STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF X-RAY GENERATOR LEAKAGE TEST AT HOSPITALS AND HEALTH CENTERS IN CENTRAL JAVA PROVINCE

Several research has been conducted yearly on X-Ray generator leakage by the Research Community and Devotion Polytechnics Institute of Nuclear Technology. However, none have determined the feasibility of X-rays in analyzing radiation leakages. Therefore, this research aims to conduct a statistical analysis test to determine the X-ray generator’s leakage level in radiology installations at several districts in Central Java province, initialized with A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, and I from 2012-2014. This research was carried out using a non-parametric statistic method due to its ability to analyze data in several places simultaneously at an average radiation leakage value of under 1 mGy/hour. However, some X-Ray Generators at districts H, I, and C exceed the limit of radiation leakage with row percentages of 7.6%, 37.5%, and 14.2%. The condition and information of the ranges in X-Ray Generator leakage at several districts in Central Java can be easily identified because the data is inputted into the thematic map and window chart using the Geographical Information System and computed by ArcView 3.3. The non-parametric statistics results showed that the operating procedure at each radiological installation in some districts of Central Java Province had been conducted in good quality. The data proportion in districts A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, and I are equal to the statistics values of 2,31033<9,2364; 0,2944442<13,3616; 4,6559925<10,6446; 0,1884249<12,0170; 0,0576894<4,6052; 0,4609793<2,70554; 0,9539133<7,7794; 17,452924<34,3816; 7,2867225<12,0170, respectively.

Statistical analysis used in LIS research produced by Pakistani authors

PurposeStatistical methods are important for meaningful analysis, critique and interpretation of results. The current study aims to investigate the use of statistical methods used in LIS research articles produced by Pakistani authors during 2001–2016.Design/methodology/approachContent analysis method with both the qualitative and quantitative components was used. LIS articles published by Pakistani authors in national and international journals from 2001 to 2016 were selected. The descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the usage of statistical techniques.FindingsThe findings show that use of descriptive statistics remained higher as compared to inferential statistics in the LIS research produced by Pakistani authors. However, a visible growth trend in the use of inferential statistical techniques is found. Males are two times more likely to use inferential statistics as compared to female authors. Articles published in foreign journals and impact factor journals used more inferential statistics as compared to local and nonimpact factor journals. Parametric inferential statistics is more popular among Pakistani authors as compared to nonparametric. Faculty was more inclined toward using parametric statistic. The percentage of collaboration was higher in the papers using parametric statistics. Few articles reported the tests to fulfill the assumptions of parametric and nonparametric statistics.Originality/valueThis study can be used to better understand the trends of statistical techniques used in LIS research and authors' orientation in this regard. It will be helpful for future researchers in the selection of appropriate statistical techniques to be used.

Structural Features of Glands in the Sphincter Zones of the Large Intestine of an Adult

The aim is to study macro- and microscopic structure, as well as the cellular composition of the glands of the sphincter zones of large intestine of adults of different age groups.Material and methods. On autopsy material obtained from 30 people, without signs of pathology of the digestive tract of three age groups: 20–29 years, 50–59 years, 90–99 years, the structure of the glandular apparatus of the sphincter zones was studied. The areas of the Gerlach flap, Girsch sphincters, Payr–Strauss, Bally, O'bern–Pirogov–Moutier were considered. Quantitative morphometry was performed on histological preparations stained with methylene blue, followed by fixation in a saturated solution of ammonium molybdenum (picric acid), hematoxylin-eosin, picrofuchsin according to Van Gieson. Methods of parametric statistics based on the Statistica 6.0 program were used for statistical data processing.Results. The analysis of the number, size and cellular composition of the glands of the sphincter zones of the large intestine revealed an increase in both the number of glands and their size in all age groups compared to the proximally adjacent areas of the intestine, on average by 1.3–1.5 times. In a similar range, individual indicators of the number of epithelial cells in the glands of the sphincter zones of the colon increased. At the same time, the cellular composition of the glands of the sphincter zones and adjacent areas of the intestinal wall was similar to neighboring areas, with predominant goblet-shaped epithelial cells (52.9–54.2% of cells on the longitudinal section of the gland) and the presence of absorption cells (29.9–31.2%), undifferentiated – 11.9–13.2% and argyrophilic endocrinocytes – 1.4–5.3%.Conclusion. Against the background of narrowing of the lumen of the large intestine in the area of the sphincters and changes in the nature of the mucous membrane, there is an increase in the size and density of the localization of glands in all age groups. This confirms the thesis about the formation of a protective barrier that provides a local adaptive potential of this area of the intestinal wall, against the background of increased mechanical effects of intestinal masses.

Comparison of Discriminant Analysis and Adaptive Boosting Classification and Regression Trees on Data with Unbalanced Class

This study aims to determine the best classification results among discriminant analysis, CART, and Adaboost CART on Bank X's Home Ownership Credit (KPR) customers. This study uses secondary data which contains notes on the 5C assessment (Collateral, Character, Capacity, Condition, Capital) and collectibility of current and non-current loans. The sample used in this study was from 2000 debtors. Comparison of classifications based on model accuracy, sensitivity, and overall specificity shows that Adaboost CART is the best method for classifying credit collectibility at Bank X. This is due to the class imbalance in the data. This study compares the classification results between parametric statistics, namely discriminant analysis and non-parametric statistics, namely CART and Adaboost CART. The results of the research can be used as material for consideration and evaluation for banks in determining the policy for providing credit to prospective borrowers from the classification results of KPR Bank X consumers.

Comparative Effects of Using Whatsapp and Google Classroom on Language Testing Subject

Since the coronavirus disease (Covid-19) was present in Indonesia, the government took a policy to conduct the online teaching-learning process. Some applications were used in conducting the teaching-learning process. Two applications are most used in South Tapanuli namely WhatsApp and Google Classroom because these applications had the widest range. Based on the background, the research was conducted to investigate whether there were any significant effects of using WhatsApp and Google Classroom on Language Testing subjects in the fifth-semester students of the Education Institute of South Tapanuli. Quasi-experimental was applied (pretest and posttest design) with 25 students for WhatsApp class (experimental class 1) and 25 students for Google Classroom (experimental class 2). Furthermore, the independent sample t-test as the parametric statistics couldn't be used to determine the hypothesis because the data was not normal distribution so the Mann Whitney U test was used which is equivalent to the independent sample t-test. The result of the pretest showed that both groups didn’t give any significant difference because the Man Whitney U test showed Asymp.Sig (2-tailed) was more than 0.05 (0.600>0.05). The result of the posttest showed that both groups didn’t give significant differences either because the Man Whitney U test showed Asymp.Sig (2-tailed) was more than 0.05 (0.541>0.05). This calculation showed there were no significant effects of using WhatsApp and Google Classroom on Language Testing subjects among the fifth-semester students of the Education Institute of South Tapanuli. In other words, this calculation gave us that the use of WhatsApp and Google Classroom gave almost the same effect.

Audit sampling strategies and frauds: an evidence from Africa

Purpose This paper aims to investigate how professionals such as accountants, auditors, senior civil servants and academics perceive the use of audit sampling strategies adopted by professionals to increase detection rates of frauds and corruption within the public sector in Africa. It also examines the respondents’ perceived values regarding the reasons for committing frauds, types of fraud and corruption, as well as the aspects of audit sampling strategies to tackle frauds. Design/methodology/approach This research uses non-parametric statistics and logistic regression to analyse the respondents’ opinions regarding the state of frauds and corruption in Africa (particularly in Tunisia and non-Tunisia countries), the common factors behind people committing frauds, including the types of frauds and corruption and the respondents’ opinions on the use of audit sampling strategies (non-random and random) to examine the instances of frauds and corruption. Findings The findings indicate that most respondents prefer to use non-probabilistic audit sampling rather than more robust sampling strategies such as random sampling and systematic random sampling to detect frauds and corruption. In addition, although there are some minor statistical differences between the countries in terms of the respondents’ perceived values on skimming fraud and on the use of audit random sampling to tackle rampant corruption in Africa, the overall findings indicate that opinions do not significantly differ between the respondents from Tunisia and other countries in terms of the types of fraud, the reasons for committing fraud and the auditing sampling strategies used to investigate the frauds. Research limitations/implications This research serves as an analytical exploratory study to instigate further audit sampling research to combat rampant fraud and corruption in the public sector in Africa. Originality/value There are few or non-existent studies investigating the application of audit sampling strategies in Africa countries, particularly to examine the application of audit random sampling and audit non-random sampling strategies to detect fraudulent activities and corruption. Correspondingly, this research carries strategic implications for accountants and auditors to successfully detect fraudulent activities and corruption in Africa.

Effect of Red Ginger Essential Oil (Zingiber officinale Var. Rubrum) Addition on Chitosan Based Edible Coating towards Organoleptic Characteristics Pempek

This study aims to determine the best concentration of red ginger essential oil addition (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) edible coating to chitosan on the organoleptic quality of pempek. The research method was experimental which consisted of 5 treatments, namely control, addition of red ginger essential oil with concentrations of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% with 20 panelists as replicates. Parameters observed included organoleptic characteristics (appearance, texture, aroma, taste, tooth test, and folding test) based on the panelists' preference level using hedonic tests and chemical analysis (moisture content and fat content) and the shelf life of pempek. The data from the water content and fat content tests were analyzed descriptively, while the organoleptic test results were analyzed using non-parametric statistics with the test Friedman, if the test Friedman gave a rejection, multiple comparisons were performed and test was performed Bayes for decision making. The results showed that the best treatment in extending the shelf life of pempek was treatment D with the addition of 1% red ginger essential oil with a moisture content of 55.30% on the first day and 55.31% on the fourth day. While the fat content on the first day was 1.42% and on the fourth day it rose to 2.72% with the characteristics of appearance, texture, aroma, and taste still favored by the panelists.

A cross-sectional study of COVID-19 impacts in culturally and linguistically diverse communities in greater Western Sydney, Australia

Abstracts Background This study explored the experiences of people from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds in Greater Western Sydney, Australia, in selected livelihood items during COVID-19 and the perceived impacts of the pandemic on their lives. Methods A cross-sectional survey was used to collect data between 25 August and 30 September 2020 among CALD communities in Greater Western Sydney. Information was collected on respondents’ experiences in selected livelihood items, including housing, finances, safety, accessing social services and activities, finding work, food, clothing, and relationships during COVID-19 and the pandemic’s perceived impact on their lives. Descriptive and non-parametric statistics were used to analyze the data. Results One hundred and ninety-eight participants were included in the study, 45.5% male and 54.5% female. Many respondents reported their experience in the selected livelihood items as “worse” during COVID-19 at the time of the study. The feeling of safety was most disrupted, with 56% of respondents rating their experience as “worse”. This experience was followed by accessing social support group activities, with 50% of respondents stating their experience of using this service had worsened. The experience of accessing social services and financial situation was rated as “worse” by 41% of respondents. Experience in finding work, housing, and attending schools were all rated as “worse”. The median perceived impact of COVID-19 among respondents who rated their experience in the selected livelihood items as “worse” were statistically higher than those who rated their experience as the “same”. Respondents’ characteristics also predicted the perceived impact of COVID-19. Unemployed respondents were 3.53 (95% CI: 1.16–10.73, p = 0.026) times more likely to perceive the impact of COVID-19 on their lives as “high” compared to employed respondents. Conclusions The finding demonstrates that the “high” number of respondents had the same situation as before COVID-19 and highlights the level of resilience exhibited by CALD communities in the Australian context. It also suggests that services in Australia were good during the pandemic. However, enhanced policy and initiatives designed to meet the CALD population’s needs are required, particularly in the areas most reported to have been disrupted by changes associated with COVID-19.

Analysis of the livewire software application on students’ learning understanding and motivation on ohm’s law concepts

The study aimed to analyze the conceptual understanding and motivation to learning physics in schools with the help of livewire software. An experimental method with a post-test-only nonequivalent control group design was used to examine Ohm’s Law. The sample for the study consisted of a control class with 36 students and an experimental group comprising 37 learners drawn from a population of 145 through random sampling. Data collection tools used were tests and questionnaires to collect data, which was analyzed using the non-parametric statistics technique. The results showed that the livewire software made students’ understanding of Ohm’s Law concepts better compared to learning without the help of the software. Livewire software can motivate students to study Ohm’s Law.

The Application of 5E Learning Cycle Model Towards Students Learning Activities on Salt Hydrolysis Subject Material in Grade XI SMAN 1 Pakem Academic Year 2019/2020

This study aims to determine whether there is a significant difference between the application of the 5E Learning Cycle model and conventional learning towards learning activities on salt hydrolysis subject material. The type of research used experimental research. The study population was all students of grade XI at SMA Negeri 1 Pakem in the academic year 2019/2020, totaling 5 classes. The research sample used XI MIPA 1 class as the experimental class and XI MIPA 2 class as the control class which was taken by purposive sampling technique. Data collection through non-test techniques in the form of questionnaires and observations. Data analysis techniques on learning activity variables used Parametric Statistics Independent Sample T-Test for observational data and Non-Parametric Statistics for the Mann-Whitney test for questionnaire data. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between students who take learning with the 5E Learning Cycle model and students who take conventional learning towards learning activities.