scholarly journals Chemical forms of iron in xylem sap from graminaceous and non-graminaceous plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoko Ariga ◽  
Kenji Hazama ◽  
Shuichi Yanagisawa ◽  
Tadakatsu Yoneyama
Keyword(s):  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Chemical Forms ◽  
Graminaceous Plants ◽  
Forms Of Iron

Chemical Forms of Iron, Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc, and Copper from Rats Diets Containing Tea

1988 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 711-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAUREN S. JACKSON ◽  
KEN LEE
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Chemical Forms ◽  
Chemical Availability ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Low Solubility ◽  
Forms Of Iron

Chemical forms of iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc and copper were measured in rat diets containing 0–3.5% instant black tea. As instant tea in diets increased, more iron was soluble and ionic. Diets containing tea had more complexed iron than without. Calcium had low solubility (10–12%) while almost all magnesium (92–98%) was soluble in all diets. Solubility of zinc and copper increased as the level of tea in diets increased. Chemical availability of iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc was measured in a rat diet without tea (control), containing 2.31% black tea solids and containing 2.31% green tea solids. The control had more soluble (56%), ionic (37%) and complexed (19%) iron than green tea (18%, 2.3%, 16%, respectively) or black tea (8.7%, 4.8%, 3.9%, respectively) diets. Diets did not differ in calcium or magnesium solubility. Zinc was more soluble in both tea diets than the control. Some mineral profiles of the rat diets could be predicted by mineral profiles of teas alone. Changes in mineral profiles were induced by mixing tea with diet components or by freeze drying tea. Chemical availability of minerals in rat diets predicted some but not all results from a rat bioavailability assay.

Discrepancies Between Chemical Forms of Iron in Prenatal Supplements and Forms Tested in Clinical Trials

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (9) ◽  
pp. A54
Author(s):  
L. Saldanha ◽  
J. Dwyer ◽  
L. Brown ◽  
K. Andrews ◽  
P. Gusev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Chemical Forms ◽  
Forms Of Iron

scholarly journals Forms of iron in parent rocks of soils developed from Lower Triassic (Buntsandstein) deposits in the NE part of the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland)

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-271
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Zagórski ◽  
Monika Kisiel
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Oxalate ◽  
Lower Triassic ◽  
Chemical Forms ◽  
Iron Minerals ◽  
Carbonate Cement ◽  
Holy Cross Mountains ◽  
The North ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
Forms Of Iron

Abstract The aim of the study was to characterize pedogenic iron forms in the sediments of the Lower Triassic (Buntsandstein) in the north-eastern part of the Holy Cross Mountains. These are sediments of continental origin and unique features as the so-called ‘red beds’. Three main types of rocks were studied – sandstones, mudstones and claystones. Chemical forms of iron: Fet (XRF), FeHCl (6M HCl), Fed (dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate, DCB), Feo (ammonium oxalate), Fep (sodium pyrophosphate) were determined. The XRD method revealed the occurrence of goethite in sandstones and hematite in mudstones and claystones. Differential XRD (DXRD) analysis did not show the presence of amorphous iron minerals. The average Fet content in sandstones was 83 g·kg−1, in mudstones 47 g·kg−1, in claystones 55 g·kg−1, while there were lower concentrations of Fed (66 g·kg−1, 13 g·kg−1, 26 g·kg−1, respectively). Feo form content was in the range of 0.3–4 g·kg–1, while there were only traces of Fep. Only Fet and FeHCl occurred in good correlation. In the pedogenic interpretation of the studied rocks, mutual relations between chemical forms of iron were used and their reference to the identified iron minerals. Siltstones and claystones have high resistance to pedogenic factors, which is indicated by low release rates Fed:Fet and very low amorphization index Feo:Fed. The reason is the presence of well crystalline hematite in these rocks. In sandstones, resistance is conditioned by the occurrence of goethite in the matrix. Chemical destruction of iron-carbonate cement promotes the release and amorphization of iron in soils developed from sandstones. The presented results indicate that the specificity of Lower Triassic rocks is important for the proper classification and assessment of properties of soils with a characteristic red colour.

Study on Chemical Forms of Iron in Photographic Gelatin†

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Yue ◽  
B. Huang ◽  
F. Xiong ◽  
J. Al ◽  
A. Yue
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Forms ◽  
Forms Of Iron

Chemical forms of aluminum in xylem sap of tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.)

2004 ◽  
Vol 65 (20) ◽  
pp. 2775-2780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akio Morita ◽  
Hideki Horie ◽  
Yousuke Fujii ◽  
Satoshi Takatsu ◽  
Naoharu Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Chemical Forms ◽  
Tea Plants

Uranium Redistribution and Fixation During Chlorite Weathering at Koongarra, Australia

1991 ◽  
Vol 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Murakami ◽  
Hiroshi Isobe ◽  
Tetsushi Nagano ◽  
Satoru Nakashima
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Electron Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Chemical Forms ◽  
Uranium Ore ◽  
Iron Minerals ◽  
Hematite Fe2o3 ◽  
Forms Of Iron

ABSTRACTThe chemical forms of iron minerals and uranyl species have been examined non-destructively by visible microspectroscopy and electron microprobe analysis in order to obtain a better understanding of uranium redistribution and fixation mechanisms. The uranyl species are associated with sub-micron sized iron minerals, such as hematite (Fe2O3), goethite (FeOOH), and ferrihydrite (Fe4-5(OH,O)12). Additionally, some uranium is fixed to goethite in weathered chlorite grains. Sub-micron sized saleeite, Mg(UO2)2(PO4)2. 1OH2O, is the most probable uranyl phase associated with the iron minerals. This suggests that the uranium fixation in the vicinity of the Koongarra uranium ore deposits is the result of the coprecipitation and sorption of microcrystals of saleeite on to the iron minerals released during weathering of chlorite.

scholarly journals The Chemical Forms of Iron in Commercial Prenatal Supplements Are Not Always the Same as Those Tested in Clinical Trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (6) ◽  
pp. 890-893
Author(s):  
Leila G Saldanha ◽  
Johanna T Dwyer ◽  
Karen W Andrews ◽  
LaVerne L Brown
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Ferrous Sulfate ◽  
Chemical Form ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Chemical Forms ◽  
Iron Supplements ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
The Us ◽  
Forms Of Iron

ABSTRACT In the US, 70% of pregnant women use an iron-containing prenatal supplement product; however, only 2.6% of pregnant women have iron-deficiency anemia and 16.3% are iron deficient. Yet, published data on the amounts and chemical forms of iron used in formulating these products are not available, although they are known to affect bioavailability. This information is especially important in comparing commercially available products with those that were tested in clinical trials. Our examination of nonprescription and prescription iron-containing prenatal supplement products in NIH's Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) and DailyMed found the labeled amount of elemental iron ranged between 9 and 60 mg/serving in 148 nonprescription supplements and between 4.5 and 106 mg/serving in 101 prescription supplements. Ferrous fumarate was the preferred chemical form used in these products. In contrast, ferrous sulfate was the preferred chemical form of iron reported in the clinical trials summarized in a 2015 Cochrane Systematic review assessing the effects of daily oral iron supplements for pregnant women. Ferrous sulfate was not found on any prenatal supplement product label in the DSLD or DailyMed. The chemical forms of products on the market and those tested in clinical trials are dissimilar, and we believe this may have clinical implications. The findings raise several questions. Do outcomes in clinical trials correlate with the benefits and risks that might adhere to iron supplements with different iron formulations? Should the differences in chemical forms, their bioavailability, and safety profiles, be considered in greater depth when evaluating the effect of the various formulations on maternal iron nutriture? Should new clinical trials for pregnant and lactating women in the US use a form of iron not found in prenatal supplements sold in the US or should a more common form be used?

Chemical Forms of Iron, Calcium, Magnesium and Zinc in Coffee and Rat Diets Containing Coffee

1988 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 883-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAUREN S. JACKSON ◽  
KEN LEE
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Chemical Forms ◽  
Instant Coffee ◽  
Decaffeinated Coffee ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Ionic Iron ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Low Solubility ◽  
Forms Of Iron ◽  
Soluble Complexes

Chemical forms of iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc (mineral profiles) were measured in brews of regular and decaffeinated instant coffee and diets containing these coffees. Iron, calcium and magnesium were highly soluble (90–98%) in brews of both coffees and zinc could not be detected. All ionic iron was in the ferric state and 40–48% of total iron was in soluble complexes. Iron was less soluble in a rat diet containing regular instant coffee (57%) and a diet containing decaffeinated coffee (62%) than in a control diet (74%). Diets had the same amounts of ferric and ionic iron (43–45%). More iron was in soluble complexes in control (29%) and decaffeinated coffee (21%) diets than a regular coffee diet (12%). Calcium had low solubility (12–14%) while magnesium had high solubility in diets. Zinc was more soluble in both coffee diets than in the control. Some mineral profiles of rat diets containing coffee were similar to mineral profiles of coffee alone. Differences indicated that mixing coffee into diets induced changes in coffee. Mineral profiles of diets predicted some results of a rat bioavailability assay.

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