From transitive to causative in Japanese

Diachronica ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiko Narrog
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Old Japanese ◽  
The Status ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Lexical Causative

Modern Japanese has a morphological causative, formed by suffixes on the verb, and lexical causatives. The morphological causative has been in use since Late Old Japanese. However, the etymology of this morphological causative and the status of related causative formations in Old Japanese remain unclear. This paper supports the view that lexical causative formations in Old Japanese are the direct predecessors of the morphological causative. In their morphological, syntactic, and semantic features they form a chain of morphologization with the productive causative that emerged from them. Similar diachronic developments have also been observed in Sanskrit and North American languages. Thus, the formation of a morphological causative from a lexical pattern, a path of development that has received little attention, seems to constitute a crosslinguistically valid source for the evolution of productive causatives. It is proposed that the type of change observed here is an exaptation of fossilized morphological material, which, in several important aspects, runs counter to the directionality of change posited in mainstream grammaticalization theory.

The North American Allies of Hylobius piceus (De Geer) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

1957 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Wood
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Winged Form ◽  
The North ◽  
The Status ◽  
Field Workers ◽  
Dimorphic Species ◽  
Biological Differences

While investigating the biology of the North American species of Hypomolyx, field workers in Manitoba found a vestigial, or short-winged, and a long-winged form under apparently identical conditions in about equal numbers. Although biological differences were nor then apparent, there was doubt as to whether they were dealing with one dimorphic species or with two distinct species, A search for morphological characters brought to light numerous differences between the two forms, supporting the view that two species were present. These differences, a description the previously unrecognized species, and notes concerning the status of the genera Hylobius and Hypomolyx are reported below.

ASSOCIATIVITY AS A FORMATION SOURCE OF A MUSICAL COMPOSITION EDITING FORM OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
ZARINA DENISOVA
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Musical Composition ◽  
Musical Work ◽  
The Status ◽  
Associative Connection ◽  
New Type ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Russian Composers

The object of the research in this article is associativity as a characteristic feature of 20th century art. The nature, the role of the association in the work of artistic thinking, the principles of its functioning are considered. The subject of the research is the editing form of a musical work of the second half of the 20th century. Particular attention in the article is paid to the consideration of such an important factor influencing the formation of a stable associative connection as repetition. At the same time, it is specified that repetition is caused by a specific life situation. This repetition forms a chain of associations that create an integral content space of a musical work. The work uses general scientific research methods in the framework of comparative and logical analysis, including generalizations and comparisons. The work is based on the analytical method and has a systemic interdisciplinary nature as well. In revealing the specifics of the installation form, the author of the article turns to the theory of compositional ellipsis V. Bobrovsky. The main conclusion of the study is that the importance of associativity in the work of Russian composers in the second half of the 20th century is increasing, reaching the status of a characteristic feature of artistic thinking. The process of expanding associativity manifested itself, in particular, in the emergence in musical creativity of a new type of form creation - editing. The analysis revealed the features inherent in the montage type of construction of a work of art. This is the dismemberment of thematic material, the syntactic isolation of thematic structures, the organization of the form «from the end», the internal unity of the mosaic structure, and others. The novelty of this research lies in the fact that for the first time associativity is considered as a source of montage shaping, in the choice of research methodology, as well as in the identification of special features of the composition, manifested in the conditions of montage drama.

scholarly journals The Female and Male World in Croatian Proverbs

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-363
Author(s):  
Goranka Blagus Bartolec ◽  
Ivana Matas Ivanković
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Social Community ◽  
Female Relationships ◽  
Literary Forms ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Human And Nature ◽  
Physical Features

Proverbs as concise textual structures are primarily defined as oral (folk) literary forms in which universal thoughts are expressed on the basis of individual experiences understandable to speakers of the language, i.e., of the social community in which they originated. In relation to, for example, idioms, the use of proverbs in today’s public discourse is much rarer, and proverbs in Croatian are most often recorded in printed form, while online edited lexicographic sources of proverbs are rare. Folk customs, human character and physical features, social and religious values, the relation of human and nature are the most common motives in proverbs. Male-female relationships are also the subject of numerous proverbs. Given the past times when they were created, they can be considered the source of a stereotypical image of the status of women and men in society that exists in human consciousness. Based on proverbs with the component woman, grandmother, mother, daughter, sister, girlfriend, widow, father, son, husband…, this paper will analyze proverbs with the topic of male-female relations, e.g. Ljubav daj ženi, ali tajnu odaj samo majci i sestri. (Give your love to your wife, but reveal the secret only to your mother and sister.), or proverbs referring to an individual feature attributed to a man or a woman, e.g., Kakvo drvo, takav klin, kakav otac takav sin. (Like tree, like wedge; like father, like son.)., Ženi sina kad hoćeš, a kćer kad možeš. (Marry a son when you want and a daughter when you can.). The analysis includes the following: 1. representation of proverbs in other lexicographic (printed and online sources), 2. representation of such proverbs in contemporary public discourse, 3. structural and semantic features of proverbs motivated by male-female relationships. In conclusion, the role of proverbs on the topic of male and female in the contemporary context is discussed – what is their perspective and whether the corpus has replaced traditional recorders and word of mouth today.

The Status of North American Migrants in Central Amazonian Brazil

The Condor ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 608-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas F. Stotz ◽  
R. O. Bierregaard ◽  
Mario Cohn-Haft ◽  
Peter Petermann ◽  
Jan Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
The Status ◽  
Amazonian Brazil

Making a North American Dictionary after Avis

1981 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. 142-149
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Toon
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Law ◽  
Trade Names

Dr. Johnson impugned his fellow dictionary makers by defining a lexicographer as a harmless drudge. Were a present day dictionary maker to take a Johnsonian editorial liberty and use Walter S. Avis as a personal example in defining lexicographer, that famous definition would need to take a very different form. One would have to include such adjectives as generous, tireless, dedicated, farseeing, and innovative. Avis knew circumstantially that the modern lexicographer can occasionally be elevated above the status of mere “harmless drudge,” but certainly Dr. Johnson could not have been expected to anticipate the kind of dilemma Avis described in “Trade Names, Lexicographers, and the Law” (1978).

Taxonomic studies on the genus Atrichum in North America

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. Ireland
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Taxonomic Study ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
The Status ◽  
Taxonomic Studies

A taxonomic study was made of several North American taxa in the genus Atrichum. The primary emphasis was on the Canadian taxa and a key to the six species (A. altecristatum, A. angustatum, A. crispum, A. oerstedianum, A. selwynii, A. undulatum) and one variety (A. undulatum var. gracilisetum) of the country is presented. Atrichum oerstedianum, which has been confused with A. undulatum, is added to the moss flora of the United States and Canada. The distribution of A. crispum is clarified and a detailed study of the species revealed new morphological characters that are useful to distinguish it. A variety of A. undulatum, the var. altecristatum, is raised to the rank of a species and morphological and distributional data are given to support the status of A. selwynii as a distinct species. The first chromosome counts are reported for A. selwynii (n = 7) and A. altecristatum (n = 14). Detailed descriptions are provided for A. altecristatum, A. crispum, A. oerstedianum, and A. selwynii.

Revision of the North American species of the genus Entomacis (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Yoder
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Species Group ◽  
North American Species ◽  
The North ◽  
The Status ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Character Complexes ◽  
Species Taxonomy ◽  
North America North

AbstractThe species of the genus Entomacis Foerster in North America north of Mexico are revised. Nineteen species (12 new), including 8 species of the Holarctic-wide perplexa species group, are keyed, described, and figured. These taxa are E. ambigua (Brues), E. apopkaensissp. nov., E. arcticasp. nov., E. cellariasp. nov., E. cepasp. nov., E. eorariasp. nov., E. floridana (Ashmead), E. grandiclavasp. nov., E. longii (Ashmead), E. mellipetiola (Ashmead), E. parambiguasp. nov., and perplexa group members E. californica (Ashmead), E. microbipunctatasp. nov., E. notioxerasp. nov., E. oulasp. nov., E. parvasp. nov., E. perplexa (Haliday), E. sapratasp. nov., and E. subemarginata (Ashmead). Hemilexodes canadensis (Harrington) is synonymized under Entomacis mellipetiola (Ashmead) (syn. nov.). The status of Entomacis latipennis (Ashmead), E. filiformis (Ashmead), and Hemilexis jessei Mann is reviewed. New character complexes, particularly chaetotaxy, are emphasized for Diapriidae species taxonomy.

Categorization of Korean Language Collections Level of North American Research Universities

Libri ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Cho
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
North American ◽  
Research Universities ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Korean Language ◽  
The North ◽  
The Status ◽  
American Research ◽  
International Status ◽  
American Region

AbstractAs a result of increased interest in the international status and culture of Korea, Koreanology is growing among research universities in the North American region. Though the number of Korean language collections is increasing, it is still at a level of one-seventh and one-fourth of Sinology and Japanology, respectively. Taking the overall view of the status of Korean language collections operated by research universities in the North American region through statistical analysis, this study pinpointed the library clusters that the Korean government needs to support strategically by categorizing their advancement forms. As a result, it was found that there are universities which have a high potential for Koreanology to advance as the setup level of the major is high, but they have low library operation levels, and in such clusters there is no librarian specialized in Koreanology.

scholarly journals Language of Russian Charity: Verbs

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4 (202)) ◽  
pp. 293-310
Author(s):  
Valeria S. Kuchko ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
National Corpus

This article studies Russian verbs which name the action of gratuitous material assistance to those in need, i.e. благотворить, благотворительствовать, благодетельствовать, меценатствовать, жертвовать, спонсировать, and their few derivatives. The author focuses on the history of their origin and use in the Russian language, the development of their meanings, semantic features, and functioning in the text. The analysis of these characteristics of the life of the word in the language allows the author to identify and formulate some norms of the use of these verbs in modern charity discourse for those who speak and write about charity. The study is based on historical and modern lexicographic sources, such as explanatory dictionaries of the Old Slavic Language, Old Russian Language, Russian language of different time periods, as well as examples of word usage, retrieved from The National Corpus of the Russian Language. In spite of the fact that the verbs studied realise the predicate of a situation of charity and designate the subject’s action of providing a poor or deprived object with material support, they considerably differ in terms of time of their appearance in the language, periods of usage, and semantic capacity. The analysis demonstrates that there is no verb that could claim the status of a nuclear verbal lexeme of the semantic field of charity: the word with the widest neutral semantics благотворить has almost fallen out of use, the verbs благодетельствовать and меценатствовать have a narrower application, while жертвовать imposes semantic restrictions on the choice of words for the positions of the object and the instrument of charity, and in the case of the verb спонсировать a specific context of “market” charity is important, in which the subject receives a certain benefit from their contribution.

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