scholarly journals Computational modelling of spoken-word recognition processes

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odette Scharenborg ◽  
Lou Boves
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Spoken Word Recognition ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Recognition Process ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Plausibility

Computational modelling has proven to be a valuable approach in developing theories of spoken-word processing. In this paper, we focus on a particular class of theories in which it is assumed that the spoken-word recognition process consists of two consecutive stages, with an ‘abstract’ discrete symbolic representation at the interface between the stages. In evaluating computational models, it is important to bring in independent arguments for the cognitive plausibility of the algorithms that are selected to compute the processes in a theory. This paper discusses the relation between behavioural studies, theories, and computational models of spoken-word recognition. We explain how computational models can be assessed in terms of the goodness of fit with the behavioural data and the cognitive plausibility of the algorithms. An in-depth analysis of several models provides insights into how computational modelling has led to improved theories and to a better understanding of the human spoken-word recognition process.

Spoken word processing in bilingual older adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra Titone ◽  
Julie Mercier ◽  
Aruna Sudarshan ◽  
Irina Pivneva ◽  
Jason Gullifer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Word Recognition ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Spoken Word Recognition ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Language Competition ◽  
Cross Language

Abstract We investigated whether bilingual older adults experience within- and cross-language competition during spoken word recognition similarly to younger adults matched on age of second language (L2) acquisition, objective and subjective L2 proficiency, and current L2 exposure. In a visual world eye-tracking paradigm, older and younger adults, who were French-dominant or English-dominant English-French bilinguals, listened to English words, and looked at pictures including the target (field), a within-language competitor (feet) or cross-language (French) competitor (fille, “girl”), and unrelated filler pictures while their eye movements were monitored. Older adults showed evidence of greater within-language competition as a function of increased target and competitor phonological overlap. There was some evidence of age-related differences in cross-language competition, however, it was quite small overall and varied as a function of target language proficiency. These results suggest that greater within- and possibly cross-language lexical competition during spoken word recognition may underlie some of the communication difficulties encountered by healthy bilingual older adults.

Word recognition from acoustic onsets and acoustic offsets: Effects of cohort size and syllabic stress

1997 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Wingfield ◽  
Harold Goodglass ◽  
Kimberly C. Lindfield
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Spoken Word Recognition ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Stress Pattern ◽  
Cohort Size ◽  
Initial Information ◽  
Spoken Words ◽  
Word Onset ◽  
Target Words

ABSTRACTIn the traditional gating technique, subjects hear increasing amounts of word-onset information from spoken words until the words can be correctly identified. The experiment reported here contrasted word-onset gating with results when words were gated from their word endings. A significant recognition advantage for words gated from their onsets was demonstrated. This effect was eliminated, however, when we took into account the number of word possibilities that shared overlapping phonology and the same stress pattern as the target words at their recognition points. These results support the position that the perceptual advantage of word-initial information can be understood within a general goodness-of-fit model of spoken word recognition.

scholarly journals Spoken Word Processing in Bilingual Older Adults: Assessing Within-and Cross-Language Competition using the Visual World Task

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra Titone ◽  
Jason Gullifer ◽  
Shari Baum
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Word Recognition ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Spoken Word Recognition ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Visual World ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Language Competition ◽  
Cross Language

We investigated whether bilingual older adults experience within- and cross-language competition during spoken word recognition similarly to younger adults matched on age of second language (L2) acquisition, objective and subjective L2 proficiency, and current L2 exposure. In a visual world eye-tracking paradigm, older and younger adults, who were French-dominant or English-dominant English-French bilinguals, listened to English words, and looked at pictures including the target (field), a within-language competitor (feet) or cross-language (French) competitor (fille, “girl”), and unrelated filler pictures while their eye movements were monitored. Older adults showed evidence of greater within-language competition as a function of increased target and competitor phonological overlap. There was some evidence of age-related differences in cross-language competition, however, it was quite small overall and varied as a function of target language proficiency. These results suggest that greater within- and possibly cross-language lexical competition during spoken word recognition may underlie some of the communication difficulties encountered by healthy bilingual older adults.

scholarly journals Why not model spoken word recognition instead of phoneme monitoring?

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-350
Author(s):  
Jean Vroomen ◽  
Beatrice de Gelder
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Word Recognition ◽  
Spoken Word Recognition ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Phoneme Recognition ◽  
Decision Stage ◽  
Recognition Process ◽  
Monitoring Task ◽  
Phoneme Monitoring

Norris, McQueen & Cutler present a detailed account of the decision stage of the phoneme monitoring task. However, we question whether this contributes to our understanding of the speech recognition process itself, and we fail to see why phonotactic knowledge is playing a role in phoneme recognition.

scholarly journals Morphological priming without semantic relationship in Hebrew spoken word recognition

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Jonathan Geary ◽  
Adam Ussishkin
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Lexical Processing ◽  
Spoken Word Recognition ◽  
Masked Priming ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Auditory Modality ◽  
Semantic Relationship ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
Morphological Priming

We report on an auditory masked priming study designed to test the contributions of semantics and morphology to spoken word recognition in Hebrew. Thirty-one native Hebrew speakers judged the lexicality of Hebrew words that were primed by words which either share their root morpheme and a transparent semantic relationship with the target (e.g. poreʦ פּורץ ‘burglar’ priming priʦa פּריצה ‘burglary’) or share their root morpheme but lack a transparent semantic relationship with the target (e.g. mifraʦ מפרץ ‘gulf’ priming priʦa פּריצה ‘burglary’). We found facilitatory priming by both types of morphological relatives, supporting that semantic overlap is not required for morphological priming in Hebrew spoken word recognition. Thus, our results extend the findings of Frost, Forster, & Deutsch’s (1997) Experiment 5 to the auditory modality, while avoiding confounds between root priming and Hebrew’s abjad orthography associated with the visual masked priming paradigm. Further, our results are inconsistent with models of word processing which treat morphological priming as reflecting form and semantic coactivation, and instead support an independent role for root morphology in Hebrew lexical processing.

scholarly journals COSMO-Onset: A Neurally-Inspired Computational Model of Spoken Word Recognition, Combining Top-Down Prediction and Bottom-Up Detection of Syllabic Onsets

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamady Nabé ◽  
Jean-Luc Schwartz ◽  
Julien Diard
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Spoken Word Recognition ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Theta Oscillations ◽  
Onset Detection ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Oscillatory Processes

Recent neurocognitive models commonly consider speech perception as a hierarchy of processes, each corresponding to specific temporal scales of collective oscillatory processes in the cortex: 30–80 Hz gamma oscillations in charge of phonetic analysis, 4–9 Hz theta oscillations in charge of syllabic segmentation, 1–2 Hz delta oscillations processing prosodic/syntactic units and the 15–20 Hz beta channel possibly involved in top-down predictions. Several recent neuro-computational models thus feature theta oscillations, driven by the speech acoustic envelope, to achieve syllabic parsing before lexical access. However, it is unlikely that such syllabic parsing, performed in a purely bottom-up manner from envelope variations, would be totally efficient in all situations, especially in adverse sensory conditions. We present a new probabilistic model of spoken word recognition, called COSMO-Onset, in which syllabic parsing relies on fusion between top-down, lexical prediction of onset events and bottom-up onset detection from the acoustic envelope. We report preliminary simulations, analyzing how the model performs syllabic parsing and phone, syllable and word recognition. We show that, while purely bottom-up onset detection is sufficient for word recognition in nominal conditions, top-down prediction of syllabic onset events allows overcoming challenging adverse conditions, such as when the acoustic envelope is degraded, leading either to spurious or missing onset events in the sensory signal. This provides a proposal for a possible computational functional role of top-down, predictive processes during speech recognition, consistent with recent models of neuronal oscillatory processes.

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