The Effect of Odor and Color on Chemical Cooling

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Pellegrino ◽  
Curtis Luckett
Keyword(s):  
Primary Component ◽  
Magnitude Scale ◽  
Trigeminal System ◽  
Abstract Concepts ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Chemical Binding ◽  
Cooling Intensity ◽  
Crossmodal Associations ◽  
First Session

Chemesthesis, along with taste and olfaction, is a primary component of flavor that engages the trigeminal system through specific chemical binding. For instance, many gums or confectionaries incorporate chemical cooling agents, such as Wilkinson Sword (WS) compounds, to create the sensation of coldness. The current study was designed to evaluate crossmodal associations of color and aroma with the chemesthetic perception of cooling. A “minty” and non-odorized set of confectionary stimuli, colored green, blue or white, with moderate cooling properties (with WS-3) were used in this study. In the first session, participants were randomly presented a stimuli and asked to rate several attributes including its cooling intensity on a generalized Labeled Magnitude Scale (gLMS). In the second session, the same participants were asked to relate cooling levels to different colors and which color relates to the “minty” odor. Additionally, open-ended reasons were given for association choices. Appearance and odor influenced the intensity of cooling sensation. In particular, the odorized and blue samples were rated as cooler than the non-odorized and other colored samples, respectively. The follow-up session confirms blue as a color associated with cooling properties, especially cool objects/abstract concepts. Meanwhile, odor’s enhancement on cooling sensation may be more perceptual in nature through affective matching from enhanced flavor.

scholarly journals THE USE OF PHET SIMULATION ON PHYSICS CHAPTER WAVE AND VIBRATION IN 3T REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-337
Author(s):  
Indah Slamet Budiarti ◽  
Albert Lumbu
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Virtual Laboratory ◽  
Abstract Concepts ◽  
Physics Teachers ◽  
Local Service ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Service Activity ◽  
Laboratory Training

Learning to use PhET as a virtual laboratory can improve students’ understanding of abstract concepts or material that is difficult to experiment in a real laboratory. The purpose of this local service activity is to conduct training for teachers and students at SMAN 1 Nimboran, Jayapura Regency. This is to find out how the implementation of the PhET Simulation learning media in the 3T region which stands for terdepan (frontier), terpencil (remote), and tertinggal (disadvantaged) in Indonesia. This service activity was attended by physics teachers and students of class XI-IPA at SMAN 1 Nimboran, Jayapura Regency. The method of this activity is carried out in the form of virtual laboratory training through PhET Simulation, face-to-face/offline at SMAN 1 Nimboran. The success of this training program for teachers and students can be seen from the enthusiasm and attainment of skills to use PhET Simulation smoothly. Students better understand the concepts of vibration and waves through simulation. The plan for the next stage of this service activity is to follow up for other subjects and 3T area.

scholarly journals Patients’ follow-up using biomechanical analysis of rehabilitation exercises

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Bonnechère ◽  
Bart Jansen ◽  
Lubos Omelina ◽  
Victor Sholukha ◽  
Serge Van Sint Jan
Keyword(s):  
Serious Games ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Rehabilitation Process ◽  
Biomechanical Evaluation ◽  
Rehabilitation Exercises ◽  
First Session

Thanks to the evolution of game controllers video games are becoming more and more popular in physical rehabilitation. The integration of serious games in rehabilitation has been tested for various pathologies. Parallel to this clinical research, a lot of studies have been done in order to validate the use of these game controllers for simple biomechanical evaluation. Currently, it is thus possible to record the motions performed by the patients during serious gaming exercises for later analysis. Therefore, data collected during the exercises could be used for monitoring the evolution of the patients during long term rehabilitation. Before using the parameters extracted from the games to assess patients’ evolution two important aspects must be verified: the reproducibility of measurement and a possible effect of learning of the task to be performed. Ten healthy adults played 9 sessions of specific games developed for rehabilitation over a 3-weeks period. Nineteen healthy children played 2 sessions to study the influence of age. Different parameters were extracted from the games: time, range of motion, reaching area. Results of this study indicates that it is possible to follow the evolution of the patients during the rehabilitation process. The majority of the learning effect occurred during the very first session. Therefore, in order to allow proper regular monitoring, the results of this first session should not be included in the follow-up of the patient.

Effets du Renforcement Positif, de la Punition et du Contrôle Du Stimulus Dans Le Traitement d'un Tiqueur

1976 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-228
Author(s):  
Gilles Trudel ◽  
André Soulières ◽  
Gilles Gaudette
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Control ◽  
Positive Reinforcement ◽  
Psychotic Patient ◽  
Behaviour Problems ◽  
Progressive Decrease ◽  
First Session

Two procedures were used to treat tics in a psychotic patient who also had many severe behaviour problems. The first step in the treatment consisted of a technique based on positive reinforcement and punishment. Applying this technique, the tics were almost eliminated at the termination of the first session. However, the withdrawal of this technique at the thirteenth session resulted in a significant increase in the frequency of tics. A technique based on stimulus control begun at the fourteenth session and continued until termination of the treatment resulted in a progressive decrease in the rate of tics. At the seventeenth session, the withdrawal of this procedure did not cause an important increase in the frequency of tics. This technique was used until the tics disappeared entirely. A two-year follow-up revealed that the patient was free of the symptoms.

scholarly journals A hüvelyi CO2-lézer-kezelés rövid távú hatásai a menopausalis genitourinalis szindróma tüneteire

2019 ◽  
Vol 160 (41) ◽  
pp. 1617-1622
Author(s):  
Bence Kozma ◽  
Róbert Póka ◽  
Attila Sipos ◽  
Nándor Ács ◽  
Péter Takács
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Health Index ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Vas Score ◽  
Vaginal Health ◽  
The University ◽  
Genitourinary Syndrome ◽  
First Session

Abstract: Introduction: Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) affects up to 40–57% of postmenopausal women. Intravaginal microablative fractional CO2 laser is a new proposal for the management of GSM, although the evidence of safety and efficacy of the procedure appears to be insufficient. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of fractional CO2 laser for the treatment of GSM at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the University of Debrecen. Method: Postmenopausal women with symptoms of GSM underwent three sessions of microablative fractional rejuvenation CO2 laser therapy at 4–6 weeks intervals. Vaginal health index (VHI) scores were completed before each treatment and at 6 weeks follow-up as an objective measurement and visual analog scale was used to assess subjective complaints. Statistical analysis included Student’s paired two-sampling t-test for the measure of statistical significance using the standard cutoff for significance p<0.05. Results: 51 women participated (mean age 57.0 ± 9.9 y). Average VHI score was 14.0 ± 4.9 before treatment, 15.0 ± 4.7 after the first session, 18.2 ± 4.6 after the second treatment and 19.5 ± 4.9 at follow-up. The improvement of VHI score was statistically significant between all sessions. Average VAS score was 15.6 ± 14.1 before treatment, 9.0 ± 10.8 after the first session, 5.9 ± 9.2 after the second treatment and 3.4 ± 7.5 at follow-up. The improvement of VAS score was statistically also significant between all sessions. Conclusions: Our study suggests that the fractional CO2 laser is an effective and safe treatment of symptoms associated with GSM. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(41): 1617–1622.

scholarly journals Implication of Buteyko Breathing Technique in Asthmatic Population: A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 515-521
Author(s):  
Saloni Patil ◽  
P. Shilna Rani ◽  
K. U. Dhanesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Primary Component ◽  
Experimental Medicine ◽  
Asthma Treatment ◽  
Drug Usage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Breathing Retraining ◽  
Science And Research

Background: Complementary and experimental medicine is gaining interest in the treatment of asthma around the world. This study summarizes the literature on complementary and alternative medicine approaches that use breathing retraining, i.e Buteyko breathing technique (BBT) as a primary component. Aim: The aim of this research is to provide background for BBT, analyse the available evidence for its efficacy and evaluate the physiological framework behind it. Methods: The analysis of literature is carried out by studying papers from electronic databases such as Cochrane, Medline, Embase, AMED, PEDro, Google Scholar, Elsevier, APTA, Campbell, Web of Science, and Research Gate. Conclusion: Individual studies using BBT consistently showed a reduction in asthma medication use. In either of the BBT experiments, no significant difference in lung ability was found. BBT detractors argue that drug reduction can be due to the physicians' influence, which is difficult to determine. Longer follow-up is needed to show that the improvement in asthma treatment as measured by drug usage is sustained over a clinically appropriate time span.

Overt Behaviors toward the Church by Volunteers, Follow-up Volunteers, and Non-Volunteers in a Church Survey

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 917-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan W. Wicker
Keyword(s):  
Church Attendance ◽  
Questionnaire Study ◽  
Church Members ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
The Church ◽  
First Session

Church members were grouped on the basis of responses to an appeal to participate in a questionnaire study of churches: Initial Ss ( n = 58) attended the first session, Follow-up Ss ( n = 29) participated when subsequent appeals were made, and Refusal Ss ( n = 18) did not participate. Postcard responses to the appeal differed significantly for the 3 groups ( p < .001), but sex of Ss did not. Group means of 6 behavioral measures on contributions to the church and church attendance showed an identical ordering effect: Initial Ss > Follow-up Ss > Refusal Ss. For all 6 measures, p < .05 for analyses of variance.

scholarly journals A dual perspective on first-session therapeutic alliance: strong predictor of youth mental health and addiction treatment outcome

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1593-1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patty van Benthem ◽  
Renske Spijkerman ◽  
Peter Blanken ◽  
Marloes Kleinjan ◽  
Robert R. J. M. Vermeiren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Therapeutic Alliance ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Youth Mental Health ◽  
Dual Perspective ◽  
First Session

Abstract We investigated the potential role of first-session therapeutic alliance ratings to serve as an early marker of treatment outcome in youth mental health and addiction treatment. The present study is among the first to incorporate both a youths’ and a therapists’ perspective of the therapeutic alliance in order to maximize predictive value of the alliance for treatment outcome. One hundred and twenty-seven adolescents participated in a multi-site prospective naturalistic clinical cohort study, with assessments at baseline and at 4 months post-baseline. Main outcome measure was favorable or unfavorable treatment outcome status at 4-month follow-up. Early therapeutic alliance had a medium and robust association with treatment outcome for youth’ (b = 1.29) and therapist’ (b = 1.12) perspectives and treatment setting. Based on the two alliance perspectives four subgroups were distinguished. Incorporating the alliance-ratings from both perspectives provided a stronger predictor of treatment outcome than using one perspective. Youth with a strong alliance according to both perspectives had an eightfold odds of favorable treatment outcome compared with youth with a weak alliance according to both perspectives. The association between therapeutic alliance and treatment outcome in youth mental health and addiction treatment may be substantially stronger than earlier assumed when both a youths’ and therapists’ perspective on alliance is considered.

Evaluation of microvascular decompression and partial sensory rhizotomy in 252 cases of trigeminal neuralgia

1989 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua B. Bederson ◽  
Charles B. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Microvascular Decompression ◽  
Nerve Root ◽  
Trigeminal System ◽  
Vascular Compression ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Mean

✓ Outcome after 252 posterior fossa explorations for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia was determined by a retrospective review. Patients with distortion of the fifth nerve root caused by extrinsic vascular compression underwent microvascular decompression, those with no compression underwent partial sensory rhizotomy, and those with vascular contact but no distortion of the nerve root underwent decompression and rhizotomy. The mean follow-up period was 5.1 years. An excellent (75%) or good (8%) clinical outcome was achieved in 208 patients; 13 patients (5%) experienced little or no pain relief. Thirty-one patients (12%) suffered recurrent trigeminal neuralgia an average of 1.9 pain-free years after operation; recurrence continued at a rate of approximately 2% per year thereafter. Reoperation for recurrent or persistent pain provided excellent or good results in 85% of reoperated patients, but partial sensory rhizotomy was required in most of these patients. Outcome was affected by previous surgical procedures. A previous percutaneous radiofrequency lesion was associated with a significantly greater incidence of fifth nerve complications and a worse outcome after posterior fossa exploration. Because of this finding, the authors recommend that percutaneous radiofrequency rhizolysis be reserved for patients who have failed posterior fossa exploration or who are not candidates for surgery. Patients with compressive nerve root distortion and a short duration of symptoms before surgery had a significantly better outcome than patients with a longer duration of symptoms. In contrast, there was no relationship between the duration of symptoms and outcome of patients without nerve root distortion. Vascular decompression may cause dysfunction of the trigeminal system in tic douloureux, but in patients who remain untreated for long periods an intrinsic abnormality develops that may perpetuate pain even after microvascular decompression. Posterior fossa exploration is recommended as the procedure of choice for patients with trigeminal neuralgia who are surgical candidates.

scholarly journals Computational Infrared Spectroscopy of 958 Phosphorus-Bearing Molecules

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan C. Zapata Trujillo ◽  
Anna-Maree Syme ◽  
Keiran N. Rowell ◽  
Brendan P. Burns ◽  
Ebubekir S. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Data ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Significant Advance ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Gaseous Mixtures ◽  
Atmospheric Molecules ◽  
Computational Quantum Chemistry ◽  
Machine Learning Applications ◽  
Combination Bands

Phosphine is now well-established as a biosignature, which has risen to prominence with its recent tentative detection on Venus. To follow up this discovery and related future exoplanet biosignature detections, it is important to spectroscopically detect the presence of phosphorus-bearing atmospheric molecules that could be involved in the chemical networks producing, destroying or reacting with phosphine. We start by enumerating phosphorus-bearing molecules (P-molecules) that could potentially be detected spectroscopically in planetary atmospheres and collecting all available spectral data. Gaseous P-molecules are rare, with speciation information scarce. Very few molecules have high accuracy spectral data from experiment or theory; instead, the best current spectral data was obtained using a high-throughput computational algorithm, RASCALL, relying on functional group theory to efficiently produce approximate spectral data for arbitrary molecules based on their component functional groups. Here, we present a high-throughput approach utilizing established computational quantum chemistry methods (CQC) to produce a database of approximate infrared spectra for 958 P-molecules. These data are of interest for astronomy and astrochemistry (importantly identifying potential ambiguities in molecular assignments), improving RASCALL's underlying data, big data spectral analysis and future machine learning applications. However, this data will probably not be sufficiently accurate for secure experimental detections of specific molecules within complex gaseous mixtures in laboratory or astronomy settings. We chose the strongly performing harmonic ωB97X-D/def2-SVPD model chemistry for all molecules and test the more sophisticated and time-consuming GVPT2 anharmonic model chemistry for 250 smaller molecules. Limitations to our automated approach, particularly for the less robust GVPT2 method, are considered along with pathways to future improvements. Our CQC calculations significantly improve on existing RASCALL data by providing quantitative intensities, new data in the fingerprint region (crucial for molecular identification) and higher frequency regions (overtones, combination bands), and improved data for fundamental transitions based on the specific chemical environment. As the spectroscopy of most P-molecules have never been studied outside RASCALL and this approach, the new data in this paper is the most accurate spectral data available for most P-molecules and represent a significant advance in the understanding of the spectroscopic behavior of these molecules.

Association between pericoronary adipose tissue attenuation and outcome after second-generation cryoballoon ablation for atrial fibrillation

2021 ◽  
pp. 20210361
Author(s):  
Kai Nogami ◽  
Tomoyo Sugiyama ◽  
Yoshihisa Kanaji ◽  
Masahiro Hoshino ◽  
Satoshi Hara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Cryoballoon Ablation ◽  
Prior Stroke ◽  
Af Recurrence ◽  
First Session

Objectives: Previous studies reported the association between inflammation and atrial fibrillation (AF). Pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) attenuation, PCATA, on cardiac CT angiography (CTA) reflects pericoronary inflammation. We hypothesized that the PCATA predicts AF recurrence after cryoballoon ablation (CBA) for paroxysmal and persistent AF. Methods: We studied 364 patients (median age, 65 years) with persistent (n = 41) and paroxysmal (n = 323) AF undergoing successful first-session second-generation CBA with pre-ablation cardiac CTA. Three-vessel (3V)-PCATA was defined as the mean CT attenuation value of PCAT of all three major coronary arteries. Predictors of AF recurrence during follow-up were evaluated. Results: AF recurrence after the 3-month blanking period was detected in 90 patients (24.7%) during the median follow-up of 26 (interquartile range, 19–42) months. AF recurrence was associated with prior stroke and statin use, NT-proBNP and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin-I levels, left ventricular dimension, left atrial volume index (LAVI), 3V-PCATA, and early AF recurrence during the blanking period. On multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis, prior stroke (hazard ratio [HR], 2.208, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.166–4.180, p = 0.015), LAVI (HR, 1.030, 95% CI, 1.010–1.051, p = 0.003), 3V-PCATA (HR, 1.034, 95% CI, 1.001–1.069, p = 0.046), and early AF recurrence (HR, 2.858, 95% CI, 1.855–4.405, p < 0.001) remained statistically significant. Conclusion: Pre-ablation CTA-derived 3V-PCATA, representing pericoronary inflammation, was an independent predictor of recurrence after first-session AF ablation using a second-generation cryoballoon. Advances in knowledge: Assessment of 3V-PCATA may identify patients at high risk of AF recurrence after CBA for AF.

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