The need for new approaches for management of potato cyst nematodes: the view from the Rhineland-Palatinate.

Potato is an important crop throughout Europe and especially in Germany where potatoes are grown on over 250,000 hectares. The production of potato worldwide is negatively affected by the presence of the golden and the white potato cyst nematodes (PCN) Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida. The two species originated in South America. PCN is present with restricted distribution in all counties in Germany where potato is produced and these infestations are strictly regulated. Both species are present and often in mixed populations. Potato yield and overall production is negatively impacted by both species of PCN from planting to harvest, but there are differences in importance within the country and on crop type. This chapter discusses the economic importance, host range, distribution, symptoms of damage, biology and life cycle, integrated nematode management (including the use of nematicides, resistant cultivars and rotation), and interactions with other nematodes and pathogens, of PCN. Results are also summarized of field trials conducted between 2010 and 2017 to compare the efficacy of resistant cultivars and nematicide Nemathorin 10G with the alternative control techniques biofumigation and sowing of Solanum sisymbriifolium that has PCN suppressive activity.