scholarly journals The role of cysteines in the structure and function of OGG1

2020 ◽  
pp. jbc.RA120.016126
Author(s):  
Katarina Wang ◽  
Marah Maayah ◽  
Joann B. Sweasy ◽  
Khadijeh S. Alnajjar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Excision Repair ◽  
Cysteine Residue ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Cysteine Residues ◽  
Lyase Activity ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Base Excision ◽  
And Function

8-oxoguanine glycosylase (OGG1) is a base excision repair enzyme responsible for the recognition and removal of 8-oxoguanine, a commonly occurring oxidized DNA modification. OGG1 prevents the accumulation of mutations and regulates the transcription of various oxidative stress-response genes. In addition to targeting DNA, oxidative stress can affect proteins like OGG1 itself, specifically at cysteine residues. Previous work has shown that the function of OGG1 is sensitive to oxidants, with the cysteine residues of OGG1 being the most likely site of oxidation. Due to the integral role of OGG1 in maintaining cellular homeostasis under oxidative stress, it is important to understand the effect of oxidants on OGG1 and the role of cysteines in its structure and function. In this study, we investigate the role of the cysteine residues in the function of OGG1 by mutating and characterizing each cysteine residue. Our results indicate that the cysteines in OGG1 fall into four functional categories: those that are necessary for (1) glycosylase activity (C146 and C255), (2) lyase activity (C140S, C163, C241 and C253), (3) structural stability (C253), and (4) those with no known function (C28 and C75). These results suggest that under conditions of oxidative stress, cysteine can be targeted for modifications, thus altering the response of OGG1 and affecting its downstream cellular functions.

Structure and Function of the Plant Alternative Oxidase: Its Putative Role in the Oxygen Defence Mechanism

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anneke M. Wagner ◽  
Anthony L. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Alternative Oxidase ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Defence Mechanism ◽  
Putative Role ◽  
And Function

Current understanding of the structure and function of the plant alternative oxidase is reviewed. In particular, the role of the oxidase in the protection of tissues against oxidative stress is developed.

The role of individual cysteine residues in the structure and function of the v-sis gene product

Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 236 (4806) ◽  
pp. 1315-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Giese ◽  
K. Robbins ◽  
S. Aaronson
Keyword(s):  
Gene Product ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Cysteine Residues ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Conduit artery structure and function in lowlanders and native highlanders: relationships with oxidative stress and role of sympathoexcitation

2014 ◽  
Vol 592 (5) ◽  
pp. 1009-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nia C. S. Lewis ◽  
Damian M. Bailey ◽  
Gregory R. duManoir ◽  
Laura Messinger ◽  
Samuel J. E. Lucas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Conduit Artery ◽  
And Function

Adventitial fibroblasts in vascular structure and function: the role of oxidative stress and beyondThis review is one of a selection of papers published in a Special Issue on Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease.

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Di Wang ◽  
Matthew T. Rätsep ◽  
Alexander Chapman ◽  
Ryan Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Vascular Structure ◽  
Matrix Deposition ◽  
Adventitial Fibroblasts ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
And Function

The vascular adventitia, defined as the area between the external elastic lamina and the outermost edge of the blood vessel, is composed primarily of fibroblasts and for years was thought to be merely a passive structural support for the blood vessel. Consequently, studies pertaining to the role of the adventitia in regulating vascular function have been far outnumbered by those regarding the vascular endothelium. However, recent work has begun to reveal the dynamic properties of the adventitia. It was therefore the aim of this review to provide an overview of the existing knowledge demonstrating the role of the adventitia in regulating vessel structure and function. The main topics covered in this review include the cellular composition of the adventitia and the role of the adventitia in vascular oxidative stress, vasomotor responses, extracellular matrix protein expression, growth factor expression, and endothelin-1 (ET-1) expression. Recent evidence suggests that the adventitia is a major producer of vascular reactive oxygen species. It displays a distinct response to injury, hypoxia, and pulmonary hypertension, mediating vascular remodelling, repair, and extracellular matrix deposition. It may also play a role in regulating vascular tone. More recently, it has been reported that adventitial fibroblasts can produce ET-1 after Ang II treatment. Additionally, emerging evidence suggests that the adventitia may be a potent source of vasoactive hormones such as growth factors and ET-1, which may regulate vascular structure and function via autocrine or paracrine signalling mechanisms. Despite these findings, many important questions regarding the role of the vascular adventitia remain unanswered, suggesting the need for further research to determine its exact function in health and disease.

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