scholarly journals Trophic behavior strategy of phytophagous insects (an example of leaf beetles Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Sergey Ivanovich Pavlov
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Trophic Relationships ◽  
Phytophagous Insects ◽  
Leaf Beetles ◽  
Behavior Strategy ◽  
Active Life ◽  
The Right

The feeding behavior and feed spectra of the active life phases (imago and larvae) of 25 background species of leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) were studied in Samara region during 1974-2014. The analysis of trophic relationships members of these insects associated with about 400 species of higher (angiosperms) plants from 50 families and 2 classes is interesting not only in terms of their agricultural value, but also when considering bioecology issues (clarification of possible contacts of the organism with the environment). The strategy of the feeding behavior of phytophagous is a complex, which includes 20 episodes of behavioral responses, focuses on the search and acquisition of food and requires choosing the right direction of the influences. Food specialization provides (in order to avoid competition between types of consumers) the existence a rich assortment of food resources and different ways of their use (herbivore and detritivore, optional - food pollen and predation, cannibalism - only 8 types). There are two groups of plants consumed by phytophagous. They are basic (normally developing larvae and imago) and additional (used by imago in unfavorable periods) plants. The search for insect food consists of three types of reactions. They are distant (coarse and fine setting) and contact reactions. Agricultural importance of leaf beetles is determined by not only damage to plants, but also the action stimulating the productivity of phytocoenosis.

Opportunistic feeding by desert bats (Myotis spp.)

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Fenton ◽  
G. K. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Selective Feeding ◽  
Insectivorous Bats ◽  
Black Light ◽  
Opportunistic Feeding

By using a 'black light' and playback of sounds made by foraging insectivorous bats, we examined opportunistic feeding behavior of bats near Camp Verde, Arizona, between 1 and 10 June 1975. Bats were significantly most active during 15-min periods when the light was on and insects were aggregated over it. Bats feeding over the light selectively pursued and captured larger insects, apparently ignoring the smaller ones. Bats did not respond to sounds simulating feeding buzzes of bats, but showed a slight response to the foraging sounds of other bats. Opportunistic feeding by insectivorous bats allows effective exploitation of patchily distributed food resources and can lead to selective feeding when 'hatches' of insects are involved. Opportunistic feeding is not incompatible with selective feeding, and may eventually be established as a strategy common to most insectivorous bats.

scholarly journals The use of infrared thermography for welfare assessment during the application of ear tags to lambs

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Karakuş ◽  
Ferda Karakuş
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Infrared Images ◽  
Thermal Camera ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Welfare Assessment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Abstract. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of metal-tipped, plastic-tipped, and electronic ear tags on the likelihood of infection using infrared thermography and to evaluate the effect on welfare by examining the behavioral responses of the lambs. Ninety lambs with an average age of 6 months were used in this study. Before the application of the ear tags, infrared images of the right and left ears of the lambs were taken with the thermal camera and the infrared temperatures were recorded. Measurements were repeated on days 1, 4, 10, and 30 after the ear tag application. The mean of infrared ear temperatures on days 0, 1, 4, 10, and 30 were found to be 14.60, 23.20, 23.77, 20.36, and 17.61 °C for the metal-tipped ear tag group; 15.69, 21.50, 20.42, 18.00, and 16.39 °C for the plastic-tipped ear tag group; and 15.17, 29.47, 27.49, 25.93, and 20.61 °C for the electronic ear tag group. The infrared temperatures on days 1, 4, and 10 in the control and experimental groups were significantly different from each other (P < 0.001). The plastic-tipped ear tags caused fewer problems and are preferred to the traditional ear tags with metal tips. The electronic ear tags caused more inflammatory reactions compared to metal- or plastic-tipped ear tags. The infrared thermography method may be used as a useful tool in the early detection of the inflammatory reactions and infections caused by the application of ear tags.

scholarly journals Aesthetic aspects of Mark Zakharov’s direction

Neophilology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 726-734
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Chebotarev ◽  
Valentina A. Sazonova
Keyword(s):  
Musical Form ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Active Life ◽  
Material Environment ◽  
The Right

We present an analysis of the basic aesthetic principles of Mark Zakharov’s directing. We consider the creative path of the director, factors influencing the development of his directorial views and worldview. Throughout his career, Zakharov improved and was constantly on the loo-kout. The director formulated some principles of working with actors. Among them is the need to help an actor, directing him in the right direction of his plan, without turning him into a pawn for directorial experiments. A modern actor must constantly take into account three important theatrical elements: the material environment, partners and spectators. Mark Zakharov’s performances did not put the actor in a certain framework, but on the contrary, gave an opportunity for improvisation, active life, constant creative search. We also focus on the director's ability to influence the viewer. He was able to unobtrusively, in a comedy-musical form, convey to the viewer the most terrible events, the wisest thoughts, and this form is always perceived better, the viewer is more willing to let himself be taught. We conclude that Zakharov built his own special directing system based on his worldview.

scholarly journals Posture as index for approach-avoidance behavior

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Eerland ◽  
Tulio M. Guadalupe ◽  
Ingmar H.A. Franken ◽  
Rolf Antonius Zwaan
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Behavior ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Lateral Movement ◽  
Approach And Avoidance ◽  
Posterior Direction ◽  
Approach Avoidance ◽  
The Right ◽  
Balance Board ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Approach and avoidance are two behavioral responses that make people tend to approach positive and avoid negative situations. This study examines whether postural behavior is influenced by the affective state of pictures. While standing on the Wii™ Balance Board, participants viewed pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant pictures (passively viewing phase). Then they had to move their body to the left or the right (lateral movement phase) to make the next picture appear. We recorded movements in the anterior-posterior direction to examine approach and avoidant behavior. During passively viewing, people approached pleasant pictures. They avoided unpleasant ones while they made a lateral movement. These findings provide support for the idea that we tend to approach positive and avoid negative situations.

scholarly journals 132 Brushstrokes after stroke – art and neuroplasticity

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (e7) ◽  
pp. A43.1-A43
Author(s):  
Manisha Narasimhan ◽  
Lucy Ramon
Keyword(s):  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Independent Mobility ◽  
Art Gallery ◽  
Active Life ◽  
Need Support ◽  
Significant Disability ◽  
The Right

IntroductionDespite current developments in acute stroke therapies, 65% of stroke patients have varying degrees of disability. Whilst focus on acute stroke reperfusion strategies is vital, stroke survivors still need support and appropriate opportunities for rehabilitation.Methods and resultsThis is an inspiring story of an 86-year old patient with locked in syndrome who rediscovered her artistic talent after a disabling stroke. She presented with right hemiparesis, bilateral ptosis, ophthalmoplegia and aphasia. Her MRI showed multiple infarcts affecting the midbrain, thalamic, cerebellar and occipital regions. There was stenosis of the right vertebral artery- the left was hypoplastic, and new atrial fibrillation was detected.There was no response to early rehabilitation strategies and her husband decided to care for her at home. He used creative strategies to encourage motor skills and participation in daily activities, and despite never regaining speech or independent mobility, she was able to interact meaningfully with him and her environment. They enjoyed a full and active life until her demise last year.The patient was an accomplished artist and, with the help of her husband, reengaged in painting. This resulted in an original collection of paintings that formed an exhibition in Wollongong Art Gallery.ConclusionThis is a life affirming story of love, enablement and ingenuity after disabling strokes, and a reminder that neuroplasticity can occur at any age. Art can provide a way to harness neuroplasticity to improve neurological deficits and quality of life, even despite significant disability. ‘A man paints with his brains and not with his hands. ‘(Michaelangelo).

scholarly journals Understanding trophic relationships among Caribbean sea urchins

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruber Rodriguez Barreras ◽  
Elvira Cuevas ◽  
Nancy Cabanillas-Terán ◽  
Benjamin Branoff
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Trophic Position ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Trophic Relationships ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Generalist Herbivore ◽  
Isotopic Characterization ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Niche Competition

The species <em>Echinometra lucunter</em>,<em> Echinometra viridis</em>,<em> Lytechinus variegatus</em>, <em>Tripneustes ventricosus,</em> and <em>Diadema antillarum</em> are the most common sea urchins of littoral habitats in the Caribbean. <em>T. ventricosus</em> and <em>L. variegatus</em> are associated with seagrass beds, while the other three species usually inhabit hardground substrates. Food preferences of these species are well documented and they are commonly accepted as being primarily herbivorous-omnivorous; nevertheless, few of them have previously been characterized isotopically. We used this approach for assessing the isotopic characterization of five echinoids. We established the trophic position of two groups of co-occurring species and quantified the contribution of food resources in the diet of <em>Echinometra lucunter</em>, considered the most common sea urchin in the Caribbean region. The species <em>T. ventricosus</em> and <em>D. antillarum</em> showed the highest values of δ<sup>15</sup>N. Sea urchins exhibited similar values of δ<sup>13</sup>C varying from -11.6 ± 0.63 to -10.4 ± 0.99%. The echinoid <em>E. lucunter</em> displayed the lowest values of carbon, from -15.40 ± 0.76%. Significant differences among species were found for δ<sup>15</sup>N and δ<sup>13</sup>C. Seaweed communities exhibited no differences among sites for overall δ<sup>15</sup>N (F= 1.300, df= 3, p= 0.301), but we found spatial differences for δ<sup>13</sup>C (F= 7.410, df= 3, p= 0.001). The ellipse-based metrics of niche width analysis found that the hardground biotope species (<em>D. antillarum</em>, <em>E. lucunter</em>, and <em>E. viridis</em>) did not overlap each other. Similar results were obtained for the co-occurring species of the seagrass biotope; however, the distance between these species was closer than that of the hardground biotope species. The Bayesian mixing models run for <em>E. lucunter</em> at all four localities found differences in food resources contribution. The algae <em>D. menstrualis</em>, <em>C. crassa</em> and <em>B. triquetrum</em> dominated in CGD; whereas <em>C. nitens</em>, <em>Gracilaria</em> spp., and <em>D. caribaea</em> represented the main contributor algae to the diet of <em>E. lucunter</em> at LQY. In Culebra Island, no dominance of any particular algae was detected in TMD, where six of the eight species exhibited a similar contribution. Similarities in δ<sup>15</sup>N between <em>D. antillarum</em> and <em>T. ventricosus</em> may hint towards a similar trophic level for these species, although <em>T. ventricosus</em> is widely accepted as an omnivore, while <em>D. antillarum </em>is considered a generalist herbivore. The lack of overlap among species in the two biotopes seems to indicate a resource partitioning strategy to avoid niche competition among co-occurring species.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document