Fluoridated milk enhances the mineral density of artificial proximal carious lesions in situ

Wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 16 (wnt16), is a wnt ligand that participates in the regulation of vertebrate skeletal development. Studies have shown that wnt16 can regulate bone metabolism, but its molecular mechanism remains largely undefined. We obtained the wnt16-/- zebrafish model using the CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene knockout screen with 11 bp deletion in wnt16, which led to the premature termination of amino acid translation and significantly reduced wnt16 expression, thus obtaining the wnt16-/- zebrafish model. The expression of wnt16 in bone-related parts was detected via in situ hybridization. The head, spine, and tail exhibited significant deformities, and the bone mineral density and trabecular bone decreased in wnt16-/- using light microscopy and micro-CT analysis. RNA sequencing was performed to explore the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis found that the down-regulated DEGs are mainly concentrated in mTOR, FoxO, and VEGF pathways. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis was performed with the detected DEGs. Eight down-regulated DEGs including akt1, bnip4, ptena, vegfaa, twsg1b, prkab1a, prkab1b, and pla2g4f.2 were validated by qRT-PCR and the results were consistent with the RNA-seq data. Overall, our work provides key insights into the influence of wnt16 gene on skeletal development.

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Effect of dentifrices on their remineralizing potential in artificial carious lesions: An in situ study

Dental Research Journal ◽

10.4103/1735-3327.174721 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 74

Author(s):

SatyawanGangaramji Damle ◽

Aditi Bector ◽

Dhanashree Damle ◽

Simranjeet Kaur

Keyword(s):

In Situ Study ◽

Carious Lesions

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Effect of professional cleaning and dental brushing with or without fluoridated dentifrice on enamel remineralization

Journal of Applied Oral Science ◽

10.1590/s1678-77572005000300004 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 222-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sara Nader Marta ◽

José Eduardo de Oliveira Lima ◽

Bernardo Gonzales Vono ◽

Salete Moura Bonifácio da Silva ◽

Maria Aparecida Andrade Moreira Machado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Plaque ◽

Fluoride Removal ◽

Surface Microhardness ◽

Air Polishing ◽

Carious Lesions ◽

Natural Teeth ◽

Baseline Values ◽

Bovine Enamel ◽

Main Meals

An in situ evaluation of the potential rehardening effect of fluoridated and non-fluoridated toothpastes with or without air polishing was conducted. Ten volunteers, using acrylic palatal appliances containing two bovine enamel blocks with artificial carious lesions, took part in this study. Four times a day, after the main meals and at night, the volunteers, in a habitual way, brushed their natural teeth with the dentifrice indicated to the experimental design and after that the appliances were put again into the mouth. They were divided into 4 different groups: G1 - control - non-fluoridated dentifrice; G2 - fluoridated dentifrice; G3 - non-fluoridated dentifrice, but having a previous prophylaxis using air polishing; G4 - fluoridated dentifrice and previous air polishing. The effects of treatments on enamel rehardening were evaluated in the blocks that were assessed by surface microhardness, and the percentage of surface microhardness change (%reh) was calculated in relation to the baseline values. The results showed that %reh was higher in the groups with fluoridated dentifrice, and professional prophylaxis did not have an additional effect in the groups of fluoridated dentifrices (p<0.05). The data suggested that, in the absence of fluoride, removal of dental plaque helped to increase the process of enamel rehardening.

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The difference in spine specimen dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry bone mineral density between in situ and in vitro scans

The Spine Journal ◽

10.1016/j.spinee.2010.02.016 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 784-788 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Juay Seng Tan ◽

Mark M. Kayanja ◽

Selvon F. St. Clair

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Dual Energy ◽

Mineral Density ◽

X Ray ◽

The Difference

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Elastic Modulus and Mineral Density of Dentine and Enamel in Natural Caries Lesions

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-874-l5.15 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 874 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amanpreet K. Bembey ◽

Michelle L. Oyen ◽

Ching-Chang Ko ◽

Andrew J. Bushby ◽

Alan Boyde

Keyword(s):

Elastic Modulus ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Mineral Phase ◽

Two Phase ◽

Dental Tissues ◽

Carious Lesions ◽

Phase Connectivity ◽

Composite Mechanics

AbstractDental tissues have been reported to show a considerable decrease in both their mineral content and mechanical properties in carious lesions. The changed properties of dentine and enamel have been shown to be dependent on crystal size and not only mineral content [1], although the connectivity between the mineral crystals has been overlooked. Teeth with carious lesions were sectioned, embedded in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and diamond polished. Nanoindentation and quantitative backscattered electron imaging were used to determine relationships between the elastic modulus and mineral density of sound and carious regions within dentine and enamel. The changes in elastic modulus with decreased mineralization for dentine and enamel could not be explained by simple composite mechanics expressions relating elastic modulus and mineral volume fraction. Finite element modeling of dentine and enamel as a two-phase composite material at the ultrastructure level were used to demonstrate how changes in the mineral phase connectivity can produce changes in the elastic modulus. Tissue models for enamel, in which the mineral phase is both the major component of the structure (∼ 85% by volume) and highly interconnected, were consistent with the modulus of sound enamel. The drastic change in enamel modulus with a relatively small change in mineral volume fraction could be modeled as a decrease in mineral phase connectivity at nearly constant volume fraction. The more gradual trend in the dentine data was also consistent with a structure that is initially highly connected in the mineral phase, consistent with the known structure of dentine, and for which the change in modulus is more directly related to changes in mineral content than mineral connectivity.

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Evaluation of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry for in situ measurement of bone mineral density of equine metacarpi

American Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.2460/ajvr.2001.62.752 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 62 (5) ◽

pp. 752-756 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Scott R. McClure ◽

Lawrence T. Glickman ◽

Nita W. Glickman ◽

Connie M. Weaver

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Dual Energy ◽

In Situ Measurement ◽

Mineral Density ◽

X Ray

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Determination of Plaque pH Changes within the Trough of an in situ Appliance Used to Study Mineral Changes in Early Carious Lesions

Caries Research ◽

10.1159/000262374 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 50-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A.F. Hall ◽

S.L. Creanor ◽

R. Strang ◽

R. Foye

Keyword(s):

Ph Changes ◽

Carious Lesions ◽

Plaque Ph ◽

Mineral Changes

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Effects of Various Forms of Calcium Added to Chewing Gum on Initial Enamel Carious Lesions in situ

Caries Research ◽

10.1159/000098043 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 108-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

J.F. Schirrmeister ◽

R.K. Seger ◽

M.J. Altenburger ◽

A. Lussi ◽

E. Hellwig

Keyword(s):

Chewing Gum ◽

Carious Lesions

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APPLICATION OF COMPUTER MICROTOMOGRAPHY IN THE STUDY OF MORPHOSTRUCTURAL PECULIARITIES OF HARD TISSUES OF TEETH IN EARLY FORMS OF CARIOUS LESIONS

Kuban Scientific Medical Bulletin ◽

10.25207/16086228-2018-25-6-57-67 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 57-67

Author(s):

D. A. Domenyuk ◽

S. Z. Chukov ◽

O. I. Anfinogenova ◽

I. V. Rzhepakovsky ◽

O. O. Ivanyuta

Keyword(s):

Optical Density ◽

Tooth Enamel ◽

Black Spot ◽

Brown Spot ◽

Mineral Density ◽

X Ray ◽

Black Spots ◽

Carious Lesions ◽

Permanent Molars ◽

Tomography Method

Aim. The research was designed to assess the capabilities of the microcomputer tomography method with the subsequent image analysis and determination of the mineral optical density of demineralized areas to improve the early diagnosis of fissure caries of permanent molars after the eruption.Materials and methods. Using a high-resolution X-ray microtomograph “Skyscan 1176” (“Bruker”, Belgium) followed by post-processing and analysis of the obtained tomograms, 75 molars of children aged 8-11 were removed by orthodontic indications. Of the total number of teeth removed, research groups were formed – teeth without signs of demineralization and teeth with carious lesions in the stage of white, light brown, brown and black spots. In the reconstructed 2D and 3D images were identified the zones in the outer (0.05-0.5 mm), middle (0.75-1.25 mm) and inner (1.5-2.0 mm) thirds of the thickness of the enamel layer followed by the computation in the CTvox program (3.3.0-1403, Bruker-micro CT) of the averaged X-ray (mineral) density indicators. Results. According to the tomograms of the teeth of the studied groups, the average indicators of the mineral optical density of the intact teeth enamel were identified as well as the average indicators of teeth with various types of carious lesions within the enamel. The following sequence was revealed in descending order of the parameters of optical density: healthy enamel (2.47±0.12 g/cm3) – caries in the white spot stage (2.41±0.11 g/cm3) – caries in the light brown spot stage (2.32±0.07 g/cm3) – caries in the brown spot stage (2.18±0.12 g/cm3) – caries in the black spot stage (1.81±0.12 g/cm3). Identifying the correlations between the color of carious lesion and mineral density of tooth enamel broadens the understanding of the mechanisms of the development of caries pathogenesis and contributes to the improvement of therapeutic and preventive measures aimed at improving caries resistance.Conclusion. The use of microcomputer tomography in combination with other special methods characterizes fissure caries as a sequential, gradually progressing destructive process of hard tooth tissues (from focal demineralization to cavity formation), which establishes the relationship between the intensity of internal disturbances and external damage.

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