The Sensory Trigeminal System in Birds: Input, Organization and Effects of Peripheral Damage. A Review

Chemesthesis, along with taste and olfaction, is a primary component of flavor that engages the trigeminal system through specific chemical binding. For instance, many gums or confectionaries incorporate chemical cooling agents, such as Wilkinson Sword (WS) compounds, to create the sensation of coldness. The current study was designed to evaluate crossmodal associations of color and aroma with the chemesthetic perception of cooling. A “minty” and non-odorized set of confectionary stimuli, colored green, blue or white, with moderate cooling properties (with WS-3) were used in this study. In the first session, participants were randomly presented a stimuli and asked to rate several attributes including its cooling intensity on a generalized Labeled Magnitude Scale (gLMS). In the second session, the same participants were asked to relate cooling levels to different colors and which color relates to the “minty” odor. Additionally, open-ended reasons were given for association choices. Appearance and odor influenced the intensity of cooling sensation. In particular, the odorized and blue samples were rated as cooler than the non-odorized and other colored samples, respectively. The follow-up session confirms blue as a color associated with cooling properties, especially cool objects/abstract concepts. Meanwhile, odor’s enhancement on cooling sensation may be more perceptual in nature through affective matching from enhanced flavor.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Robust temporal coding in the trigeminal system.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1019976.227486 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Leonard Maler

Keyword(s):

Temporal Coding ◽

Trigeminal System

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The Trigeminal System in Birds and Nociception

Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/187152409788452072 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 150-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jacob Dubbeldam

Keyword(s):

Trigeminal System

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The trigeminal system: The meningovascular complex— A review

Journal of Anatomy ◽

10.1111/joa.13413 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Louis‐Marie Terrier ◽

Nouchine Hadjikhani ◽

Stéphane Velut ◽

Caroline Magnain ◽

Aymeric Amelot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trigeminal System

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A CACNA1A variant associated with trigeminal neuralgia alters the gating of Cav2.1 channels

Molecular Brain ◽

10.1186/s13041-020-00725-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Eder Gambeta ◽

Maria A. Gandini ◽

Ivana A. Souza ◽

Laurent Ferron ◽

Gerald W. Zamponi

Keyword(s):

Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽

Missense Mutation ◽

Neurotransmitter Release ◽

Trigeminal System ◽

Wild Type ◽

Calcium Dependent ◽

Whole Cell Patch Clamp ◽

C Terminus ◽

Dependent Inactivation

AbstractA novel missense mutation in the CACNA1A gene that encodes the pore forming α1 subunit of the CaV2.1 voltage-gated calcium channel was identified in a patient with trigeminal neuralgia. This mutation leads to a substitution of proline 2455 by histidine (P2455H) in the distal C-terminus region of the channel. Due to the well characterized role of this channel in neurotransmitter release, our aim was to characterize the biophysical properties of the P2455H variant in heterologously expressed CaV2.1 channels. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings of wild type and mutant CaV2.1 channels expressed in tsA-201 cells reveal that the mutation mediates a depolarizing shift in the voltage-dependence of activation and inactivation. Moreover, the P2455H mutant strongly reduced calcium-dependent inactivation of the channel that is consistent with an overall gain of function. Hence, the P2455H CaV2.1 missense mutation alters the gating properties of the channel, suggesting that associated changes in CaV2.1-dependent synaptic communication in the trigeminal system may contribute to the development of trigeminal neuralgia.

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Trigeminal Control of Cranio-Facial Vasomotor Response: I. Histamine Test in Patients with Unilateral Gasserian Ganglion Lesions

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1046/j.1468-2982.1984.0404243.x ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 243-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Milena De Marinis ◽

Nicola Martucci ◽

Franco Maria Gagliardi ◽

Massimo Feliciani ◽

Alessandro Agnoli

Keyword(s):

Intravenous Injection ◽

Cerebral Arteries ◽

Trigeminal System ◽

Gasserian Ganglion ◽

Vasomotor Response ◽

Unilateral Headache ◽

Sensory Pathway

It has been hypothesized that the trigeminal system may control vasomotor changes and pain in vascular headaches. In this study, headache was induced by an intravenous injection of histamine in 37 patients with trigeminal rhizotomy and in 12 controls. The vasomotor response to histamine was studied with facial telethermography. The headache in patients with trigeminal lesions differed, in a prevalence of unilateral localization contralaterally to the operated side (21 patients), from that in controls. No relationship was found between the hypoesthesia caused by the operation and the prevalence of unilateral headache. A statistically significant correlation ( p < 0.001) was found between unilateral absence of headache and decreased vasomotor response on the operated side. These reactions occurred more in patients who underwent thermocoagulation than in patients who underwent retro-gasserian rhizotomy. Thus the gasserian ganglion seems to control the cranio-facial vasomotor response and the headache through a vascular pathway, acting on cerebral arteries, which differs from the sensory pathway.

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No Evidence That Hormonal Contraceptives Affect Chemosensory Perception

i-Perception ◽

10.1177/2041669520983339 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 204166952098333

Author(s):

Martin Schaefer ◽

Behzad Iravani ◽

Artin Arshamian ◽

Johan N. Lundström

Keyword(s):

Potential Effect ◽

Bayes Factors ◽

Taste Perception ◽

Hormonal Contraceptives ◽

Trigeminal System ◽

Odor Perception ◽

Chemosensory Perception ◽

Long Time ◽

Taste Detection ◽

Taste Thresholds

The use of oral contraceptives (OC) in the form of a hormonal pill has been widespread for decades. Despite its popularity and long-time use, there is still much ambiguity and anecdotal reports about a range of potential side effects. Here, we addressed the potential effect of OC use on chemosensory perception. Previous research has almost exclusively focused on olfaction, but we expanded this to the trigeminal system and the sense of taste. We used Bayesian statistics to compare the olfactory, trigeminal, and taste detection abilities between a group of 34 normal cycling women and a group of 26 women using OC. Our results indicated that odor, trigeminal, and taste thresholds were not affected by the use of OC. Moreover, neither odor perception, nor taste perception was affected; all with Bayes factors consistently favoring the null hypothesis. The only exception to these results was odor identification where Bayes factors indicated inconclusive evidence. We conclude that effects of OC use on chemosensory perception are unlikely, and if present, likely are of no to little behavioral relevance.

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