scholarly journals Forms of iron in parent rocks of soils developed from Lower Triassic (Buntsandstein) deposits in the NE part of the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland)

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-271
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Zagórski ◽  
Monika Kisiel
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Oxalate ◽  
Lower Triassic ◽  
Chemical Forms ◽  
Iron Minerals ◽  
Carbonate Cement ◽  
Holy Cross Mountains ◽  
The North ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
Forms Of Iron

Abstract The aim of the study was to characterize pedogenic iron forms in the sediments of the Lower Triassic (Buntsandstein) in the north-eastern part of the Holy Cross Mountains. These are sediments of continental origin and unique features as the so-called ‘red beds’. Three main types of rocks were studied – sandstones, mudstones and claystones. Chemical forms of iron: Fet (XRF), FeHCl (6M HCl), Fed (dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate, DCB), Feo (ammonium oxalate), Fep (sodium pyrophosphate) were determined. The XRD method revealed the occurrence of goethite in sandstones and hematite in mudstones and claystones. Differential XRD (DXRD) analysis did not show the presence of amorphous iron minerals. The average Fet content in sandstones was 83 g·kg−1, in mudstones 47 g·kg−1, in claystones 55 g·kg−1, while there were lower concentrations of Fed (66 g·kg−1, 13 g·kg−1, 26 g·kg−1, respectively). Feo form content was in the range of 0.3–4 g·kg–1, while there were only traces of Fep. Only Fet and FeHCl occurred in good correlation. In the pedogenic interpretation of the studied rocks, mutual relations between chemical forms of iron were used and their reference to the identified iron minerals. Siltstones and claystones have high resistance to pedogenic factors, which is indicated by low release rates Fed:Fet and very low amorphization index Feo:Fed. The reason is the presence of well crystalline hematite in these rocks. In sandstones, resistance is conditioned by the occurrence of goethite in the matrix. Chemical destruction of iron-carbonate cement promotes the release and amorphization of iron in soils developed from sandstones. The presented results indicate that the specificity of Lower Triassic rocks is important for the proper classification and assessment of properties of soils with a characteristic red colour.

Uranium Redistribution and Fixation During Chlorite Weathering at Koongarra, Australia

1991 ◽  
Vol 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Murakami ◽  
Hiroshi Isobe ◽  
Tetsushi Nagano ◽  
Satoru Nakashima
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Electron Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Chemical Forms ◽  
Uranium Ore ◽  
Iron Minerals ◽  
Hematite Fe2o3 ◽  
Forms Of Iron

ABSTRACTThe chemical forms of iron minerals and uranyl species have been examined non-destructively by visible microspectroscopy and electron microprobe analysis in order to obtain a better understanding of uranium redistribution and fixation mechanisms. The uranyl species are associated with sub-micron sized iron minerals, such as hematite (Fe2O3), goethite (FeOOH), and ferrihydrite (Fe4-5(OH,O)12). Additionally, some uranium is fixed to goethite in weathered chlorite grains. Sub-micron sized saleeite, Mg(UO2)2(PO4)2. 1OH2O, is the most probable uranyl phase associated with the iron minerals. This suggests that the uranium fixation in the vicinity of the Koongarra uranium ore deposits is the result of the coprecipitation and sorption of microcrystals of saleeite on to the iron minerals released during weathering of chlorite.

V.—Mr. Harkee and Mr. Debley on the Scandinavian Ice-Sheet

1894 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 496-499
Author(s):  
Henry H. Howorth
Keyword(s):  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
The North ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Glacier Ice ◽  
Inductive Methods ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Antarctic Continent ◽  
The Alps ◽  
The Difference

Mr. Deeley tells your readers that he has recently been to the summit of Mont Blanc, and has been studying the difference between névé and glacier ice. This is interesting; but we thought that a great many people had done the same thing during the last hundred years, and we thought that one of them, Forbes, had studied the famous Mountain and the phenomenoninquestion to good effect, not in a casual visit to the Alps, but in the course of many years of patient labour. Among other things we also thought he had shown that in a viscous body like ice, the slope of the upper surface necessary to make it begin to move is the same as the slope which, would be required to induce motion in the ice if its bed were inclined at an angle. He further collected considerable evidence to show what the least angle is upon which ice will begin to move. This is the slope, the least slope, available. It is nothing less than astounding to me that anyone should venture to postulate a Scand in avian ice-sheet in the North Sea until he had considered this necessary factor, and how it would operate.The Scand in avian ice-sheet was, I believe, the invention of Croll, who, sittinginhis arm-chair and endowed with a brilliant imagination, imposed upon sober science this extraordinary postulate. He did not dream of testing it by an examination of the coasts of Norway, or even of Britain, but put it forward apparently as a magnificent deduction. All deductions untested by experiment are dangerous. Thus it came about that the great monster which is said to have come from Norway, goodness knows by what mechanical process, speedily dissolved away on the application of inductive methods. Of course it still maintained its hold upon that section, of geologists who dogmatiseinprint a great deal about the Glacial period before they have ever seen a glacier at work at all; but I am speaking of those who have studied the problem inductively. First Mr. James Geikie, a disciple of Croll, was obliged to confess that this ice-sheet, which is actually said to have advanced as far as the hundred-fathom line in the Atlantic, and there presented a cliff of ice like the Antarctic continent, never can have reached the Faroes, which had an ice-sheet of their own. Next Messrs. Peach and Home were constrained to admit that no traces of it of any kind occur in the Orkneys, or in Eastern Scotland. They still maintained its presence in the Shetlands; however, this was upon evidence which is somewhat extraordinary. I do not mean the evidence as to the direction of the striation, which was so roughly handled by Mr. Milne-Home, but I mean the evidence they adduce that the boulders found on the islands are apparently all local ones, and that, contrary to the deposits of glaciers, they diminish in number as we recede from the matrix whence they were derived.

Age and Geochemical Studies of the Snyder Breccia, Coastal Labrador

1975 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackson M. Barton Jr. ◽  
Erika S. Barton
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Layered Intrusion ◽  
Basement Complex ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
The North ◽  
Isotopic Analyses ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Geochemical Studies

The Snyder breccia is composed of angular to subrounded xenoliths of migmatites and amphibolites in a very fine grained matrix. It is apparently intrusive into the metasediments of the Snyder Group exposed at Snyder Bay, Labrador. The Snyder Group unconformably overlies a migmatitic and amphibolitic basement complex and is intruded by the Kiglapait layered intrusion. K–Ar ages indicate that the basement complex is Archean in age (> 2600 m.y. old) and that the Kiglapait layered intrusion was emplaced prior to 1280 m.y. ago. Major and trace element analyses of the matrix of the Snyder breccia indicate that while it was originally of tonalitic composition, later it locally underwent alteration characterized by loss of sodium and strontium and gain of potassium, rubidium and barium. Rb–Sr isotopic analyses show that this alteration occurred about 1842 m.y. ago, most probably contemporaneously with emplacement of the breccia. The Snyder Group thus was deposited sometime between 2600 and 1842 m.y. ago and may be correlative with other Aphebian successions preserved on the North Atlantic Archean craton.

SIMILARITIES IN THE SURNAMES OF ISLAND AND CONTINENTAL POPULATIONS OF THE NORTH-WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN AREA

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. LUCCHETTI ◽  
M. TASSO ◽  
P. PIZZETTI ◽  
S. DE IASIO ◽  
G. U. CARAVELLO
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
The North ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Mediterranean Regions ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
North Western

SummaryThis paper compares the structures of the surnames of 75 municipal populations living in six north-western Mediterranean regions. Its purpose is to unravel the relations between the local populations in Corsica and Sardinia and the links between these populations and those living in the Italian and French continental territory. On the basis of the matrix of similarity of surnames, some topological representations have been drafted showing the above-mentioned relations between populations under the light of their geographical position, their recent history and studies of genetic analysis. Corsica has an eterogeneous surname structure and evident similarity of the north with Tuscany and some centres of continental France. When only the populations of Sardinia were taken into consideration, it emerged that they differ among each other in relation to their geographical position and their history; when, instead, they were considered in relation to other populations outside the island, it was possible to observe that they form a highly different cluster. This study also identified many differences in the analysed geographical areas of Sardinia. In the minor islands – Elba, Giglio, Capraia – the structure of the surnames has a Tuscan origin as well as some similarity with other geographically distant areas, as in the case of the island of Giglio, if compared with some communities of Liguria.

THE DEPOSITIONAL HISTORY OF A PORTION OF THE NORTH PERTH BASIN—A SINGLE WELL DIPMETER ANALYSIS

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
K. J. Bird ◽  
W. F. Coleman ◽  
H. Crocker
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Lower Triassic ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Lower Jurassic ◽  
Depositional History ◽  
The North ◽  
Single Well ◽  
History Of

Four-arm dipmeter interpretation has been integrated with other wireline logs, lithologic and palaeontologic data, and regional geology to arrive at a history of the deposition in a portion of the North Perth Basin.The Permian sediments were deposited in a moderate to low energy, paralic to marine environment. They were unconformably overlain by a thin transgressive Lower Triassic sand and deepwater marine shale. The Middle Triassic sediments were deposited as a regressive marine sequence under the influence of a strong southwesterly uplift, and culminated in piedmont talus deposits of Upper Triassic age.In the Lower Jurassic this area evolved through a flood-plain environment to a paralic environment with a northeast-southwest oriented coastline and a northern source area. During the Middle Jurassic gentle crustal movements, coupled with an increasingly active northern and eastern source area, resulted in several cycles of nearshore deposition, and finally a marine transgression.Subsequent violent tectonic uplift to the east in the Upper Jurassic produced massive first generation sands which were deposited in a mainly continental environment.

Observations on the Lower Triassic petroleum prospectivity of the offshore Carnarvon and Roebuck basins

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Molyneux ◽  
Jeff Goodall ◽  
Roisin McGee ◽  
George Mills ◽  
Birgitta Hartung-Kagi
Keyword(s):  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Lower Triassic ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Upper Permian ◽  
Regional Study ◽  
North West ◽  
Petroleum Systems ◽  
The North ◽  
Depositional Processes ◽  
Water Margin

Why are the only commercial hydrocarbon discoveries in Lower Triassic and Permian sediments of the western margin of Australia restricted to the Perth Basin and the Petrel Sub-basin? Recent regional analysis by Carnarvon Petroleum has sought to address some key questions about the Lower Triassic Locker Shale and Upper Permian Chinty and Kennedy formations petroleum systems along the shallow water margin of the Carnarvon and offshore Canning (Roebuck/Bedout) basins. This paper aims to address the following questions:Source: Is there evidence in the wells drilled to date of a working petroleum system tied to the Locker Shale or other pre-Jurassic source rocks? Reservoir: What is the palaeogeography and sedimentology of the stratigraphic units and what are the implications for the petroleum systems?The authors believed that a fresh look at the Lower Triassic to Upper Permian petroleum prospectivity of the North West Shelf would be beneficial, and key observations arising from the regional study undertaken are highlighted:Few wells along a 2,000 km area have drilled into Lower Triassic Locker Shale or older stratigraphy. Several of these wells have been geochemically and isotopically typed to potentially non Jurassic source rocks. The basal Triassic Hovea Member of the Kockatea Shale in the Perth Basin is a proven commercial oil source rock and a Hovea Member Equivalent has been identified through palynology and a distinctive sapropelic/algal kerogen facies in nearly 16 wells that penetrate the full Lower Triassic interval on the North West Shelf. Samples from the Upper Permian, the Hovea Member Equivalent and the Locker Shale have been analysed isotopically indicating –28, –34 and –30 delta C13 averages, respectively. Lower Triassic and Upper Permian reservoirs are often high net to gross sands with up to 1,000 mD permeability and around 20% porosity. Depositional processes are varied, from Locker Shale submarine canyon systems to a mixed carbonate clastic marine coastline/shelf of the Upper Permian Chinty and Kennedy formations.

Recent exploration results in the Lower Triassic, Bedout Sub-basin: Australia's next petroleum province?

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Thompson ◽  
Fred Wehr ◽  
Jack Woodward ◽  
Jon Minken ◽  
Gino D'Orazio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Lower Triassic ◽  
Effective Porosity ◽  
Petroleum System ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Detailed Interpretation

Commencing in 2014, Quadrant Energy and partners have undertaken an active exploration program in the Bedout Sub-basin with a 100% success rate, discovering four hydrocarbon accumulations with four wells. The primary exploration target in the basin, the Middle Triassic Lower Keraudren Formation, encompasses the reservoirs, source rocks and seals that have trapped hydrocarbons in a self-contained petroleum system. This petroleum system is older than the traditional plays on the North-West Shelf and before recent activity was very poorly understood and easily overlooked. Key reservoirs occur at burial depths of 3500–5500 m, deeper than many of the traditional plays on the North-West Shelf and exhibit variable reservoir quality. Oil and gas-condensate discovered in the first two wells, Phoenix South-1 and Roc-1, raised key questions on the preservation of effective porosity and productivity sufficient to support a commercial development. With the acquisition and detailed interpretation of 119 m of core over the Caley Member reservoir in Roc-2 and a successful drill stem test that was surface equipment constrained to 55 MMscf/d, the productive potential of this reservoir interval has been confirmed. The results of the exploration program to date, combined with acquisition of new 3D/2D seismic data, have enabled a deeper understanding of the potential of the Bedout Sub-basin. A detailed basin model has been developed and a large suite of prospects and leads are recognised across a family of hydrocarbon plays. Two key wells currently scheduled for 2018 (Phoenix South-3 and Dorado-1) will provide critical information about the scale of this opportunity.

Chemical Forms of Iron, Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc, and Copper from Rats Diets Containing Tea

1988 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 711-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAUREN S. JACKSON ◽  
KEN LEE
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Chemical Forms ◽  
Chemical Availability ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Low Solubility ◽  
Forms Of Iron

Chemical forms of iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc and copper were measured in rat diets containing 0–3.5% instant black tea. As instant tea in diets increased, more iron was soluble and ionic. Diets containing tea had more complexed iron than without. Calcium had low solubility (10–12%) while almost all magnesium (92–98%) was soluble in all diets. Solubility of zinc and copper increased as the level of tea in diets increased. Chemical availability of iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc was measured in a rat diet without tea (control), containing 2.31% black tea solids and containing 2.31% green tea solids. The control had more soluble (56%), ionic (37%) and complexed (19%) iron than green tea (18%, 2.3%, 16%, respectively) or black tea (8.7%, 4.8%, 3.9%, respectively) diets. Diets did not differ in calcium or magnesium solubility. Zinc was more soluble in both tea diets than the control. Some mineral profiles of the rat diets could be predicted by mineral profiles of teas alone. Changes in mineral profiles were induced by mixing tea with diet components or by freeze drying tea. Chemical availability of minerals in rat diets predicted some but not all results from a rat bioavailability assay.

Discrepancies Between Chemical Forms of Iron in Prenatal Supplements and Forms Tested in Clinical Trials

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (9) ◽  
pp. A54
Author(s):  
L. Saldanha ◽  
J. Dwyer ◽  
L. Brown ◽  
K. Andrews ◽  
P. Gusev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Chemical Forms ◽  
Forms Of Iron
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