Vasoactive intestinal peptide and substance P immunoreactive nerve fibres in the myenteric plexus of mouse colon during the chronic phase of Trypanosoma cruzi infection

1999 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. M. MAIFRINO
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ◽  
Myenteric Plexus ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Mouse Colon ◽  
Cruzi Infection

Dynamics of T Cells Repertoire During Trypanosoma cruzi Infection and its Post-Treatment Modulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (36) ◽  
pp. 6519-6543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Egui ◽  
Paola Lasso ◽  
Elena Pérez-Antón ◽  
M. Carmen Thomas ◽  
Manuel Carlos López
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
Cruzi Infection

Chagas disease courses with different clinical phases and has a variable clinical presentation and progression. The acute infection phase mostly exhibits a non-specific symptomatology. In the absence of treatment, the acute phase is followed by a chronic phase, which is initially asymptomatic. This chronic asymptomatic phase of the disease is characterized by a fragile balance between the host’s immune response and the parasite replication. The loss of this balance is crucial for the progression of the sickness. The virulence and tropism of the T. cruzi infecting strain together to the inflammation processes in the cardiac tissue are the main factors for the establishment and severity of the cardiomyopathy. The efficacy of treatment in chronic Chagas disease patients is controversial. However, several studies carried out in chronic patients demonstrated that antiparasitic treatment reduces parasite load in the bloodstream and leads to an improvement in the immune response against the Trypanosoma cruzi parasite. The present review is mainly focused on the cellular patterns associated to the clinical status and the evolution of the disease in chronic patients, as well as the effectiveness of the treatment related to T. cruzi infection control. Therefore, an emphasis is placed on the dynamics of specific-antigens T cell subpopulations, their memory and activation phenotypes, their functionality and their contribution to pathogenesis or disease control, as well as their association with risk of congenital transmission of the parasite.

scholarly journals Evolution of subpatent parasitaemia in Trypanosoma cruzi chronically infected mice with the help of a cyclophosphamide amplification transfer assay

1991 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 509-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Alvarez ◽  
Ayumi Oshima ◽  
Veronica Mozer ◽  
Liliane Guimarães ◽  
Hércules Menezes
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Detection Tool ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Parasite Detection ◽  
Cyclophosphamide Treatment ◽  
One Year ◽  
Cruzi Infection

We have evaluated the sensitivity of the classical blood subinoculation method, modified through cyclophosphamide treatment of transferred mice, for the detection of occult parasitaemias in Trypanosoma cruzi chronically infected mice. Besides its simplicity, the method was shown to be highly sensitive for both the "chronic" phase parasites (99% of chronic cases were shown to harbour occult parasitaemias) and for the acute phase parasites (T. cruzi could be detected in 53.8% of animals transferred with one Y strain parasite and in 20% of animals transferred with one CL strain parasite). Using acute phase bloodforms, the assay proved to be more sensitive than conventional subinoculation when dealing with the CL, but not the Y strain of the parasite. With the help of this parasite detection tool, we have studied during a one year period, the evolution of subpatent parasitaemias in a group of mice which survived through chemotherapy from lethal acute phase of T. cruzi infection. Cyclophosphamide transfer assay revealed occult parasitaemias in 100% of the chronic animals, nevertheless, continuous and discontinuous patterns of positivity were observed.

Comparative study of the presence of Trypanosoma cruzi kDNA, inflammation and denervation in chagasic patients with and without megaesophagus

Parasitology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 131 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. M. da SILVEIRA ◽  
R. M. E. ARANTES ◽  
A. R. VAGO ◽  
E. M. LEMOS ◽  
S. J. ADAD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Myenteric Plexus ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Cytotoxic Lymphocytes ◽  
Cytotoxic Cells ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Chagasic Megaesophagus

Neuronal lesions have been considered the hallmark of chagasic megaesophagus, but the role of Trypanosoma cruzi and the participation of the inflammatory cells in this process are still debated. In the present study we counted neurons in the oesophagus from patients with and without megaesophagus and further examined these samples for the presence of parasite kDNA and cells with cytolytic potential (Natural Killer cells, cytotoxic lymphocytes and macrophages). The presence of parasite kDNA was demonstrated in 100% of cases with megaesophagus and in 60% of patients without megaesophagus. When analysed for the number of neurons, the patients without megaesophagus could be classified into 2 groups, as having normal or a decreased number of neurons. The former group did not show any inflammatory process, but interestingly, all patients without megaesophagus presenting decreased number of neurons also presented both parasite kDNA and inflammatory process in the organ. We further observed that the numbers of cytotoxic cells in the myenteric plexus region inversely correlate with the number of neurons. These data together strongly suggest that chronic lesions in chagasic megaesophagus might be a consequence of immune-mediated mechanisms, that last until the chronic phase of infection, and are dependent on the persistence of parasite in the host's tissue.

scholarly journals Sequential combined treatment with allopurinol and benznidazole in the chronic phase of Trypanosoma cruzi infection: a pilot study

2012 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 424-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Perez-Mazliah ◽  
M. G. Alvarez ◽  
G. Cooley ◽  
B. E. Lococo ◽  
G. Bertocchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Cruzi Infection

scholarly journals Disagreement between PCR and serological diagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in blood donors from a Colombian endemic region

Biomédica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supl. 1) ◽  
pp. 47-59
Author(s):  
Liliana Torcoroma García Sánchez ◽  
Jhancy Rocío Aguilar Jiménez ◽  
Marly Yojhana Bueno ◽  
Erika Marcela Moreno Moreno ◽  
Herminia Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Cruzi Infection

Introduction: Chagas’ disease is the leading cause of infectious myocarditis worldwide. This infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi is usually life-long and asymptomatic; however, the third part of infected people can develop severe or even fatal cardiomyopathy. As the parasitemia in the chronic phase is both low-grade and intermittent, T. cruzi infection is principally detected by serology, although this method has sensitivity and specificity limitations.Objective: To determine the level of agreement between serologic and molecular tests in 658 voluntary blood donors from six provinces in the Colombian department of Santander.Materials and methods: We evaluated an array of diagnostic technologies by cross-section sampling performing a serological double diagnostic test for T. cruzi antibody detection (Chagas III ELISA™, BiosChile Group, and ARCHITECT Chagas CMIA™, Abbott), and DNA detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We collected the demographic, clinical, and epidemiological information of participants. The sample size was calculated using Epidat™ and the statistical analysis was done with Stata 12.1™.Results: PCR was six times more sensitive in detecting T. cruzi infection than ELISA/CMIA with prevalence values of 1.8% (12/658) and 0.3% (2/658), respectively, and kappa=0.28 (95%CI: -0.03 - 0.59). In contrast, serology showed a sensitivity of 16.7% (95%CI: 2.09 - 48.4) and a specificity of 100% (95%CI: 99.4 - 100). All seropositive samples were found to be positive by PCR.Conclusions: The implementation of PCR as a complementary method for screening donors could reduce the probability of false negative and the consequent risk of transfusional-transmission of Chagas’ disease, especially in endemic regions.

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