scholarly journals Longitudinal Analysis of Maternal Plasma Apolipoproteins in Pregnancy: A Targeted Proteomics Approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon K. Flood-Nichols ◽  
Deborah Tinnemore ◽  
Mark A. Wingerd ◽  
Ali I. Abu-Alya ◽  
Peter G. Napolitano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Targeted Proteomics ◽  
Proteomics Approach ◽  
In Pregnancy

Pharmacokinetics, Placental and Breast Milk Transfer of Antiretroviral Drugs in Pregnant and Lactating Women Living with HIV

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 556-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.M. Hodel ◽  
C. Marzolini ◽  
C. Waitt ◽  
N. Rakhmanina
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Protease Inhibitors ◽  
Drug Class ◽  
Drug Transporters ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background:Remarkable progress has been achieved in the identification of HIV infection in pregnant women and in the prevention of vertical HIV transmission through maternal antiretroviral treatment (ART) and neonatal antiretroviral drug (ARV) prophylaxis in the last two decades. Millions of women globally are receiving combination ART throughout pregnancy and breastfeeding, periods associated with significant biological and physiological changes affecting the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of ARVs. The objective of this review was to summarize currently available knowledge on the PK of ARVs during pregnancy and transport of maternal ARVs through the placenta and into the breast milk. We also summarized main safety considerations for in utero and breast milk ARVs exposures in infants.Methods:We conducted a review of the pharmacological profiles of ARVs in pregnancy and during breastfeeding obtained from published clinical studies. Selected maternal PK studies used a relatively rich sampling approach at each ante- and postnatal sampling time point. For placental and breast milk transport of ARVs, we selected the studies that provided ratios of maternal to the cord (M:C) plasma and breast milk to maternal plasma (M:P) concentrations, respectively.Results:We provide an overview of the physiological changes during pregnancy and their effect on the PK parameters of ARVs by drug class in pregnancy, which were gathered from 45 published studies. The PK changes during pregnancy affect the dosing of several protease inhibitors during pregnancy and limit the use of several ARVs, including three single tablet regimens with integrase inhibitors or protease inhibitors co-formulated with cobicistat due to suboptimal exposures. We further analysed the currently available data on the mechanism of the transport of ARVs from maternal plasma across the placenta and into the breast milk and summarized the effect of pregnancy on placental and of breastfeeding on mammal gland drug transporters, as well as physicochemical properties, C:M and M:P ratios of individual ARVs by drug class. Finally, we discussed the major safety issues of fetal and infant exposure to maternal ARVs.Conclusions:Available pharmacological data provide evidence that physiological changes during pregnancy affect maternal, and consequently, fetal ARV exposure. Limited available data suggest that the expression of drug transporters may vary throughout pregnancy and breastfeeding thereby possibly impacting the amount of ARV crossing the placenta and secreted into the breast milk. The drug transporter’s role in the fetal/child exposure to maternal ARVs needs to be better understood. Our analysis underscores the need for more pharmacological studies with innovative study design, sparse PK sampling, improved study data reporting and PK modelling in pregnant and breastfeeding women living with HIV to optimize their treatment choices and maternal and child health outcomes.

scholarly journals Longitudinal analysis of antibody response following SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy: From the first trimester to delivery

2021 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 103285
Author(s):  
Stefano Cosma ◽  
Andrea Roberto Carosso ◽  
Silvia Corcione ◽  
Jessica Cusato ◽  
Fulvio Borella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
In Pregnancy

scholarly journals Development of a Pharmaceutical Hepatotoxicity Biomarker Panel Using a Discovery to Targeted Proteomics Approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 394-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben C. Collins ◽  
Christine A. Miller ◽  
Alexandra Sposny ◽  
Phillip Hewitt ◽  
Martin Wells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Proteomics ◽  
Biomarker Panel ◽  
Proteomics Approach

Renin, Angiotensin and Aldosterone in Human Pregnancy and the Menstrual Cycle

1971 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. S. Robertson ◽  
R. J. Weir ◽  
G. O. Düsterdieck ◽  
R. Fraser ◽  
M. Tree
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Sodium Depletion ◽  
Aldosterone Secretion ◽  
Renin Substrate ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone Concentration ◽  
In Pregnancy

Aldosterone secretion is frequently, although not invariably, increased above the normal non-pregnant range in normal pregnancy. Substantial increases in plasma aldosterone concentration have also been demonstrated as early as the sixteenth week. In pregnancy, aldosterone secretion rate responds in the usual way to changes in sodium intake. Plasma renin concentration is frequently, but not invariably, raised above the normal non-pregnant range. Plasma renin-substrate is consistently raised in pregnancy. Plasma angiotensin II has also been shown usually to be raised in a series of pregnant women. A significant positive correlation has been shown between the maternal plasma aldosterone concentration and the product of the concurrent plasma renin and renin-substrate concentrations. This suggests that the increased plasma aldosterone in pregnancy is the consequence of an increase in circulating angiotensin II, which in turn is related to the level of both renin and its substrate in maternal blood. For these reasons, estimations of renin activity in pregnancy are of dubious value. The increased renin, angiotensin and aldosterone concentrations may represent a tendency to maternal sodium depletion, probably mainly a consequence of the increased glomerular filtration rate. It is possible that the nausea and other symptoms of early pregnancy may be a consequence of this tendency to sodium depletion, with its attendant hormonal changes. In ‘pre-eclampsia’, renin and aldosterone values are generally slightly lower than in normal pregnancy. Human chorion can apparently synthesize renin independently of the kidney. The physiological significance of this remains at present obscure, but it seems unlikely that this source contributes much, if at all, to the often elevated maternal plasma renin. Plasma renin, renin-activity and angiotensin II concentrations, and aldosterone secretion are increased in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.

scholarly journals Targeted Proteomics Approach for Precision Plant Breeding

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 638-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aakash Chawade ◽  
Erik Alexandersson ◽  
Therese Bengtsson ◽  
Erik Andreasson ◽  
Fredrik Levander
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Targeted Proteomics ◽  
Proteomics Approach

scholarly journals Higher Maternal Plasma n–3 PUFA and Lower n–6 PUFA Concentrations in Pregnancy Are Associated with Lower Childhood Systolic Blood Pressure

2015 ◽  
Vol 145 (10) ◽  
pp. 2362-2368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Jelena Vidakovic ◽  
Olta Gishti ◽  
Jolien Steenweg-de Graaff ◽  
Michelle A Williams ◽  
Liesbeth Duijts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
In Pregnancy

Corticosteroid binding globulin in normotensive and hypertensive human pregnancy

1987 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 725-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M. Potter ◽  
Utz W. Mueller ◽  
Peter E. Hickman ◽  
Con A. Michael
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Plasma Albumin ◽  
Hypertension In Pregnancy ◽  
Corticosteroid Binding Globulin ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
In Pregnancy ◽  
Singleton Pregnancies

1. Corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) concentrations in maternal plasma have been measured throughout pregnancy in a series of 100 singleton pregnancies in 89 normotensive women. Plasma CBG concentrations were monitored also in 10 women with essential or renovascular hypertension. Plasma albumin, Cortisol and oestriol were measured concurrently. 2. Plasma CBG increased two and a half to three times during pregnancy. In those women who developed hypertension in pregnancy (mean arterial pressure > 107 mmHg), the plasma CBG concentrations were significantly lower than in those who remained normotensive. In women who developed hypertension, the CBG either failed to increase at the same rate as in normal pregnancies or the level fell before the appearance of hypertension. The earlier the onset of hypertension, the greater the decline in CBG. In all subjects, the CBG concentration at 34–36 weeks gestation was directly related to the birthweight of the infant. 3. Plasma Cortisol levels were depressed in hypertension relative to that in the normotensive women. Whilst plasma albumin levels decreased at least 30% in most women during pregnancy, the fall tended to be less in hypertensive women, but there was marked overlap between patient groups. Plasma oestriol concentrations were depressed only in the very severely affected cases. 4. It is suggested the CBG concentration is a further reflection of the metabolic abnormalities associated with hypertension in pregnancy, and that it can be used as a marker to identify and monitor those patients at risk.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document