Documentation landscape for plant genetic resources - focus on in situ and on-farm.

Plant genetic resources (PGRs) play an important role in agriculture, environment protection, cultural property and trade; they need to be conserved. There are two fundamental approaches for the conservation of PGRs: in situ and ex situ. In situ conservation is the conservation of ecosystems and natural habitats and the maintenance and recovery of viable populations of species in their natural surroundings. Ex situ preservation is the storage of seeds or plant materials under artificial conditions to maintain their long term viability and availability for use. Genebanks employ seed storage, field collections of living plants and in vitro storage (tissue culture or cryopreservation) for ex situ preservation of PGR. Storage of orthodox seeds, which are tolerant to low moisture content and low temperatures at appropriate temperature and humidity, is the most convenient ex situ conservation method. Plants that produce recalcitrant seeds or non-viable seeds are conserved in field genebanks as well as in-vitro in slow growth media for short-to-medium term and cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen at -1960C for long-term periods. Cryopreservation is very expensive and needs trained personnel; this could explain why this method is rarely used for conservation of plant genetic resources in most developing countries. Potato tubers are bulky and highly perishable; the crop is generally conserved as clones either in field genebanks (with annual replanting), in-vitro conservation in slow growth media for short-to-medium term and cryopreservation for long term. Field genebanks are expensive to maintain and the crop is exposed to many dangers; hence, cryopreservation is the only feasible method for long term conservation. However, given the high cost of cryopreservation, long-term conservation of potato genetic resources is poorly developed in most resource-poor countries leading to high rates of genetic erosion. This paper looks into the various methods that that can be applied to conserve potato genetic resources and the status of conservation of potatoes in major genebanks and some countries.

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Home Gardens and In Situ Conservation of Plant Genetic Resources in Farming Systems. Proceedings of the Second International Home Gardens Workshop, 17–19 July 2001, Witzenhausen, Federal Republic of Germany. Edited by J. W. Watson and P. B. Eyzaguirre. Rome: IPGRI (2002), pp. 184, no price quoted. ISBN 92-9043-517-8.

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479702251054 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 110-110

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Federal Republic ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

In Situ Conservation ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Home Gardens ◽

Federal Republic Of Germany ◽

Second International

Readers may be interested to know about the above publication received but not reviewed because of its limited relevance to the majority of readers of Experimental Agriculture.

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The relationship between national plant genetic resources programmes and practitioners promoting on-farm management: results from a global survey

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262113000269 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 143-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Linn Borgen Nilsen ◽

Abishkar Subedi ◽

Mohammad Ehsan Dulloo ◽

Kakoli Ghosh ◽

Jorge Chavez-Tafur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Sustainable Use ◽

Farm Management ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Global Survey ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

National Programmes ◽

Wide Range ◽

On Farm

A global survey was conducted among a wide range of stakeholders to gain insight into the state of on-farm management (OFM) as a strategy for enhancing the conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (PGRFA). The results show that OFM is not considered a priority in national PGRFA programmes (NPGRPs), and that OFM practitioners and their organizations are not always aware of, or involved in, NPGRPs. The survey also highlighted the lack of awareness, understanding and collaboration between OFM practitioners and the managers and policy-makers associated with NPGRPs. The outcome of the analysis supports a hypothesis that OFM is, to a large extent, supported by stakeholders who are not directly engaged in the conservation and use of PGRFA, and therefore not associated with NPGRPs. This should be taken into consideration when seeking to improve the performance and impact of national programmes, and their commitment to safeguard PGRFA and contribute to food security, poverty alleviation and sustainable agriculture.

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Creation of a Network of Seed Sites for In-Situ Conservation of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Genetic Resources in Lithuania

Botanica ◽

10.2478/botlit-2018-0008 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 87-97 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Juozas Labokas ◽

Birutė Karpavičienė

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

World Health ◽

Dual Function ◽

Aromatic Plant ◽

Priority List ◽

National Priority ◽

National Priority List

AbstractTwenty six seed (genetic) sites were established for long-term in-situ conservation of medicinal and aromatic plant (MAP) genetic resources in Lithuania over the period 2006–2017. The sites vary in size from 0.4 to 38.0 ha with an average of 7.2 ha. Most of the sites (73%) occur in the existing protected areas. They represent 10 of 22 physical geographical areas of Lithuania and accommodate 120 priority MAP species, which is about 89% of the national priority list. Prioritization of MAP species was based on the monographs of European Pharmacopoeia, European Medicines Agency, World Health Organization as well as German Phytotherapeutic Monographs and other regional and national medicinal plant references. A concept was followed of the dual function and perception of food as medicine, and, vice versa, an approach based on a co-evolutionary relationship between human food and medicine. It was established that only 46 priority species, or 34% of the national priority list, were represented by five and more populations, which is considered as minimum for long-term in-situ conservation. The future conservation planning efforts should focus on at least 15 unrepresented species, 49 species represented at 1–2 sites each and 25 species represented at 3–4 sites each. The MAP site network should expand by covering preferably the remaining 12 physical geographical areas of the country.

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Plant introduction as a priority direction of scientific and practical activity of the National Centre for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine

Genetičnì resursi roslin (Plant Genetic Resources) ◽

10.36814/pgr.2019.24.01 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 11-25

Author(s):

V.K. Riabchun ◽

N.V. Kuzmyshyna ◽

R.L, Boguslavskyi ◽

O.M. Bezuglaya ◽

V.M. Bondarenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Gene Pool ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

In Situ Conservation ◽

Plant Introduction ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Biological Traits ◽

Priority Direction

The aim of the article is to summarize the results of plant gene pool samples introduction into the National Plant Genebank from different countries and ecological and geographical zones for use in domestic breeding. Results and Discussion. In 2016 – 2018, 5984 samples were introduced to the Centre for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine using various information sources, including 2093 samples from Ukraine and 3891 from foreign countries. The greatest samples variety was attracted by cereals, leguminous, fodder, medicinal and essential oil, vegetable and melon crops, corn. Seeds of new forms having valuable properties are attached from research and breeding institutions of Ukraine. The samples of foreign origin were most actively introduced through cooperation with research institutions of Russia, Belarus, and Moldova. A significant number of samples came from genebanks in Europe: the Czech Republic, Italy, France, Germany, the Netherlands; Asia: Kazakhstan Turkey, Israel, China as well as from South (Mexico) and North America - USA, Canada. The ways of pre-adaptation and adaptation of samples from geographically remote regions for use in Ukraine are indicated. To collect local cultural and wild-growing samples of different crops, collecting missions were carried out in the central and southern regions of the forest-steppe and northeastern regions of Ukraine during which 1641 gene pool samples were collected. For the Red Book species of plants and species that are not listed in the Red Book of Ukraine but are rare or are threatened with extinction under natural conditions, a points have been identified for possible arrangement of in situ conservation reserves. A number of objects with a rich genetic diversity of fodder and medicinal plants have been identified, on which it is necessary to monitor coenoses and ensure in situ conservation. The introduced samples were transferred for use in research and breeding programs in Ukraine. Conclusions. The definition of a model of ecologically adapted in Ukraine genotypes of different crops that are carriers of valuable traits from countries with similar climatic conditions as well as from geographically remote regions, has made it possible to increase the efficiency of introduction and to more specifically search and attract to the National Genebank the plant samples with the necessary manifestation levels of economic and biological traits.

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