The influence of a sweat rate on heat losses of the selected segments of a sweating thermal manikin

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (12) ◽  
pp. 1784-1791
Author(s):  
Magdalena Młynarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Sweat Rate ◽  
Heat Losses ◽  
Thermal Manikin ◽  
Sweating Thermal Manikin

Functional Design and Evaluation of Structural Firefighter Turnout Suits for Improved Thermal Comfort

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith McQuerry ◽  
Roger Barker ◽  
Emiel DenHartog
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Sweat Rate ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Thermal Manikin ◽  
Functional Design ◽  
Evaporative Resistance ◽  
Modeling Software ◽  
Resistance Data

Structural firefighter prototype designs incorporating ventilation, stretch, and modularity were developed following Watkins’ functional design process. Prototypes were designed and manufactured, including single-layer, vented, stretch, and combination prototypes. Prototype garments were evaluated for improved thermal comfort and heat loss using sweating thermal manikin assessments in two conditions: static (standing still with no wind) and dynamic (walking with wind). Raw thermal and evaporative resistance data from the manikin testing were input into a thermal modeling software system (RadTherm®) and physiological responses (core temperature, skin temperature, and sweat rate) were predicted for each prototype. A significant improvement in heat loss was measured when ventilation openings and modularity were added to the design of the clothing system. The single-layer, vented, and combination prototypes also had significantly lower increases in predicted physiological responses.

Evaluation of Protective Ensemble Thermal Characteristics Through Sweating Hot Plate, Sweating Thermal Manikin, and Human Tests

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Hyun Kim ◽  
Jeffery B. Powell ◽  
Raymond J. Roberge ◽  
Angie Shepherd ◽  
Aitor Coca
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Thermal Manikin ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Sweating Thermal Manikin

scholarly journals A Model of Sweating Thermal Manikin

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiko Dozen ◽  
Yoshio Aratani ◽  
Toshitada Saitoh ◽  
Kazuyoshi Tsuchida ◽  
Kazuto Harada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Manikin ◽  
Sweating Thermal Manikin

Baseline Evaluation With a Sweating Thermal Manikin of Personal Protective Ensembles Recommended for Use in West Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 536-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aitor Coca ◽  
Travis DiLeo ◽  
Jung-Hyun Kim ◽  
Raymond Roberge ◽  
Ronald Shaffer
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
World Health ◽  
Thermal Manikin ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Sweating Thermal Manikin

AbstractObjectiveExperience with the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) ensembles by health care workers responding to the Ebola outbreak in the hot, humid conditions of West Africa has prompted reports of significant issues with heat stress that has resulted in shortened work periods.MethodsA sweating thermal manikin was used to ascertain the time to achievement of a critical core temperature of 39°C while wearing 4 different PPE ensembles similar to those recommended by the World Health Organization and Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors Without Borders) at 2 different ambient conditions (32°C/92% relative humidity and 26°C/80% relative humidity) compared with a control ensemble.ResultsPPE ensembles that utilized coveralls with moderate to high degrees of impermeability attained the critical core temperature in significantly shorter times than did other ensembles. Encapsulation of the head and neck region resulted in higher model-predicted subjective impressions of heat sensation.ConclusionsTo maximize work capacity and to protect health care workers in the challenging ambient conditions of West Africa, consideration should be given to adjustment of work and rest schedules, improvement of PPE (e.g., using less impermeable and more breathable fabrics that provide the same protection), and the possible use of cooling devices worn simultaneously with PPE. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:536–542)

Apparent latent heat of evaporation from clothing: attenuation and “heat pipe” effects

2008 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Havenith ◽  
Mark G. Richards ◽  
Xiaoxin Wang ◽  
Peter Bröde ◽  
Victor Candas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Heat Pipe ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Heat Losses ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Thermal Manikin ◽  
Evaporative Heat Loss ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Heat Of Evaporation

Investigating claims that a clothed person's mass loss does not always represent their evaporative heat loss (EVAP), a thermal manikin study was performed measuring heat balance components in more detail than human studies would permit. Using clothing with different levels of vapor permeability and measuring heat losses from skin controlled at 34°C in ambient temperatures of 10, 20, and 34°C with constant vapor pressure (1 kPa), additional heat losses from wet skin compared with dry skin were analyzed. EVAP based on mass loss ( Emass) measurement and direct measurement of the extra heat loss by the manikin due to wet skin ( Eapp) were compared. A clear discrepancy was observed. Emass overestimated Eapp in warm environments, and both under and overestimations were observed in cool environments, depending on the clothing vapor permeability. At 34°C, apparent latent heat (λapp) of pure evaporative cooling was lower than the physical value (λ; 2,430 J/g) and reduced with increasing vapor resistance up to 45%. At lower temperatures, λapp increases due to additional skin heat loss via evaporation of moisture that condenses inside the clothing, analogous to a heat pipe. For impermeable clothing, λapp even exceeds λ by four times that value at 10°C. These findings demonstrate that the traditional way of calculating evaporative heat loss of a clothed person can lead to substantial errors, especially for clothing with low permeability, which can be positive or negative, depending on the climate and clothing type. The model presented explains human subject data on EVAP that previously seemed contradictive.

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