Appraised controllability as a moderator of the effectiveness of different coping strategies: A test of the goodness of fit hypothesis

ABSTRACTThe goodness-of-fit hypothesis contends that distress results due to incongruence between choice of coping strategies and perceived ability to change stressful stimuli. Goal-directed or active coping responses are believed to be most efficacious when the individual believes s/he can change or control perceived threats (i.e., problem-focused coping). Instances in which stressors must be accepted, however, would dictate reliance upon strategies to regulate distress (i.e., emotion-focused coping). Inconsistent support for this facet of Lazarus and Folkman's cognitive phenomenological model was obtained in this study of spouses of suspected dementia patients. The distinction between emotion- and problem-focused coping appears less germane than overall coping efforts relative to perceived control and caregiver burden. In addition, perceived ability to control dementia-related stressors appears to be somewhat independent of coping by caregivers. These findings are discussed in terms of the unique and chronic demands faced by spouses of persons with dementia.

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Appraised control, coping, and stress in a community sample: A test of the goodness-of-fit hypothesis

Annals of Behavioral Medicine ◽

10.1207/s15324796abm2303_3 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 158-165 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Sandra G. Zakowski ◽

Martica H. Hall ◽

Laura Cousino Klein ◽

Andrew Baum

Keyword(s):

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Community Sample ◽

Goodness Of Fit Hypothesis

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Order Statistics and Applications

Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.ch162 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1856-1868

Author(s):

E. Jack Chen

Keyword(s):

Distribution Function ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Order Statistics ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Ranking And Selection ◽

Quantile Estimation ◽

Cumulative Distribution ◽

Parametric Statistics ◽

Goodness Of Fit Hypothesis ◽

Tests Of Independence

Order statistics refer to the collection of sample observations sorted in ascending order and are among the most fundamental tools in non-parametric statistics and inference. Statistical inference established based on order statistics assumes nothing stronger than continuity of the cumulative distribution function of the population and is simple and broadly applicable. We discuss how order statistics are applied in statistical analysis, e.g., tests of independence, tests of goodness of fit, hypothesis tests of equivalence of means, ranking and selection, and quantile estimation. These order-statistics techniques are key components of many studies.

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Coping intelligence theory: coping strategies, satisfaction and sales commission

Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing ◽

10.1108/jbim-03-2017-0072 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 610-624 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rajesh V. Srivastava ◽

Thomas Tang

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Life Satisfaction ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Boundary Spanning ◽

Multiple Sources ◽

Content Type ◽

Latent Construct ◽

Intelligence Theory ◽

Practical Implications

Purpose This study aims to develop and test a new formative theory of coping intelligence (CI). It asserts that problem- and emotion-focused coping strategies contribute differently to the overall CI latent construct, which, in turn, relates to three outcome variables – job satisfaction, life satisfaction and sales commission. Design/methodology/approach The study collected data from multiple sources: survey data from 452 boundary-spanning salespeople and sales commission from a company’s personnel record. It then investigated the goodness of fit between the study’s theoretical SEM model and empirical data. Findings Problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping strategies, respectively, define CI positively and negatively. This, in turn, is related to high levels of job satisfaction, life satisfaction and sales commission. After controlling for gender and sales commission, results remain significant. Commission is related to satisfaction. Gender (male) is negatively related to emotion-focused strategy, but positively related to commission. Males have higher sales commission than females, yet both genders have similar life and job satisfaction. Practical implications Problem-focused coping contributes to life satisfaction, job satisfaction and sales commission, but emotion-focused coping undermines them. Researchers and policymakers need to develop training programs, promote problem-focused coping strategies and help them improve life satisfaction, job satisfaction and sales commission, for females, in particular. Originality/value CI is more related to job satisfaction and life satisfaction than to commission. The study’s concurrent validity demonstrates that CI improves sales commission (objective data) and employee satisfaction. It pays to improve CI.

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The Coping Process: Cognitive Appraisals of Stress, Coping Strategies, and Coping Effectiveness

The Sport Psychologist ◽

10.1123/tsp.17.4.406 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 406-425 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Mi-Sook Kim ◽

Joan L. Duda

Keyword(s):

Coping Strategies ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Cognitive Appraisals ◽

Intercollegiate Athletes ◽

Coping Responses ◽

Coping Process ◽

Path Analyses ◽

Stress Coping Strategies ◽

And Coping

This study examined the effectiveness of the reported coping responses utilized by 318 U.S. and 404 Korean athletes based on the Outcome model (i.e., considers perceived immediate and long-term outcomes) and the Goodness-of-Fit model (i.e., considers the fit between situational appraisal and coping strategies employed). Intercollegiate athletes provided information regarding frequency of psychological difficulties experienced during competition, their perceived controllability over such difficulties, and the reported coping strategies utilized to counter this particular stressor. Recursive path analyses revealed that both Active/Problem-Focused and Avoidance/Withdrawal coping were deemed immediately effective during competition. Active/Problem-Focused and Avoidance/Withdrawal coping strategies were, respectively, positively and negatively associated with all three long-term variables. Results partially supported the Goodness-of-Fit model among both Korean and U.S. athletes.

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Estudo de Adaptação e Características Psicométricas da Versão Portuguesa da Adolescent Coping Scale – Escala de Coping para Adolescentes

Acta Médica Portuguesa ◽

10.20344/amp.4729 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 166 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Diogo Frasquilho Guerreiro ◽

Diana Cruz ◽

Maria Luísa Figueira ◽

Daniel Sampaio

Keyword(s):

Coping Strategies ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Coping Styles ◽

Principal Component ◽

Clinical Tool ◽

Mean Values ◽

Adolescent Coping ◽

Coping Scale

Introduction: Coping is a psychological process that prompts the individual to adapt to stressful situations. The Adolescent Coping Scale is a widely used research and clinical tool. This study aimed to develop a Portuguese version of the Adolescent Coping Scale and to analyze the strategies and coping styles of young people in our sample. Material and Methods: An anonymous questionnaire comprising the Adolescent Coping Scale was submitted and replied by 1 713 students (56% female, from 12 to 20 years, average age 16) The validity study of the scale included: principal component and reliability analysis; confirmatory analysis using structural equation modelling Subsequently, a gender comparison of both the strategies and the coping styles was conducted through independent samples t tests. Results: The final structure of the Adolescent Coping Scale adaptation retained 70 items assessing 16 coping strategies grouped into three major styles. The scales showed good internal consistency (Cronbach alpha values between 0.63. and 0.86, with the exception of one dimension that as shown a value of 0.55) and the confirmatory model showed a good fit (goodness of fit index values between 0.94 e 0.96). Two coping strategies were eliminated on statistical grounds (insufficient saturations of items in the corresponding dimensions). We found that the style of coping focused on problem solving is the most used by youths from our sample, in both sexes. Females had higher mean values in non-productive coping style and reference to others. Discussion: This adapted version has high similarity with the original scale, with expectable minor changes, given that coping is influenced by cultural, geographical and socio-economic variables. Conclusion: The present study represents an important part of the validation protocol Portuguese Adolescent Coping Scale, including its linguistic adaptation and its internal consistency and factor structure studies.

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