The Role of Research in Fisheries Management: The Conservation of Dolphins in the Eastern Tropical Pacific and the Exploitation of Southern Bluefin Tuna in the Southern Ocean

AbstractDeep waters represent the largest biome on Earth and the largest ecosystem of Costa Rica. Fungi play a fundamental role in global biogeochemical cycling in marine sediments, yet, they remain little explored. We studied fungal diversity and community composition in several marine sediments from 16 locations sampled along a bathymetric gradient (from a depth of 380 to 3474 m) in two transects of about 1500 km length in the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP) of Costa Rica. Sequence analysis of the V7-V8 region of the 18S rRNA gene obtained from sediment cores revealed the presence of 787 fungal amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). On average, we detected a richness of 75 fungal ASVs per sample. Ascomycota represented the most abundant phylum with Saccharomycetes constituting the dominant class. Three ASVs accounted for ca. 63% of all fungal sequences: the yeast Metschnikowia (49.4%), Rhizophydium (6.9%), and Cladosporium (6.7%). Although we distinguished a cluster dominated by yeasts and a second cluster dominated by filamentous fungi, we were unable to detect a strong effect of depth, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and pH on the composition of fungal communities. We highlight the need to understand further the ecological role of fungi in deep-sea ecosystems.

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Role of circulation scales and water mass distributions on larval fish habitats in the Eastern Tropical Pacific off Mexico

Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans ◽

10.1002/2014jc010289 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 120 (6) ◽

pp. 3987-4002 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Cristina A. León‐Chávez ◽

Emilio Beier ◽

Laura Sánchez‐Velasco ◽

Eric Desmond Barton ◽

Victor M. Godínez

Keyword(s):

Water Mass ◽

Larval Fish ◽

Tropical Pacific ◽

Eastern Tropical Pacific ◽

Mass Distributions ◽

Fish Habitats

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Energy flow structure and role of keystone groups in shallow water environments in Isla del Coco, Costa Rica, Eastern Tropical Pacific

Ecological Modelling ◽

10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.01.004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 396 ◽

pp. 74-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Manon Fourriére ◽

Juan José Alvarado ◽

Jorge Cortés ◽

Marc H. Taylor ◽

Arturo Ayala-Bocos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Costa Rica ◽

Shallow Water ◽

Flow Structure ◽

Energy Flow ◽

Tropical Pacific ◽

Eastern Tropical Pacific

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The "Real Dispute" in the Southern Bluefin Tuna Case : a Scientific Dispute?

The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law ◽

10.1163/157180801x00234 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 571-601

Author(s):

Caroline E Foster

Keyword(s):

Dispute Resolution ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Bluefin Tuna ◽

The Real ◽

International Dispute ◽

Southern Bluefin Tuna ◽

Scientific Dispute ◽

International Adjudication

AbstractOn 4 August 2000 a LOSC Annex VII ad hoc arbitral tribunal issued its award in the Southern Bluefin Tuna case brought by Australia and New Zealand against Japan. It found it had no jurisdiction under the LOSC in respect of the SBT dispute. The decision has been controversial. This paper identifies the idea, prevalent in many parts of the pleadings in the case, that the "real dispute" in the case lay under the 1993 Convention, and discusses the associated idea that the dispute was scientific in character. Questions raised by the scientific issues in the case are explored, including what may constitute good or "best" scientific evidence, the suitability of scientific disputes for international adjudication, the appropriateness of precautionary approaches, the validity of "margins of appreciation", and the most appropriate forms of dispute resolution for cases involving science. The need for greater attention to be devoted to issues raised by the role of science in international dispute resolution may partly explain the strength of the undercurrent in the SBT case which pushed towards the view that there was only one "real dispute", which fell under the 1993 Convention.

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