The Rg Vedic hymn as a ritual speech event

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Nik. Ilieva
Keyword(s):  
Specific Context ◽  
Female Speaker ◽  
Speech Event ◽  
Address Forms ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Rhetorical Features ◽  
Ritual Speech ◽  
Finite Verb

In the present work I try to show how certain distinctive grammatical-rhetorical features of the hymns, such as frequent use of elaborate epithets, a rich arsenal of noun and pronoun address forms as well as a large variety of finite verb forms, can be accounted for from a pragmatic perspective by discussing them at the three main linguistic levels — morphology, lexicon, syntax. 10.39 is a representative laudatory hymn performed in a ceremonial setting, whose topic is related to the desire of a female speaker to find a good husband. The analysis is based on a socially and psychologically oriented application of pragmatic principles, namely, the politeness framework and it takes into account the specific context, on which the pragmatic interpretations are strictly dependent. The hymn is discussed as a communicative event, possible through the use of the Vedic language and designed to achieve specific ritualistic goals.

Preverbation and narrativity in Lithuanian. The distribution of finite simplex and compound verbs in narrative main clauses

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 167-192
Author(s):  
Lea Sawicki
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Text ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
The Past ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Compound Verbs ◽  
Finite Verb

The article deals with the use of simplex and compound (prefixed) verbs in narrative text. Main clauses comprising finite verb forms in the past and in the past habitual tense are examined in an attempt to establish to what extent simplex and compound verbs exhibit aspect oppositions, and whether a correlation exists between the occurrence of simplex vs. compound verbs and distinct textual units. The investigation shows that although simple and compound verbs in Lithuanian are not in direct aspect opposition to each other, in the background text portions most of the verbs are prefixless past tense forms or habitual forms, whereas in the plot-advancing text portions, the vast majority of verbs are compound verbs in the simple past tense.  

scholarly journals “The Trout Breaks the Ice” by Mikhail Kuzmin: Verse and Grammar

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-116
Author(s):  
Marina Akimova
Keyword(s):  
Past Tense ◽  
Long Poem ◽  
Complex Composition ◽  
The Past ◽  
Compositional Structure ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Astronomical Time ◽  
Mikhail Kuzmin ◽  
Iambic Pentameter ◽  
Finite Verb

The author explores various compositional levels of the Russian modernist author Mikhail Kuzmin’s long poem “The Trout Breaks the Ice”. The levels are: (1) the grammatical tenses vs. the astronomical time (non-finite verb forms (imperative) are also assumed to indicate time); (2) the meters of this polymetric poem; (3) realistic vs. symbolic and (4) static vs. dynamic narrative modes. The analysis is done by the chapter, and the data are summarized in five tables. It turned out that certain features regularly co-occur, thus supporting the complex composition of the poem. In particular, the present tense and time regularly mark the realistic and static chapters written in various meters, whereas the past tense and time are specific to the realistic and dynamic chapters written in iambic pentameter. The article sheds new light on the compositional structure of Kuzmin’s poem and the general principles of poetic composition.

The verb

2021 ◽  
pp. 258-382
Author(s):  
Martin Maiden ◽  
Adina Dragomirescu ◽  
Gabriela Pană Dindelegan ◽  
Oana Uță Bărbulescu ◽  
Rodica Zafiu
Keyword(s):  
General Structure ◽  
Auxiliary Verbs ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Finite Verb

What is the general structure of the Romanian verb? What are the verb’s inflexion classes and where do they come from? How is the verb’s inflexional paradigm structured? What is the nature of the extensive allomorphy found in lexical roots? Where do suppletive patterns come from? What is the morphological history of non-finite forms? What are ‘morphomic’ patterns and how did they emerge in the verb? What is the morphological history of auxiliary verbs? What is the history of novel periphrastic constructions involving auxiliary verbs and non-finite verb forms?

Non-finite verb forms and non-finite constructions

2016 ◽  
pp. 232-287
Author(s):  
Isabela Nedelcu ◽  
Adina Dragomirescu ◽  
Dana Niculescu
Keyword(s):  
Verb Forms ◽  
Finite Verb

Non-finite verb forms

Soluzioni ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 361-375
Author(s):  
Denise De Rôme
Keyword(s):  
Verb Forms ◽  
Finite Verb

On the role of input for children’s early production of bare infinitives in German and French

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-90
Author(s):  
Sabine Laaha ◽  
Dominique Bassano
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Phase ◽  
Lexical Effects ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Verb Constructions ◽  
Early Production ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Early Developmental ◽  
Finite Verb

The “optional infinitive” phenomenon, i.e. the existence of an early developmental phase in which children show a strong preference for using bare non-finite verb forms, has been the subject of many studies and much controversy. The aim of this study is to assess the role of distributional characteristics of the input for children’s early production of bare infinitives in two languages, German and French. For this purpose, three different input variables are investigated: the frequency, informativeness and salience of infinitives in child-directed speech. Results show that salience is the best predictor for the distribution of bare infinitives in the very early phase of development. Furthermore, lexical effects of individual verb forms on the patterning of bare infinitives in child speech are found which further support the constructivist idea that bare infinitives reflect the child’s learning of verb forms from compound finite verb constructions in the input.

scholarly journals Ritual Speech Among Apyãwa (Tapirapé)

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Eunice Dias De Paula
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Speech Event ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Sociocultural Values ◽  
Food Seeking ◽  
Ritual Speech

Resumo: o povo indígena Apyãwa (Tapirapé) apresenta um ciclo ritual complexo, sendo que cada ritual caracteriza um evento de fala nos quais os atos de fala assumem funções essenciais. A análise das falas rituais à luz da Etnossintaxe, cujos postulados afirmam que na gramática de uma língua estão presentes os valores culturais e os ideais que organizam a vida de uma determinada sociedade, mostraram que a palavra tarywa ‘alegria’, usada para definir os rituais, evidencia um estado de ânimo peculiar aos Apyãwa, normalmente alegres e bem-humorados. Ademais, os rituais aproximam os atuais Apyãwa de seus ancestrais e dos Axyga, espíritos com os quais interagem através da oferta de cantos e alimentos, buscando bem-estar social para todos. Palavras-chave: Rituais. Eventos de Fala. Valores socioculturais. Povo Indígena Apyãwa Abstract: The indigenous people Apyãwa (Tapirapé) present a complex ritual cycle, each ritual featuring a speech event in which the speech act takes on essential functions (Hymes, 1974, 1986). In light of Ethnosyntax (ENFIELD, 2002), which assumes that in the grammar of a language cultural values and ideals that organize the life of a given society are present, the analysis of ritual speech showed that the word tarywa, 'joy', used to define the rituals shows a state of mind peculiar to the Apyãwa who are usually cheerful and humorous. Moreover, the rituals connect the current Apyãwa to their ancestors and to the Axyga, spirits with whom they interact by offering songs and food, seeking well-being for everyone. Keywords: Rituals. Speech event. Sociocultural values. Indigenous people Apyãwa.

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