Sydney rock oyster farming in Australia.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Nell
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Quality Assurance Program ◽  
First Year ◽  
Water Sampling ◽  
Time To Market ◽  
Profit Margins ◽  
Rock Oyster ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Sampling Programme

Abstract The 120-year-old Sydney rock oyster industry in New South Wales (NSW) and southern Queensland is one of the oldest aquaculture industries in Australia. The industry has been forced to adapt to competition from other species, tighter harvesting and oyster storage and handling requirements as well as eroding profit margins. Recent changes in farming practices include the move away from stick culture to single seed culture, as the half-shell market demands a more uniformly shaped oyster. When selective breeding demonstrated that it could reduce time to market (50 g whole weight) by nearly a year out of an industry average of 3.5 years, the industry wanted to try hatchery technology. Although the industry had never used hatchery technology before, it purchased 10 million spat or 8% of its annual spat requirement from hatcheries in 2003-2004, the first year that they were made available to farmers. The industry also embraced the Australian Shellfish Quality Assurance Program, which requires that shellfish harvest areas be classified on the basis of a sanitary survey and the results of an ongoing strategic water-sampling programme. This programme ensures product safety for the consumers and helps to provide the industry with a long-term future.

A Decade of Mark-Recapture of Platypuses on The Duckmaloi River: Any New Insights into Population Dynamics?

1998 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 302
Author(s):  
D. Goldney
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
New South ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mark Recapture ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Adult Status ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Gill Netting ◽  
Population Numbers

A long-term mark-recapture program has been carried out on the Duckmaloi Weir (near Oberon, New south Wales) and associated river over the period 1986 to the present. The pipehead weir creates a long shallow ·pool' about 2.5 ha in area, ideal for gill-netting platypuses. One hundred and eighty-two (182) individual animals have been captured in excess of 500 times. The majority of animals have been captured in the weir pool. A very dynamic situation exists with new adults and juveniles being captured on a regular basis and conversely captured animals "disappearing" on a regular basis from the system. Some individuals exhibit both transience and site attachment characteristics. However, relatively few animals remain site attached for long periods of time. Sixty nine percent of individuals are captured two or fewer times. Band loss cannot account for this phenomenon. Of the captured animals, 11.3% have been caught more than 5 times. The sex ratio of the population favours females in first capture adults (1:1.72) but males in first capture juveniles (1:0.73). Females are more likely to be recaptured than males. The sex ratio of juveniles varies significantly from year to year. The period between recaptures varies greatly and can be up to 6 years. Four animals have been captured over nine years (3 females/1 male) but no animal has been captured every year of the study. Recruitment has occurred at levels able to maintain the current population numbers. Thirty percent of available adults have been found lactating, including second year females. Seventy one percent of first year capture juveniles and 89.9% of first capture adults "disappear" within two years of first capture. Forty two percent of juvenile animals reach adult status before "disappearing".

Yields and nitrogen uptake of grain sorghum in various rotations, including lucerne, annual legume and long fallow

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
ICR Holford
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
First Year ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Establishment Method ◽  
Soil Evidence

Long-term yields, nitrogen uptake and responsiveness of grain sorghum following three lucerne rotations, an annual legume rotation, long fallowing, and continuous wheat growing were measured on a black earth and red clay in northern New South Wales. The three lucerne rotations compared two methods of lucerne establishment (with or without a cover crop) and two methods of grazing management (short or extended grazing).There were large beneficial effects of lucerne leys on the first grain sorghum crop, whether they were measured as grain yield, nitrogen content of the foliage and grain, or nitrogen uptake. The effect was much smaller in the second year but it increased in the third and fourth years, in direct relation to the rainfall during the sorghum flowering period. The effect was larger on the black earth than on the red clay, reflecting the much higher lucerne yields on the former soil. Evidence indicated that the nitrogen contribution from lucerne after the first year was no greater than the nitrogen accumulated by long fallowing, and this was attributed to very low rainfall and lucerne yields during the four year ley period.The annual legume rotation suffered from drought and insect damage in most years, and following sorghum yields tended to be lower than those achieved by long fallowing.Differences in the effects of establishment method and grazing management on total lucerne yields were reflected in the differences in subsequent grain sorghum yields. Largest differences were on the black earth where extended grazing lowered the total yields of lucerne and subsequent grain sorghum. Sowing lucerne under wheat had little effect on total yields of lucerne or sorghum.

What Trainee Teachers and Teachers Should Know About Aboriginal Children.

1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Aboriginal Education ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Teachers ◽  
Trainee Teachers ◽  
Aboriginal Students ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Aboriginal Children ◽  
Consultative Group

The New South Wales Aboriginal Education Consultative Group feels that more emphasis needs to be placed on the training of teachers in regards to Aboriginal education.Many first year teachers are sent to country areas with a relatively high percentage of Aboriginal students. In the main, these teachers have had little or no contact with Aboriginal children or parents.

Effects of logging and fire on small mammals in Mumbulla State Forest, near Bega, New South Wales

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Lunney ◽  
B. Cullis ◽  
P. Eby
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
First Year ◽  
Severe Effect ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Antechinus Stuartii ◽  
Rattus Fuscipes

This study of the effects of logging on small mammals in Mumbulla State Forest on the south coast of New South Wales included the effects of a fire in November 1980 and a drought throughout the study period from June 1980 to June 1983. Rattus fuscipes was sensitive to change: logging had a significant impact on its numbers, response to ground cover, and recapture rate; fire had a more severe effect, and drought retarded the post-fire recovery of the population. The three species of dasyurid marsupials differed markedly in their response to ground cover, canopy cover, logging and fire. Antechinus stuartii was distributed evenly through all habitats and was not affected by logging, but fire had an immediate and adverse effect which was sustained by the intense drought. A. swainsonii markedly preferred the regenerating forest, and was not seen again after the fire, the failure of the population being attributed to its dependence on dense ground cover. Sminthopsis leucopus was found in low numbers, appeared to prefer forest with sparse ground cover, and showed no immediate response to logging or fire; its disappearance by the third year post-fire suggests that regenerating forest is inimical to the survival of this species. Mus musculus showed no response to logging. In the first year following the fire its numbers were still very low, but in the next year there was a short-lived plague which coincided with the only respite in the 3-year drought and, importantly, occurred in the intensely burnt parts of the forest. The options for managing this forest for the conservation of small mammals include minimising fire, retaining unlogged forest, extending the time over which alternate coupes are logged and minimising disturbance from heavy machinery.

Goat and Sheep Grazing in Shrub-Infested Semi-arid Woodlands of New South Wales.

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
BH Downing
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
New South ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Dietary Preferences ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Continuous Grazing ◽  
Local Observation ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Western Division

Examination of data on dietary preferences of sheep, goats and cattle suggests that different grazing systems are desirable for each of the three major woodland types (belah-rosewood, mulga, poplar box) examined. Competition for herbs, frequently palatable to all animal species, indicates that goats and sheep are unsuitable for joint use either in heavily wooded country or where annual herbaceous production is less than 200 kg-ha. Supplementary feeding, fire and judicious stocking are proposed as a strategy for inducing goats to eat a proportion of unpalatable shrubs. The literature provides little helpful information on how rangelands in the Western Division should be managed. No reports are given on comparisons of grazing systems, such as rotational grazing, rotational resting, and continuous grazing. No guidance is given on grazing after burning of the rangeland. Recommendations are generally against the use of goats for control of woody plants, whereas local observation shows this to be an apparently effective practice. The recommendations are mostly based on experimental procedures which, although suitable for detecting animal dietary preferences in the short term, are less appropriate for investigation of the effects of grazing on range condition in the long term. Some suggestions are made towards a different approach for: investigating the effects of grazing by sheep and goats on rangeland condition, and the economic implications of this in terms of animal production.

The individual and health sector costs of asthma: the first year of a longitudinal study in New South Wales

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Kenny ◽  
Emily Lancsar ◽  
Jane Hall ◽  
Madeleine King ◽  
Meredyth Chaplin
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
First Year ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Individual

Prehistoric aboriginal occupation of the rangelands: Interpreting the surface archaeological record of far western New South Wales, Australia.

2000 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ Holdaway ◽  
PC Fanning ◽  
DC Witter
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Landscape Archaeology ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Stone Artefact

Recent erosion in arid regions of western NSW has exposed large areas that are scattered with stone artefacts manufactured by Aboriginal people in prehistory. These exposures offer an opportunity for archaeologists to study the artefacts abandoned by Aboriginal people through time and to compare those artefacts that accumulate in different parts of the landscape. To reconstruct the nature of prehistoric behaviour in the rangelands, two approaches are needed. First, the geomorphological context of the artefacts needs to be considered since exposure of the artefacts is a function of landscape history. Second, large areas (measured in thousands of square metres) and large numbers of artefacts need to be considered if patterns reflecting long-term abandonment behaviour by Aboriginal people are to be identified. This paper reports on the Western New South Wales Archaeological Program (WNSWAP) which was initiated in 1995 to study surface archaeology in the rangelands. Geomorphological studies are combined with artefact analysis using geographic information system software to investigate Aboriginal stone artefact scatters and associated features such as heat retainer hearths, in a landscape context. Results suggest that apparently random scatters of stone artefacts are in fact patterned in ways which inform on prehistoric Aboriginal settlement of the rangelands. Key words: Aboriginal stone artefacts; rangelands; landscape archaeology; geomorphology; GIs

A new Australian record of a Parajapidae (Diplura): a potential pest of wheat

Soil Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 657
Author(s):  
Penelope Greenslade ◽  
Yun-Xia Luan
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
New South ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Potential Pest ◽  
North And South America ◽  
First Time ◽  
North And South

Parajapyx isabellae (Grassi, 1886) is recorded for the first time from Australia. It is a cosmopolitan soil species found in Europe, North and South America and Asia. Womersley last studied Australian Parajapygidae 80 years ago, listing a single endemic species for the genus Parajapyx Silvestri, 1903, sensu stricta. In 2017, an unidentified Parajapyx was found in deep soil under wheat in winter, spring and summer at Harden, New South Wales, in a long-term tillage trial. It was most abundant in the minimum tillage/stubble retained plots in soil below 5 cm but rarely observed in the conventionally tilled/stubble burned plots. The same field experiment was sampled five times using the same methods over 3 years from 1993–95 but no specimens of Diplura were collected. The specimens were identified as P. isabellae using morphology and confirmed with the DNA barcoding sequence data. Most species of Parajapygidae are carnivores feeding on small arthropods but there are records from North America, Europe and Hawaii of P. isabellae feeding on roots of wheat and other agricultural crops. We provide here illustrations of species P. isabellae so that crop scientists in Australia are aware of the potential pest and can identify it. Sequence data indicate that the population may have originated from two sources.

Criminal mobility of outlaw motorcycle gangs in Australia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Dowling ◽  
Anthony Morgan
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Gang Members ◽  
Opportunity Structures ◽  
Significant Challenge ◽  
Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs ◽  
South Wales

The criminal mobility of outlaw motorcycle gang (OMCG) members presents a significant challenge to Australian governments and police. Examining patterns of mobility can help to better understand the opportunity structures that underpin offending by OMCGs and to drive national collaborative responses to these gangs. This study examines the prevalence and patterns of criminal mobility in a sample of almost 4,000 OMCG members in more than 400 chapters. Around one in 10 members showed evidence of criminal mobility over the long term, while more than one-third of chapters comprised criminally mobile members. Criminally mobile gang members were heavily concentrated in a small number of chapters. Patterns of criminal mobility primarily involve movements into east coast jurisdictions. New South Wales and Queensland emerged as the most common destinations for criminally mobile OMCG members.

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