The syntax of peripheral adverbial clauses

This paper explores the relation between the interpretations of while in English and mentre in Italian introducing adverbial clauses. Central while/mentre clauses express a temporal/aspectual modification of the proposition in the host clause. Peripheral while/mentre clauses make accessible a proposition from the discourse context enhancing the relevance of the host proposition. In one approach, clauses introduced by adversative while/mentre are analyzed as ‘less integrated’ with the associated clause than those introduced by temporal while/mentre. In another approach, adverbial clauses introduced by adversative while/mentre are considered not syntactically integrated with the host clause. This paper re-examines the nature of the syntactic integration of the adverbial clauses with the host clause, revealing a parallelism between the adversative peripheral while/mentre clauses and speaker-related sentential adverbs, leading to the conclusion that the non-integration analysis is not appropriate for this type of peripheral clauses and that any analysis must be aligned with that of the relevant non-clausal adverbials, supporting Frey (2018, 2020a, b). We also argue that central adverbial clauses recycled as speech event modifiers must be considered non-integrated. Concretely, we propose that they are integrated in discourse, through a specialized layer FrameP (Haegeman & Greco 2018).

Speech genre of an expert report in the context of communicative goal-setting

The article studies a speech genre of an expert report. The study focuses on the realization of the most significant genre-forming feature – the communicative goal of an expert report. Scientific novelty is connected with the fact that an expert report is studied in the context of being a result of speech activity; within the theory of speech genres and communicative linguistics. The article focuses on the basic characteristics of the genre, its communicative goal-setting peculiarities, and the influence of an expert report type on the communicative goal realization. The analysis shows that the speech genre of an expert report is included into the terminological and actual boundaries of a wider and larger phenomenon, known as a speech event, which is realized by a set of speech genres and represents a form of organization of communication with certain participants. As a speech event, an expert report possesses a complex ritualized nature which makes it possible to define it as a complex speech event. The article studies the speech genre of an expert report as a leading genre of a speech event with the same name. The analysis has found out a dual trend of an expert report in communicative goal-setting, represented by: 1) information communication (informative objective) and 2) evaluation expression (evaluative objective). The balance between the two objectives is determined by an expert report type. Expert reports of traditional (special-purpose) type are found to appeal to consciousness and logic with the informative illocution being a predominant goal; while in case of humanitarian expert reports, subjective emotional experience and assessment serve the same purpose being applied in practice in the dominating evaluative illocution.

Pragmatic functions of discourse marker ‘well’ in selected spoken discourse of Philippine English

The present paper investigates the use of the discourse marker “well,” one of the expressions that evoke emotive rather than referential functions. Taking a discourse-pragmatic approach, this study examines the functions of well as a discourse marker in selected spoken discourse of Philippine English. This paper investigates the functions and frequency of the discourse marker well in various speech event categories set in a dialogue and monologue environments. The data for the analysis have been selected from the International Corpus of English – Philippines (ICE-PHI). Also, the study focuses on the spoken component of the ICE-PH, which is one of the least studied dimensions of Philippine English. Further, it employs both quantitative and qualitative analyses while applying the suggested classification proposed by Ran (2003) and Jucker (1993). This study claims that the discourse marker well has several discourse-pragmatic functions in various speaking contexts, including 1) initiating utterance; 2) indicating the speaker's hesitancy; 3) mitigating various Face Threatening Acts; 4) correcting one's utterance; and 5) changing or shifting the current topic, based on 346 cases of well in four different spoken types.

Voices of English: language and the construction of religious identity amongst Ismaili Muslims in Pakistan and Tajikistan

This paper brings together notions of heteroglossia and religious identity to explore how English becomes indexical of Ismaili distinction in local communities in Pakistan and Tajikistan. Adopting a heteroglossic approach to language provides a perspective which is epistemologically compatible with notions of religion as social, human and interactional, as intricately connected to power, and as both reflecting and being shaped by perspective and positioning. In the paper, I use a “discourse analysis beyond the speech event” approach to engage with data collected during ethnographic fieldwork (qualitative interviews, focus group discussions, fieldnotes) amongst Ismailis in Hunza, northern Pakistan and Khorog, eastern Tajikistan. In analyzing these examples, I attempt to illustrate how ideologies of English become sites for the negotiation of religious distinction.

An Analysis of Code Switching in Boy William’s Vlog on Youtube

Today there are many people can speak more than one language. It makes them can switch from one language to others in one speech event. This paper explainstypes of code switching, factors that influence the use of code switching and the function of code switching Boy William’s Vlog. The research belongs to qualitative research. The data are in form of utterances spoken by the Boy William and his guests. The data are collected by observation. It is done by watching and recording the video and writing the data. Then dataare analyzed by content analysis. The steps in analyzing data are: selecting data, interpreting and drawing conclusion. The results shows that there are three types of code switching found, that are Intra-Sentential, Inter-Sentential and Tag Switching. Meanwhile, there are four factors that affect code switching; Participant, Solidarity, Status and Topic. While the function of code switching, six functions were found; Talking about Particular topics, Interjection, Express Solidarity, Intention of Clarifying The Speech Content for Interlocutors, Repetition Used for Clarification and Express Group Identification. Keywords:Types of code switching, Factors of code switching, Functions of code switching, Vlog.

From SPEAKING to SEMIOSIS

This paper explores the quest for an account of the ‘total linguistic fact’. Speech act theory, sociolinguistics, linguistic anthropology and social semiotics have all attempted, in various ways and at various times, to find a way to describe as much as possible that is going on around any speech event. While this search for the total linguistic fact will always be a chimerical goal, this paper proposes a framework based on the acronym SEMIOSIS as one way of grasping the complexity of what is at play, comprising social relations, emotional and sensorial engagement, mobility, Iterative activity, objects and assemblages, socio- and translingual practices, interactivity, and spatial repertoires. Looking at data from a small Bangladeshi-run store in Tokyo, the paper shows how bringing in this wider set of concerns at least allows for a more comprehensive account of sociolinguistic moments.

Sources of Information about the Speech Situation of Insults When Solving Expert Problems

The article deals with a classification of sources of information about the verbal situation of an insult, which is subject to research during the production of a forensic linguistic examination. The objective side of the crimes established by Articles 319 and 297 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is verbal aggression, expressed in insulting a representative of the authorities, participants in the trial, and persons involved in the administration of justice. The author examines various ways of fixing the speech situation of an insult and information about it and also puts forward a hypothesis about the possibility of carrying out a linguistic study of a conflict speech event recorded in the testimony of participants in criminal proceedings while observing a certain order of registration of a procedural document

Potret Tuturan Direktif Kata Pengantar: Portofolio Mata Kuliah Membaca Menulis Bahasa Jawa

Directive speech is understood as a speech event (behavior) that aims to create or appear a certain action desired by the speaker to the speech partner. Communication carried out by two parties requires an understanding of the language knowledge of the parties concerned. The purpose of the research is to describe the form, function, and strategy of directive speech contained in the introduction to a portfolio of Javanese reading and writing courses. The method used is descriptive method because it is adjusted to the objectives to be achieved. The literature study technique used by the researcher is done by collecting materials from various written sources, with the library study technique the role of the researcher is very influential with the results presented. The data analysis technique used by the researcher begins with carefully reading all the collected data, then data reduction is carried out, and the data is ready to be presented. The results of the study are indicated by the situation of speech forms which are marked by certain words, speech functions are characterized by the dominance of sentences in the collected data, and speech strategies are indicated by the dominance of understanding the context that is raised by the speaker to his interlocutor. Keywords: foreword, Javanese language portfolio, directive speech Abstrak: Tuturan direktif dipahami sebagai peristiwa (perilaku) bertutur yang bertujuan untuk penciptaan atau pemunculan adanya suatu tindakan tertentu yang dikehendaki oleh penutur kepada mitra tutur. Komunikasi yang dilakukan oleh dua pihak diharuskan ada pemahaman pengetahuan bahasa atas pihak terkait. Tujuan dari penelitian yakni dipaparkannya bentuk, fungsi, dan strategi dari tuturan direktif yang terdapat dalam kata pengantar portofolio mata kuliah membaca menulis bahasa Jawa. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif, karena disesuaikan dengan tujuan yang akan dicapai. Teknik studi kepustakaan yang digunakan peneliti dilakukan dengan cara dikumpulkannya bahan dari berbagai sumber tertulis, dengan teknik studi kepustakaan peran yang dimiliki peneliti sangat berpengaruh dengan hasil yang disajikan. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan peneliti diawali dengan dibaca cermat seluruh data terkumpul, kemudian dilakukan reduksi data, dan data siap untuk disajikan. Hasil dari penelitian ditunjukkan dengan situasi bentuk tuturan yang ditandai kata tertentu, fungsi tuturan ditandai dengan dominasi kalimat pada data terkumpul, dan strategi tuturan ditunjukkan dengan dominasi pemahaman konteks yang dimunculkan oleh penutur kepada mitra tuturnya. Kata kunci: kata pengantar, portofolio bahasa Jawa, tuturan direktif

Footing and Speech Acts in the Qurʼanic Dialogue of Allah and Iblīs: A Pragmatically Enhanced Approach

This study seeks to examine the interface potentially holding between footing and the speech acts performed in the main Qurʼanic dialogue of Allah and Iblīs (Q15:32-43). The study utilizes a synthetic approach that combines two theoretical strands: (i) Erving Goffman’s (1979, 1981) interaction model of footing as orchestrated by the speaker roles of animator, author, and principal; (ii) Searle’s (1976) classification scheme of illocutionary acts and their felicity conditions. Crucially, the pragmatically enhanced footing analysis of the Qurʼanic speech event that binds Allah and Iblīs has demonstrated how the two participants perform illocutionary acts that determine their theologically felicitous speaker roles as animator, author, and/or principal. Five categories of illocutionary acts have been identified in the overall participation framework of the dialogue: expressives, directives, declarations, representatives, and commissives. Based on these categories, both Allah and Iblīs have performed acts as authors, whose utterances are animated via the reportorial style of the Qurʼanic text; further, the perlocutions of certain acts have manifested the discursive positions of each participant in a way that reflects his manipulating speaker role in the speech event.

DAKWAH BIL QOLAM : KAJIAN KOMUNIKASI PROF. DR. SAYYID MUHAMMAD BIN ALAWI AL-MALIKI AL-HASANI DALAM KITAB MAFAHIM YAJIBU AN- TUSOHHAH TENTANG KESALAHAN PARAMETER PEMVONISAN KAFIR DAN SESAT

Fokus masalah yang diteliti adalah bagaimana komunikasi Prof. Dr. As-Sayyid Muhammad bin Alawi Al-Maliky AL-Hasani yang ada pada kitab Mafahim Yajibu An-Tushohhah, sehingga dalam menjawab permasalahan yang ada, peneliti menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif dengan mengacu pada salah satu jenis penelitian media yakni analisis isi dengan analisis wacana model Dell Hymes Komunikasi Ethnografi (Ethnography Communication), model ini menekankan pada aspek bahasa dan komunikasi yang menggunakan 8 elemen wacana secara umum yaitu Setting/scene, Participants, Ends, Act Sequence, Keys, Instrumentalities, Norms of Interaction dan Genre. Alhasil, penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komunikasi dakwah Pof. Dr. As- Sayyid Muhammad bin Alawi Al-Maliky Al-Hasani dari perspektif Ways of Speaking : Pola komunikasi yang digunakan beliau adalah ketegasan, lembut dan bijaksana, Ideal of Fluent Speaker : Komunikasi yang dimiliki beliau sebagai contoh bagi komunikator lainnya adalah memaparkan materi dengan singkat dan jelas beserta bukti-bukti realita begitu pula harus berkeilmuan, Speech Community: Komunikan yang dituju oleh beliau prihal yang jelas perlu diluruskan, Speech Situation : Beliau sangat mengetahui keadaan komunikan, Speech Event: Permasalahan yang beliau tulis dalam kitabnya memang pantas diangkat, Speech Art : Komunikasi beliau fokus apa yang dibahas dan tidak pernah menyalahkan pembesar-pembesar suatu kelompok, Component of Speech Act : Komponen komunikasi beliau sesuai dengan apa yang dibutuhkan masyarakat, The Rules of Speaking in The Community : Komunikasi beliau tidak sampai memojokkan komunikan sehingga komunikan merasa direndahkan, The Function of Speech in The Community : Beliau selalu memberikan solusi yang baik bagi semua pihak.Kata Kunci: Komunikasi;Kitab Mafahim Yajibu An Tushohah