scholarly journals Detection of "deleted" mitochondrial genomes in cytochrome-c oxidase-deficient muscle fibers of a patient with Kearns-Sayre syndrome.

1989 ◽  
Vol 86 (23) ◽  
pp. 9509-9513 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mita ◽  
B. Schmidt ◽  
E. A. Schon ◽  
S. DiMauro ◽  
E. Bonilla
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Kearns Sayre Syndrome

scholarly journals Insights into the phylogenetic relationship and drug targets of Babesia infective to small ruminants from its mitochondrial genomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxing Wang ◽  
Jinming Wang ◽  
Junlong Liu ◽  
Aihong Liu ◽  
Xin He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Flip Flop ◽  
Apicomplexan Parasites

Abstract Background: Babesiosis, a tick-borne disease caused by protozoa of the genus Babesia, is widespread in subtropical and tropical countries. Mitochondrion is an essential organelle that is responsible for energy transduction and metabolism, calcium homeostasis and cell signaling. Mitochondrial genomes could provide a new insight to comprehend and investigate the biological features, genetic evolution and classification of the causative agent. Nevertheless, there are limited data on the mitochondrial genomes of ovine Babesia spp. in China.Methods: Herein, we sequenced, assembled and annotated the mitochondrial genomes of six ovine Babesia isolates, and analyzed genome size, gene content, genome structure and cytochrome b (cob) amino acid sequences, and performed comparative mitochondrial genomics and phylogenomic analyses among apicomplexan parasites.Results: The mitochondrial genomes range from 5767 to 5946 bp in length with a linear form and contain three protein-encoding genes, cytochrome c oxidase I (cox1), cytochrome c oxidase III (cox3) and cob, six large subunit rRNA gene (LSU), and two terminal inverted repeats (TIR) on both ends. The cob gene sequence analysis indicated that the binding site of anti-Babesia drugs targeted on the cytochrome bc1 complex. Babesia microti and Babesia rodhaini have a dual flip-flop inversion of 184-1082 bp, whereas other Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. have one pair of TIR, 25-1563 bp. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that six ovine Babesia isolates were divided into two clades, Babesia sp. and Babesia motasi. B. motasi isolates were further separated into two small clades (B. motasi Hebei/Ningxian and B. motasi Tianzhu/Lintan). Conclusions: The data provided new insights into the taxonomic relationships and drug targets of apicomplexan parasites.

scholarly journals Insights into the phylogenetic relationship and drug targets of Babesia infective to small ruminants from its mitochondrial genomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxing Wang ◽  
Jinming Wang ◽  
Junlong Liu ◽  
Aihong Liu ◽  
Xin He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Flip Flop ◽  
Apicomplexan Parasites

Abstract Background: Babesiosis, a tick-borne disease caused by protozoans of the genus Babesia, is widespread in subtropical and tropical countries. Mitochondrion is an essential organelle that is responsible for energy transduction and metabolism, calcium homeostasis and cell signaling. Mitochondrial genomes could provide a new insight to understand and explore the population genetics, biological features of the pathogens, and evolutionary relationships. However, there is limied information on the mitochondrial genomes of ovine Babesia spp. in China.Methods: Herein, we sequenced, assembled and annotated the mitochondrial genomes of six ovine Babesia isolates, and analyzed genome size, gene content, genome structure and cytochrome b (cob) amino acid sequences, and performed comparative mitochondrial genomics and phylogenomic analyses among apicomplexan parasites.Results: The mitochondrial genomes range from 5767 to 5946 bp in length with a linear form and contain three protein-encoding genes, cytochrome c oxidase I (cox1), cytochrome c oxidase III (cox3) and cob, six large subunit rRNA gene (LSU), and two terminal inverted repeats (TIR) on both ends. The cob sequence analysis indicated that the binding site of anti-Babesia drugs targeted on the cytochrome bc1 complex. Babesia microti and Babesia rodhaini have a dual flip-flop inversion of 184-1082 bp, whereas other Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. have one pair of TIR, 25-1563 bp. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that six ovine Babesia isolates were divided into two clades, Babesia sp. and Babesia motasi. B. motasi isolates were further separated into two subclades (B. motasi Lintan/Tianzhu and B. motasi Ningxian/Hebei).Conclusions: The data provided new insights into the population genetics, taxonomic relationships, molecular epidemiological studies and drug targets of apicomplexan parasites.

Fatal mitochondrial cardiomyopathy in Kearns-Sayre syndrome with deficiency of cytochrome-c-oxidase in cardiac and skeletal muscle

1986 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 353-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Müller-Höcker ◽  
Axel Johannes ◽  
Martin Droste ◽  
Bernhard Kadenbach ◽  
Dieter Pongratz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Mitochondrial Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Kearns Sayre Syndrome

scholarly journals Functions of Cytochrome c Oxidase Assembly Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 7254
Author(s):  
Shane A. Watson ◽  
Gavin P. McStay
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Inner Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Terminal Complex ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Assembly Factors ◽  
Electron Carriers ◽  
Prosthetic Groups

Cytochrome c oxidase is the terminal complex of eukaryotic oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. This process couples the reduction of electron carriers during metabolism to the reduction of molecular oxygen to water and translocation of protons from the internal mitochondrial matrix to the inter-membrane space. The electrochemical gradient formed is used to generate chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate to power vital cellular processes. Cytochrome c oxidase and most oxidative phosphorylation complexes are the product of the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. This poses a series of topological and temporal steps that must be completed to ensure efficient assembly of the functional enzyme. Many assembly factors have evolved to perform these steps for insertion of protein into the inner mitochondrial membrane, maturation of the polypeptide, incorporation of co-factors and prosthetic groups and to regulate this process. Much of the information about each of these assembly factors has been gleaned from use of the single cell eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae and also mutations responsible for human disease. This review will focus on the assembly factors of cytochrome c oxidase to highlight some of the outstanding questions in the assembly of this vital enzyme complex.

scholarly journals Insights into the phylogenetic relationships and drug targets of Babesia isolates infective to small ruminants from the mitochondrial genomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxing Wang ◽  
Jinming Wang ◽  
Junlong Liu ◽  
Aihong Liu ◽  
Xin He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Flip Flop ◽  
Apicomplexan Parasites ◽  
Babesia Spp

Abstract Background: Babesiosis, a tick-borne disease caused by protozoa of the genus Babesia , is widespread in subtropical and tropical countries. Mitochondria are essential organelles that are responsible for energy transduction and metabolism, calcium homeostasis and cell signaling. Mitochondrial genomes could provide new insight to help elucidate and investigate the biological features, genetic evolution and classification of the protozoa. Nevertheless, there are limited data on the mitochondrial genomes of ovine Babesia spp. in China. Methods: Herein, we sequenced, assembled and annotated the mitochondrial genomes of six ovine Babesia isolates; analyzed the genome size, gene content, genome structure and cytochrome b ( cob ) amino acid sequences; and performed comparative mitochondrial genomics and phylogenomic analyses among apicomplexan parasites. Results: The mitochondrial genomes range from 5767 to 5946 bp in length with a linear form and contain three protein-encoding genes, cytochrome c oxidase I ( cox1 ), cytochrome c oxidase III ( cox3 ) and cob , six large subunit rRNA genes (LSU), and two terminal inverted repeats (TIR) on both ends. The cob gene sequence analysis indicated the binding site of anti- Babesia drugs that targeted the cytochrome bc 1 complex. Babesia microti and Babesia rodhaini have a dual flip-flop inversion of 184-1082 bp, whereas other Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. have one pair of TIRs, 25-1563 bp. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the six ovine Babesia isolates were divided into two clades, Babesia sp. and Babesia motasi . B. motasi isolates were further separated into two small clades ( B. motasi Hebei/Ningxian and B. motasi Tianzhu/Lintan). Conclusions: The data provided new insights into the taxonomic relationships and drug targets of apicomplexan parasites.

scholarly journals Insights into the phylogenetic relationship and drug targets of Babesia isolates infective to small ruminants from the mitochondrial genomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxing Wang ◽  
Jinming Wang ◽  
Junlong Liu ◽  
Aihong Liu ◽  
Xin He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Flip Flop ◽  
Apicomplexan Parasites

Abstract Background: Babesiosis, a tick-borne disease caused by protozoa of the genus Babesia, is widespread in subtropical and tropical countries. Mitochondria are essential organelles that are responsible for energy transduction and metabolism, calcium homeostasis and cell signaling. Mitochondrial genomes could provide new insight to help elucidate and investigate the biological features, genetic evolution and classification of the protozoa. Nevertheless, there are limited data on the mitochondrial genomes of ovine Babesia spp. in China.Methods: Herein, we sequenced, assembled and annotated the mitochondrial genomes of six ovine Babesia isolates; analyzed the genome size, gene content, genome structure and cytochrome b (cob) amino acid sequences; and performed comparative mitochondrial genomics and phylogenomic analyses among apicomplexan parasites.Results: The mitochondrial genomes range from 5767 to 5946 bp in length with a linear form and contain three protein-encoding genes, cytochrome c oxidase I (cox1), cytochrome c oxidase III (cox3) and cob, six large subunit rRNA genes (LSU), and two terminal inverted repeats (TIR) on both ends. The cob gene sequence analysis indicated the binding site of anti-Babesia drugs that targeted the cytochrome bc1 complex. Babesia microti and Babesia rodhaini have a dual flip-flop inversion of 184-1082 bp, whereas other Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. have one pair of TIRs, 25-1563 bp. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the six ovine Babesia isolates were divided into two clades, Babesia sp. and Babesia motasi. B. motasi isolates were further separated into two small clades (B. motasi Hebei/Ningxian and B. motasi Tianzhu/Lintan).Conclusions: The data provided new insights into the taxonomic relationships and drug targets of apicomplexan parasites.

A cryptic, intergeneric cytochrome c oxidase I pseudogene in tyrant flycatchers (family: Tyrannidae)

Genome ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1103-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin C. R. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Nuclear Genome ◽  
Mutation Rates ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase I ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Coi Sequences ◽  
Tyrant Flycatchers

Nuclear mitochondrial pseudogenes, or “numts”, are nonfunctional copies of mitochondrial genes that have been translocated to the nuclear genome. Numts have been used to study differences in mutation rates between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, but have also been implicated as troublesome for phylogenetic studies and DNA-based species identification (i.e., DNA barcoding). In this study, a suspected numt discovered during a study of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) diversity in North American birds was targeted and sequenced from tyrant flycatchers (family: Tyrannidae). In total, the numt was found in five taxa representing two genera. Substitution rates were compared between COI and numt sequences. None of the numt sequences harboured stop codons nor frameshift mutations, but phylogenetic analysis revealed they had accumulated more amino acid substitutions than the mitochondrial COI sequences. Mitochondrial COI appeared to be preferentially amplified in most cases, but methods for numt detection are discussed for cases like this where sequences lack obvious features for identification. Because of its persistence across a broad taxonomic lineage, this numt could form a valuable model system for studying evolution in numts. The full size of the numt and its location within the nuclear genome are yet to be determined.

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