Examining the relationship between municipal consolidation and cost reduction: an instrumental variable approach

The study examined the effect of rural-urban migration on unemployment tendency, while controlling for other variables. We make use of the instrumental variable approach and probit controlling for endogeneity to determine the relationship between rural-urban migration and unemployment. Cameroon labour force survey is used to estimate our results. Results shows that the likelihood of unemployment decreases among rural-urban migrates compared to their rural counterparts who do not migrate. By the same token, holders of primary, secondary and tertiary levels of are less likely to be unemployed relative to their counterparts with no education, respectively. These findings have a number of policy implementations: the government could create an enabling environment for labour markets to work better for the youths seeking employment and could invest rationally on education to enable the youth become self-reliant instead of job seekers through skill development and training.

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The paradox of poor representation: How voter–party incongruence curbs affective polarisation

The British Journal of Politics and International Relations ◽

10.1177/13691481211048502 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 136914812110485

Author(s):

Nahema Marchal ◽

David S Watson

Keyword(s):

Political Parties ◽

Instrumental Variable ◽

Election Study ◽

Variable Approach ◽

Key Driver ◽

Causal Impact ◽

The Relationship ◽

Instrumental Variable Approach ◽

Potential Determinant

Research on the relationship between ideology and affective polarisation highlights ideological disagreement as a key driver of animosity between partisan groups. By operationalising disagreement on the left–right dimension, however, existing studies often overlook voter–party incongruence as a potential determinant of affective evaluations. How does incongruence on policy issues impact affective evaluations of mainstream political parties and their leaders? We tackle this question by analysing data from the British Election Study collected ahead of the 2019 UK General Election using an instrumental variable approach. Consistent with our expectations, we find that voter–party incongruence has a significant causal impact on affective evaluations. Perceived representational gaps between party and voter drive negative evaluations of the in-party and positive evaluations of the opposition, thus lowering affective polarisation overall. The results offer a more nuanced perspective on the role of ideological conflict in driving affective polarisation.

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M&A deal initiation: the case of the unwelcome suitor

International Journal of Managerial Finance ◽

10.1108/ijmf-03-2017-0049 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 433-461 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Frederick Davis ◽

Thomas Walker ◽

Linyi Zhou

Keyword(s):

Instrumental Variable ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Multivariate Analyses ◽

Estimation Procedure ◽

Content Type ◽

Variable Approach ◽

Long Run ◽

Two Step Estimation ◽

The Relationship ◽

Instrumental Variable Approach

Purpose Within the context of mergers and acquisitions, the purpose of this paper is to clarify the relationship between the deal initiator and various outcomes of the deal, particularly in consideration of the cash position of the acquiring firm. Design/methodology/approach Using hand-collected deal initiation data from various filings on the Securities Exchange Commission EDGAR online database, this paper performs a series of event study analyses, multivariate analyses, a Heckman two-step estimation procedure, and an instrumental variable approach to examine merger outcomes. Findings This paper finds that many merger and acquisition (M&A) outcomes (target and acquirer announcement returns, acquirer long-run returns, premiums, and the method of payment) are significantly related to deal initiation, particularly in consideration of the cash position of the acquiring firm. Overall, evidence is seen as consistent with the theory that “lemons” selectively approach cash-rich acquirers, often to the acquirers’ detriment. Originality/value This paper finds that target-initiated deals are not necessarily associated with poorer transaction outcomes for targets as contemporaneous studies suggest, and presents the first empirical evidence of M&A outcomes related to the deal initiator which are dependent on the cash position of the acquiring firm.

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International Remittances and Private Healthcare in Kerala, India

MIGRATION LETTERS ◽

10.33182/ml.v17i3.778 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 445-460

Author(s):

Mohd Imran Khan ◽

Valatheeswaran C.

Keyword(s):

Instrumental Variable ◽

Capital Investment ◽

Healthcare Expenditure ◽

Healthcare Services ◽

Private Healthcare ◽

International Remittances ◽

Variable Approach ◽

Using Data ◽

The Impact ◽

Instrumental Variable Approach

The inflow of international remittances to Kerala has been increasing over the last three decades. It has increased the income of recipient households and enabled them to spend more on human capital investment. Using data from the Kerala Migration Survey-2010, this study analyses the impact of remittance receipts on the households’ healthcare expenditure and access to private healthcare in Kerala. This study employs an instrumental variable approach to account for the endogeneity of remittances receipts. The empirical results show that remittance income has a positive and significant impact on households’ healthcare expenditure and access to private healthcare services. After disaggregating the sample into different heterogeneous groups, this study found that remittances have a greater effect on lower-income households and Other Backward Class (OBC) households but not Scheduled Caste (SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST) households, which remain excluded from reaping the benefit of international migration and remittances.

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