Feasibility of Conservation of Horticultural Genetic Resources in In Situ/On Farm

This chapter summarizes a sample of variety evaluation, experimental design, and breeding method innovations that have served as solid approaches for participatory plant breeding (PPB) efforts. With success in PPB comes success in conservation at a local level of useful alleles and allele assemblages in the form of on-farm crop genetic resources. PPB programs of this sort have the potential to add value to local or traditional varieties that might otherwise be abandoned, thus promoting their in situ conservation. This chapter briefly touches on methodologies to assess farmers’ variety preferences. This is followed by sections that highlight some experimental designs for on-farm variety evaluation and farmer-participatory breeding methods for combining in-situ conservation with genetic improvement. Finally, some of the challenges that may limit genetic gain from PPB programs are noted – problems that increase the risk of wholesale replacement of on-farm genetic diversity rather than conservation through improvement.

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IN SITU AND ON-FARM CONSERVATION OF CENTRAL EUROPEAN FRUIT GENETIC RESOURCES

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2011.918.9 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 85-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

F. Paprstein ◽

J. Kloutvor ◽

J. Sedlak ◽

V. Holubec

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Central European ◽

On Farm Conservation ◽

Fruit Genetic Resources ◽

On Farm

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The monitoring, collecting, and conserving of landraces and wild plant genetic resources, in situ, on-farm

Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding ◽

10.17221/2666-cjgpb ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 46 (Special Issue) ◽

pp. S1-S1 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. Holubec

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Wild Plant ◽

On Farm

This article does not have an abstract.

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Documentation landscape for plant genetic resources - focus on in situ and on-farm.

Agrobiodiversity conservation: securing the diversity of crop wild relatives and landraces ◽

10.1079/9781845938512.0243 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 243-248

Author(s):

S. Harrer ◽

F. Begemann ◽

Th. van Hintum

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

On Farm

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Development and Characterization of Wheat-Agropyron cristatum Introgression Lines Induced by Gametocidal Genes and Wheat ph1b Mutant

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11020277 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 277

Author(s):

Alejandro Copete-Parada ◽

Carmen Palomino ◽

Adoración Cabrera

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Agropyron Cristatum ◽

Homologous Gene ◽

Aegilops Cylindrica ◽

Induction Frequency ◽

Structural Aberrations ◽

Translocation Lines ◽

New Germplasm

The P genome of Agropyron cristatum Gaertn. contains many desirable genes that can be utilized as genetic resources to improve wheat. In this research, we used both the gametocidal chromosome 2Cc and the pairing homologous gene (Ph1b) mutant to induce structural aberrations and translocations between wheat and the 4P, 5P, and 6P genome chromosomes. By using the two approaches, a total of 19 wheat-A. cristatum translocations have been identified, in which 13 were induced by the Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring (CS) ph1b mutant (CS ph1b) and six were induced by gametocidal chromosome 2Cc from Aegilops cylindrica Host. The wheat-4P, -5P and -6P A. cristatum translocations were characterized by in situ hybridization and by a set of conserved orthologous set (COS) molecular markers. The aberrations included centromeric translocations, terminal translocations, dicentric translocations, and deletions. The average induction frequency of chromosome structural aberrations was 10.9% using gametocidal 2Cc chromosome and 8.8% using ph1b mutant. The highest frequency obtained was for chromosome 4P using both approaches. All the wheat-A. cristatum translocation lines obtained were valuable for identifying A. cristatum chromosome 4P, 5P, and 6P related genes. In addition, these lines provided genetic resources and new germplasm accessions for the genetic improvement of wheat.

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Mycoplasma hyorhinis as a possible cause of fibrinopurulent meningitis in pigs? - a case series

Porcine Health Management ◽

10.1186/s40813-020-00178-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Moritz Bünger ◽

Rene Brunthaler ◽

Christine Unterweger ◽

Igor Loncaric ◽

Maximiliane Dippel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Case Series ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Mycoplasma Hyorhinis ◽

Case Presentation ◽

Systemic Spread ◽

In Situ Detection ◽

On Farm

Abstract Background Mycoplasma hyorhinis is an invader of the upper respiratory tract in swine that is considered to have ubiquitous distribution. It is mainly known for causing polyserositis and polyarthritis in weaned piglets, even though the mechanisms of systemic spread are not fully understood. Mycoplasma hyorhinis has also been associated with other diseases in pigs such as pneumonia or otitis media, but so far has not been known to cause central nervous disorders. This case series reports the isolation of Mycoplasma hyorhinis from cerebrospinal fluid and/ or meningeal swabs from piglets originating from four different piglet producing farms in Austria. Case presentation On farm 1, coughing, stiff movement and central nervous signs occurred in nursery piglets. Mycoplasma hyorhinis was the only pathogen isolated from meningeal swabs from two piglets showing central nervous signs. Fibrinopurulent leptomeningitis was only observed in one piglet. Only one of two nursery piglets from farm 2 showed mild central nervous signs but no histologic lesions; Mycoplasma hyorhinis was isolated from cerebrospinal fluid of the piglet with neurologic signs. Mycoplasma hyorhinis was isolated from cerebrospinal fluid of all three investigated piglets from farm 3, all of which showed central nervous signs and purulent leptomeningitis. Further, Streptococcus suis was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of one piglet. Fibrinopurulent leptomeningitis was detected in two piglets from farm 4 that had died overnight without showing any clinical signs and Mycoplasma hyorhinis was isolated from meningeal swabs from both piglets. Conclusion While causality has yet to be proven by experimental infection and in situ detection of the pathogen in histologic sections, the findings of this study and the absence of other pathogens suggest Mycoplasma hyorhinis as a potential causative agent of meningitis in swine.

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