scholarly journals Oligosaccharides in infant formula

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (S2) ◽  
pp. S293-S296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Vandenplas
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Golden Standard ◽  
Maximum Effort ◽  
And Function

Breast-feeding is the golden standard for infant feeding. However, the majority of a few week old infants are fed with a second choice infant feeding, cow's milk based formula. Amongst the multiple differences between human and cow's milk regards the development of the gastro-intestinal flora: the flora of the breast-fed infant being richer in bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. Both species are known to be potentially beneficial for the health of the host. The absence of oligosaccharides, the third largest component in human milk, in cow's milk is likely to account for the differences in colonic flora. The oligosaccharide content and concentration in breast milk is — just as for the other macronutrients — a dynamic process, making it impossible for industry to mimic nature. However, if the composition cannot be mimicked, the effect and function can be imitated. The addition of two oligosaccharides, galacto-oligosaccharides and inulin, to cow's milk based infant formula has been shown to have a bifidogenic effect, and to stimulate the growth of bifidi and lactobacilli. In conclusion, the addition of oligosaccharides to cow's milk based infant formula brings this alternative, second choice infant feeding one step closer to the golden standard of human milk. But, prolonged breast-feeding should still be promoted with maximum effort.

Gastroduodenal Motility in Neonates: Response to Human Milk Compared With Cow's Milk Formula

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-438
Author(s):  
T. Tomomasa ◽  
P. E. Hyman ◽  
K. Itoh ◽  
J. Y. Hsu ◽  
T. Koizumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Wave Form ◽  
Fasting State ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Gastroduodenal Motility

It is known that breast milk empties more quickly from the stomach than does infant formula. We studied the difference in gastroduodenal motility between neonates fed with human milk and those fed with infant formula. Twenty-four five-to 36-day-old neonates were fed with mother's breast milk or with a cow's milk-based formula. Postprandlial gastroduodenal contractions were recorded manometrically for three hours. Repetitive, high-amplitude nonmigrating contractions were the dominant wave form during the postprandial period. The number of episodes, duration, amplitude, and frequency of nonmigrating contractions were not different following the different feedings. The migrating myoelectric complex, which signals a return to the interdigestive (fasting) state, appeared in 75% of breast milk-fed infants but only 17% of formula-fed infants (P < .05) within the three-hour recording period. Because contractions were similar following the two meals, but a fasting state recurred more rapidly in breast-fed infants, we conclude that factors other than phasic, nonpropagated antroduodenal contractions were responsible for the differences in gastric emptying between breast milk and formula.

COMMITTEE ON NUTRITION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 408-412
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
Mere Existence ◽  
Nutritional Benefits

Treatment of raw cow's milk with pancreatic proteolytic enzymes reduces curd tension to levels comparable to those achieved by many other methods suitable for the preparation of soft-curd milk. No other biologic or nutritional benefits have been shown to result from enzyme treatment of milk. No evidence is available for assigning any benefit in infant nutrition to the proteolytic activity naturally occurring in human milk or persisting in enzyme-treated cow's milk after pasteurization. Argument based on the mere existence of proteolytic enzymes in human milk cannot justify enthusiastic claims for use of enzyme-treated milk in infant feeding. The subject of enzymes in milk and their potential role in infant feeding has received scant attention; further study may reveal information which will call for reappraisal in the future.

Breast-Feeding or Infant Formula Should Be Continued for 12 Months

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 984-985
Author(s):  
CALVIN WOODRUFF
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Occult Blood ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Hemoccult Test

To the Editor.— The age at which the feeding of fresh homogenized cow's milk can produce occult blood loss has not been determined. The most recent study1 suggests that iron-replete infants fed less than 1 L/day are susceptible when less than age 140 days but not between 140 and 196 days (4.7 to 6.5 months). This study used the Hemoccult test, a relatively insensitive test for blood in the stool. A review of the feeding histories of 12 infants previously reported22 and four studied subsequently who had evidence of iron deficiency anemia associated with the ingestion of large amounts of fresh homogenized cow's milk (1 to 2 L daily) showed that eight of the 16 infants hed received infant formula with or without iron for at least 6 months, and four others for at least 3 months.

scholarly journals Breastfeeding in South Africa: Social and cultural aspects and strategies for promotion

Curationis ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Thornton
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Child Spacing

Every week from 5-10 new scientific papers on the topic of breast-feeding are published (Jelliffe. 1983). Many of these emphasise the advantages of human milk over modified cow’s milk. The increasing evidence highlights the nutritional advantages, the immunological benefits, the enhanced bonding between mother and infant, and the child-spacing advantages of breast-feeding. In developing countries these advantages can prove to be lifesaving.

Trace Elements in Human Milk, Cow’s Milk, and Infant Formula

1985 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiromi Gunshin ◽  
Midori Yoshikawa ◽  
Takafumi Doudou ◽  
Norihisa Kato
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk

scholarly journals Trace elements in human milk, cow's milk, and infant formula.

1985 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiromi GUNSHIN ◽  
Midori YOSHIKAWA ◽  
Takafumi DOUDOU ◽  
Norihisa KATO
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk

scholarly journals EFFECT OF AGE ON ABSORPTION OF MANGANESE FROM HUMAN MILK, COW'S MILK AND INFANT FORMULA

1984 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 209A-209A
Author(s):  
Hasan Raghib ◽  
Wai-Yee Chan ◽  
Owen M Rennert
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Effect Of Age
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