Perception of solar UVB radiation by phytophagous insects: Behavioral responses and ecosystem implications

The feeding behavior and feed spectra of the active life phases (imago and larvae) of 25 background species of leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) were studied in Samara region during 1974-2014. The analysis of trophic relationships members of these insects associated with about 400 species of higher (angiosperms) plants from 50 families and 2 classes is interesting not only in terms of their agricultural value, but also when considering bioecology issues (clarification of possible contacts of the organism with the environment). The strategy of the feeding behavior of phytophagous is a complex, which includes 20 episodes of behavioral responses, focuses on the search and acquisition of food and requires choosing the right direction of the influences. Food specialization provides (in order to avoid competition between types of consumers) the existence a rich assortment of food resources and different ways of their use (herbivore and detritivore, optional - food pollen and predation, cannibalism - only 8 types). There are two groups of plants consumed by phytophagous. They are basic (normally developing larvae and imago) and additional (used by imago in unfavorable periods) plants. The search for insect food consists of three types of reactions. They are distant (coarse and fine setting) and contact reactions. Agricultural importance of leaf beetles is determined by not only damage to plants, but also the action stimulating the productivity of phytocoenosis.

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Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x18000274 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

Author(s):

Kevin Arceneaux

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Cognitive Processes ◽

Evolutionary History ◽

Behavioral Responses ◽

History Of ◽

Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

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A Clinical Study of Twenty-seven Children Exhibiting Functional Hearing Loss

Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools ◽

10.1044/0161-1461.1201.26 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 26-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Donald L. McCanna ◽

Giacinto DeLapa

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Clinical Study ◽

Early Identification ◽

Behavioral Responses ◽

Upper Elementary ◽

Elementary Grades ◽

Ability Level ◽

Hearing Problem

This report reviews 27 cases of children exhibiting functional hearing loss. The study reveals that most students were in the upper elementary grades and were predominantly females. These subjects were functioning below their ability level in school and were usually in conflict with school, home, or peers. Tests used were selected on the basis of their helping to provide early identification. The subjects' oral and behavioral responses are presented, as well as ways of resolving the hearing problem. Some helpful counseling techniques are also presented.

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Olfactory Modulation of Steady- State Visual Evoked Potential Topography in Comparison with Differences in Odor Sensitivity

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027//0269-8803.16.2.71 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 71-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Caroline M. Owen ◽

John Patterson ◽

Richard B. Silberstein

Keyword(s):

Steady State ◽

Visual Evoked Potential ◽

Evoked Potential ◽

Behavioral Responses ◽

Simultaneous Recording ◽

Odor Concentration ◽

Odor Detection ◽

Detection Response ◽

Response Groups ◽

Visual Evoked

Summary Research was undertaken to determine whether olfactory stimulation can alter steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) topography. Odor-air and air-only stimuli were used to determine whether the SSVEP would be altered when odor was present. Comparisons were also made of the topographic activation associated with air and odor stimulation, with the view toward determining whether the revealed topographic activity would differentiate levels of olfactory sensitivity by clearly identifying supra- and subthreshold odor responses. Using a continuous respiration olfactometer (CRO) to precisely deliver an odor or air stimulus synchronously with the natural respiration, air or odor (n-butanol) was randomly delivered into the inspiratory airstream during the simultaneous recording of SSVEPs and subjective behavioral responses. Subjects were placed in groups based on subjective odor detection response: “yes” and “no” detection groups. In comparison to air, SSVEP topography revealed cortical changes in response to odor stimulation for both response groups, with topographic changes evident for those unable to perceive the odor, showing the presence of a subconscious physiological odor detection response. Differences in regional SSVEP topography were shown for those who reported smelling the odor compared with those who remained unaware of the odor. These changes revealed olfactory modulation of SSVEP topography related to odor awareness and sensitivity and therefore odor concentration relative to thresholds.

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