environmental Conventions Index (ECI) developed at the Center for Governance and Sustainability at the University of Massachusetts, Boston, and compares performance across four key categories: regulation, management, information, and technical measures. The analysis establishes a baseline for assessing the implementation of international environmental law and explaining the impact of national characteristics, policies, and actions on the fulfillment and effectiveness of international environmental agreements.

Advancing the understanding of pharmaceutical supply chain resilience using complex adaptive system (CAS) theory

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Vann Yaroson ◽  
Liz Breen ◽  
Jiachen Hou ◽  
Julie Sowter
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Adaptive System ◽  
Complex Adaptive System ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chain ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study was to advance the knowledge of pharmaceutical supply chain (PSC) resilience using complex adaptive system theory (CAS). Design/methodology/approach An exploratory research design, which adopted a qualitative approach was used to achieve the study’s research objective. Qualitative data were gathered through 23 semi-structured interviews with key supply chain actors across the PSC in the UK. Findings The findings demonstrate that CAS, as a theory, provides a systemic approach to understanding PSC resilience by taking into consideration the various elements (environment, PSC characteristics, vulnerabilities and resilience strategies) that make up the entire system. It also provides explanations for key findings, such as the impact of power, conflict and complexity in the PSC, which are influenced by the interactions between supply chain actors and as such increase its susceptibility to the negative impact of disruption. Furthermore, the antecedents for building resilience strategies were the outcome of the decision-making process referred to as co-evolution from a CAS perspective. Originality/value Based on the data collected, the study was able to reflect on the relationships, interactions and interfaces between actors in the PSC using the CAS theory, which supports the proposition that resilience strategies can be adopted by supply chain actors to enhance this service supply chain. This is a novel empirical study of resilience across multiple levels of the PSC and as such adds valuable new knowledge about the phenomenon and the use of CAS theory as a vehicle for exploration and knowledge construction in other supply chains.

Research on the Complex Adaptive Model of Learning Organizational Change

2011 ◽  
Vol 460-461 ◽  
pp. 261-267
Author(s):  
Ying Peng ◽  
Jin Ling Hou ◽  
Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Change ◽  
Learning Organization ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Adaptive System ◽  
Complex Adaptive System ◽  
Adaptive Model ◽  
Constant Change ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Organizational Mode ◽  
The Impact

Since the 90s of last century, learning organization as a new organizational mode is highly prized by the management scholars all over the world. It is considered as a new trend and an ideal mode of the global organizational management in the knowledge economy era. In consideration of learning organizations with attributes of complex system, the theory of complex adaptive system provides a possible route on methodology for the study of its organizational change. This paper starts from the view of complex adaptive system theory, analyzes the initiative, adaptability of the learning organization and its interaction with the environment. It assumes that with the constant change of the performance parameters, functions and attributes of the organization, the entire organization mode and the structure will also change. Furthermore by constructing a complex adaptive model of learning organization, this paper elaborates the organizational change process, and extracts the information communication, organizational mood, leadership style and organizational knowledge as the impact indicators. The conclusion of this research has some significance as reference for those who try to improve the level of the adaptability of organizations in the various changing environment.

scholarly journals Complex Adaptive Schools: Educational Leadership and School Change

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad Kershner ◽  
Patrick J McQuillan
Keyword(s):  
School Leadership ◽  
School Change ◽  
Complex Adaptive System ◽  
Adaptive Change ◽  
Relational Trust ◽  
Interdependent Network ◽  
The Status ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Compare And Contrast

This paper utilizes the theoretical framework of complexity theory to compare and contrast leadership and educational change in two urban schools. Drawing on the notion of a complex adaptive system—an interdependent network of interacting elements that learns and evolves in adapting to an ever-shifting context—our case studies seek to reveal the complexities, tensions, characteristics, and related implications for school leadership derived from using this heuristic to understand adaptive change. In particular, we highlight the need to disrupt the status quo as a precursor to adaptive change, the power generated by distributing authority through decentralized networks, the importance of relational trust, and the impact of school culture.

Complex Adaptive Organization Change: An Empirical Study on Chinese Telecom Enterprise

2010 ◽  
Vol 108-111 ◽  
pp. 1458-1464
Author(s):  
Ying Peng ◽  
Zhao Yang ◽  
Jin Ling Hou ◽  
Jian Rong Xu ◽  
Shan Tang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning Organization ◽  
Complex Adaptive System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Structure Relationship ◽  
Relationship Network ◽  
Structure Knowledge ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, with the telecom competitive landscape changing and the communications technology developing, China's telecom market has shifted from the seller's to the buyer's. Moreover, the arrival of 3G is injecting vitality to China's information services. Series of industrial policies have triggered structure optimization and reorganization, but also made the Chinese telecom companies face the changing situation more various than ever. How to “victory in changing” becomes an urgent problem of decision-makers to explore and solve. As a new organizational mode, learning organization is considered as new trends for enterprise organization and management methods and ideal management mode in Era of knowledge economy. This paper based on level response theory of complex adaptive system, discusses the impact to the change led by “organizational knowledge”, expands “structure-relationship” to the “structure-knowledge-relationship” network theory , then proposes a hypothesis about three-dimensional constitute of organizational changes and builds adaptability evolution model for learning organization under the action in complex environment. Also we give a empirical research to statistically analyze questionnaires from different telecom companies and confirm the hypothesis according to the previous analysis. Finally, the strategies to improve the adaptability of telecom operators are put forward in order to maintain continuing power for development. The conclusion of this research has some significance as reference for those who try to improve the level of the adaptability of business organizations in the various changing environment.

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