scholarly journals Aluminium tolerance mechanisms inPhaseolus vulgarisL.: Citrate synthase activity and TTC reduction are well correlated with citrate secretion

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 939-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisha Njue Mugai ◽  
Stephen Gaya Agong ◽  
Hideaki Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Aluminium Tolerance ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms ◽  
Citrate Secretion

Corrigendum to: Mitochondrial enzymes and citrate transporter contribute to the aluminium-induced citrate secretion from soybean (Glycine max) roots

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muyun Xu ◽  
Jiangfeng You ◽  
Ningning Hou ◽  
Hongmei Zhang ◽  
Guang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Mitochondrial Enzymes ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Citrate Transporter ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Soybean Roots ◽  
Citrate Secretion ◽  
Al Treatment

The concentration of soluble aluminium (Al) in the soil solution increases at low pH and the prevalence of toxic Al3+ cations represent the main factor limiting plant growth on acid soils. Citrate secretion from roots is an important Al-tolerance mechanism in many species including soybean. We isolated mitochondria from the roots of an Al-resistant soybean (Glycine max L.) cv. Jiyu 70 to investigate the relationship between citrate metabolism and Al-induced citrate secretion. Spectrophotometric assays revealed that the activities of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase increased and aconitase decreased with increasing of Al concentration (0–50 µM) and duration of Al treatment (30 µM Al, 0.5–9 h). Al-induced citrate secretion was inhibited by the citrate synthase inhibitor suramin, and enhanced by the aconitase inhibitor fluorocitric acid. Mersalyl acid, an inhibitor of a citrate carrier located in mitochondria membrane, also suppressed Al-induced citrate secretion. Transcript level of the mitochondrial citrate synthase gene increased in soybean roots exposed to Al, whereas expression of aconitase showed no significant difference. Expression of Gm-AlCT, a gene showing homology to Al-activated citrate transporters was also induced after 4 h in Al treatment. The Al-dependent changes in activity and expression of these enzymes are consistent with them supporting the sustained release of citrate from soybean roots.

Differential Expression of Aluminium Tolerance Mechanisms in Cowpea Genotypes under Phosphorus Limitation

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 854-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Akinrinde ◽  
L. Iroh . ◽  
G.O. Obigbesan . ◽  
T. Hilger . ◽  
G. Neumann . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Phosphorus Limitation ◽  
Aluminium Tolerance ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms

Mitochondrial enzymes and citrate transporter contribute to the aluminium-induced citrate secretion from soybean (Glycine max) roots

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muyun Xu ◽  
Jiangfeng You ◽  
Ningning Hou ◽  
Hongmei Zhang ◽  
Guang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Mitochondrial Enzymes ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Citrate Transporter ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Soybean Roots ◽  
Citrate Secretion ◽  
Al Treatment

The concentration of soluble aluminium (Al) in the soil solution increases at low pH and the prevalence of toxic Al3+ cations represent the main factor limiting plant growth on acid soils. Citrate secretion from roots is an important Al-tolerance mechanism in many species including soybean. We isolated mitochondria from the roots of an Al-resistant soybean (Glycine max L.) cv. Jiyu 70 to investigate the relationship between citrate metabolism and Al-induced citrate secretion. Spectrophotometric assays revealed that the activities of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase increased and aconitase decreased with increasing of Al concentration (0–50 µM) and duration of Al treatment (30 µM Al, 0.5–9 h). Al-induced citrate secretion was inhibited by the citrate synthase inhibitor suramin, and enhanced by the aconitase inhibitor fluorocitric acid. Mersalyl acid, an inhibitor of a citrate carrier located in mitochondria membrane, also suppressed Al-induced citrate secretion. Transcript level of the mitochondrial citrate synthase gene increased in soybean roots exposed to Al, whereas expression of aconitase showed no significant difference. Expression of Gm-AlCT, a gene showing homology to Al-activated citrate transporters was also induced after 4 h in Al treatment. The Al-dependent changes in activity and expression of these enzymes are consistent with them supporting the sustained release of citrate from soybean roots.

scholarly journals Involvement ofASRgenes in aluminium tolerance mechanisms in rice

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAFAEL AUGUSTO ARENHART ◽  
JULIO CÉSAR DE LIMA ◽  
MARCELO PEDRON ◽  
FABRICIO E. L. CARVALHO ◽  
JOAQUIM ALBENISIO GOMES DA SILVEIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aluminium Tolerance ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms

scholarly journals Metabolic acclimation supports higher aluminium-induced secretion of citrate and malate in an aluminium-tolerant hybrid clone of Eucalyptus

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wannian Li ◽  
Patrick M. Finnegan ◽  
Qin Dai ◽  
Dongqiang Guo ◽  
Mei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acid ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Anion Channel ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Protein Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Citrate Secretion

Abstract Background Eucalyptus is the main plantation wood species, mostly grown in aluminized acid soils. To understand the response of Eucalyptus clones to aluminum (Al) toxicity, the Al-tolerant Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla clone GL-9 (designated “G9”) and the Al-sensitive E. urophylla clone GL-4 (designated “W4”) were employed to investigate the production and secretion of citrate and malate by roots. Results Eucalyptus seedlings in hydroponics were exposed to the presence or absence of 4.4 mM Al at pH 4.0 for 24 h. The protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHM) and anion channel blocker phenylglyoxal (PG) were applied to explore possible pathways involved in organic acid secretion. The secretion of malate and citrate was earlier and greater in G9 than in W4, corresponding to less Al accumulation in G9. The concentration of Al in G9 roots peaked after 1 h and decreased afterwards, corresponding with a rapid induction of malate secretion. A time-lag of about 6 h in citrate efflux in G9 was followed by robust secretion to support continuous Al-detoxification. Malate secretion alone may alleviate Al toxicity because the peaks of Al accumulation and malate secretion were simultaneous in W4, which did not secrete appreciable citrate. Enhanced activities of citrate synthase (CS) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), and reduced activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), aconitase (ACO) and malic enzyme (ME) were closely associated with the greater secretion of citrate in G9. PG effectively inhibited citrate and malate secretion in both Eucalyptus clones. CHM also inhibited malate and citrate secretion in G9, and citrate secretion in W4, but notably did not affect malate secretion in W4. Conclusions G9 immediately secrete malate from roots, which had an initial effect on Al-detoxification, followed by time-delayed citrate secretion. Pre-existing anion channel protein first contributed to malate secretion, while synthesis of carrier protein appeared to be needed for citrate excretion. The changes of organic acid concentrations in response to Al can be achieved by enhanced CS and PEPC activities, but was supported by changes in the activities of other enzymes involved in organic acid metabolism. The above information may help to further explore genes related to Al-tolerance in Eucalyptus.

scholarly journals Metabolic acclimation supports higher aluminium-induced secretion of citrate and malate in an aluminium-tolerant hybrid clone of Eucalyptus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wannian Li ◽  
Patrick M. Finnegan ◽  
Qin Dai ◽  
Dongqiang Guo ◽  
Mei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acid ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Anion Channel ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Protein Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Citrate Secretion

Abstract Background: Eucalyptus is the main plantation wood species, mostly grown in aluminized acid soils. To understand the response of Eucalyptus clones to aluminum (Al) toxicity, the Al-tolerant Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla clone GL-9 (designated “G9”) and the Al-sensitive E. urophylla clone GL-4 (designated “W4”) were employed to investigate the production and secretion of citrate and malate by roots.Results: Eucalyptus seedlings in hydroponics were exposed to the presence or absence of 4.4 mM Al at pH 4.0 for 24 hours. The protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHM) and anion channel blocker phenylglyoxal (PG) were applied to explore possible pathways involved in organic acid secretion. The secretion of malate and citrate was earlier and greater in G9 than in W4, corresponding to less Al accumulation in G9. The concentration of Al in G9 roots peaked after 1h and decreased afterwards, corresponding with a rapid induction of malate secretion. A time-lag of about 6h in citrate efflux in G9 was followed by robust secretion to support continuous Al-detoxification. Malate secretion alone may alleviate Al toxicity because the peaks of Al accumulation and malate secretion were simultaneous in W4, which did not secrete appreciable citrate. Enhanced activities of citrate synthase (CS) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), and reduced activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), aconitase (ACO) and malic enzyme (ME) were closely associated with the greater secretion of citrate in G9. PG effectively inhibited citrate and malate secretion in both Eucalyptus clones. CHM also inhibited malate and citrate secretion in G9, and citrate secretion in W4, but notably did not affect malate secretion in W4. Conclusions: G9 immediately secrete malate from roots, which had an initial effect on Al-detoxification, followed by time-delayed citrate secretion. Pre-existing anion channel protein first contributed to malate secretion, while synthesis of carrier protein appeared to be needed for citrate excretion. The changes of organic acid concentrations in response to Al can be achieved by enhanced CS and PEPC activities, but was supported by changes in the activities of other enzymes involved in organic acid metabolism. The above information may help to further explore genes related to Al-tolerance in Eucalyptus.

scholarly journals Metabolic acclimation supports higher aluminium-induced secretion of citrate and malate in an aluminium-tolerant hybrid clone of Eucalyptus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wannian Li ◽  
Patrick Finnegan ◽  
Qin Dai ◽  
Dongqiang Guo ◽  
Mei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acid ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Anion Channel ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Protein Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Citrate Secretion

Abstract Background: Eucalyptus is the main plantation wood species, mostly grown in aluminized acid soils. To understand the response of Eucalyptus clones to aluminum (Al) toxicity, the Al-tolerant Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla clone GL-9 (designated “G9”) and the Al-sensitive E. urophylla clone GL-4 (designated “W4”) were employed to investigate the production and secretion of citrate and malate by roots.Results: Eucalyptus seedlings in hydroponics were exposed to the presence or absence of 4.4 mM Al at pH 4.0 for 24 hours. The protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHM) and anion channel blocker phenylglyoxal (PG) were applied to explore possible pathways involved in organic acid secretion. The secretion of malate and citrate was earlier and greater in G9 than in W4, corresponding to less Al accumulation in G9. The concentration of Al in G9 roots peaked after 1h and decreased afterwards, corresponding with a rapid induction of malate secretion. A time-lag of about 6h in citrate efflux in G9 was followed by robust secretion to support continuous Al-detoxification. Malate secretion alone may alleviate Al toxicity because the peaks of Al accumulation and malate secretion were simultaneous in W4, which did not secrete appreciable citrate. Enhanced activities of citrate synthase (CS) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), and reduced activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), aconitase (ACO) and malic enzyme (ME) were closely associated with the greater secretion of citrate in G9. PG effectively inhibited citrate and malate secretion in both Eucalyptus clones. CHM also inhibited malate and citrate secretion in G9, and citrate secretion in W4, but notably did not affect malate secretion in W4.Conclusions: G9 immediately secrete malate from roots, which had an initial effect on Al-detoxification, followed by time-delayed citrate secretion. Pre-existing anion channel protein first contributed to malate secretion, while synthesis of carrier protein appeared to be needed for citrate excretion. The changes of organic acid concentrations in response to Al can be achieved by enhanced CS and PEPC activities, but was supported by changes in the activities of other enzymes involved in organic acid metabolism. The above information may help to further explore genes related to Al-tolerance in Eucalyptus.

Physiology of Heat Stress and Tolerance Mechanisms - An Overview

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-64
Author(s):  
A. Hemantaranjan ◽  
◽  
C.P. Malik ◽  
A. Nishant Bhanu ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms

Identification of binding partners of CsaA - an archaeal chaperonic pro-tein of Picrophilus torridus

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neelja Singhal ◽  
Archana Sharma ◽  
Manisha Aswal ◽  
Nirpendra Singh ◽  
Manish Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Trna Synthetase ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Beta Chain ◽  
Protein Protein Interactions ◽  
Uncharacterized Protein ◽  
Binding Partners ◽  
Picrophilus Torridus

Background:: CsaA is among the few chaperones which are present in both bacteria and archaea, but absent in eukaryotes. There are no reports on interactome analysis of CsaA from archaea, till date. Identification of binding partners of CsaA might be helpful in understanding CsaA-associated processes in Picrophilus torridus– an extreme thermoaci-dophilic euryarchaeon. Objectives:: The present study was conducted to identify the binding partners of CsaA of P. torridus (PtCsaA). Methods:: The binding partners of PtCsaA were isolated and identified using a pull down assay and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Results:: The results revealed twelve potential binding partners of CsaA. These were thermosome subunits (Q6KZS2 and Q6L132), nascent polypeptide-associated complex protein (Q6L1N3), elongation factor 1-alpha (Q6L202), uncharacterized protein (Q6L0Y6), citrate synthase (Q6L0M8), asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase (Q6L0M5), succinyl-CoA synthetase beta chain (Q6L0B4), pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase alpha and beta chain proteins (Q6KZA7 and Q6KZA6, respectively), malate dehydrogenase (Q6L0C3) and reversed fumarylacetoacetase (Q6KZ97). Functional categorization revealed that of these, six proteins were involved in energy metabolic pathways, three were archaeal chaperones, two were involved in trans-lation and one might be a transcription regulator. STRING-based analysis of the protein-protein interactions of the experi-mental interactome revealed strong interactions among them. Conclusion:: PtCsaA might be a multifaceted protein which besides translation might also play important role in metabolic processes of P. torridus. However, further experiments investigating the binding partners of CsaA in other archaea are re-quired for a better understanding of CsaA-associated processes in archaea.

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