Microstructures and mechanical properties of thin 304 stainless steel sheets by friction stir welding

AISI 304 stainless steel is one of the grades of steel widely used in engineering applications particularly in chemical equipments, food processing, pressure vessels and paper industry. Friction crush welding (FCW) is type of friction welding, where there is a relative motion between the tool and work-piece. In FCW process, the edges of the work-piece to be joined are prepared with flanged edges and then placed against each other. A non-consumable friction disc tool will transverse with a constant feed rate along the edges of the work-piece, which leads to welding. The joint is formed by the action of crushing a certain amount of additional flanged material into the gap formed by the contacting material. The novelty of present work is that FCW removes the limitations of friction stir welding and Steel work pieces can be economically welded by FCW. Taguchi method of Design of Experiments (DOE) is used to find optimal process parameters of Friction Crush Welding (FCW). A L9 Orthogonal Array, Signal to Noise ratio (S/N) and Analysis of Variance are applied to analyze the effect of welding parameters (welding speed, RPM, tool profile) on the weld properties like bond strength. Grain refinement takes place in friction crush welding as is seen in friction stir welding. Friction crush welding process also has added advantage in reducing distortion and residual stresses.

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Effect of Tool Offset and Rotational Speed in Dissimilar Friction Stir Welding of AISI 304 Stainless Steel and Mild Steel

Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance ◽

10.1007/s11665-019-04362-y ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (10) ◽

pp. 6365-6379 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Avinish Tiwari ◽

Piyush Singh ◽

Pardeep Pankaj ◽

Pankaj Biswas ◽

Sachin D. Kore ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Friction Stir Welding ◽

Mild Steel ◽

Rotational Speed ◽

304 Stainless Steel ◽

Aisi 304 Stainless Steel ◽

Aisi 304 ◽

Friction Stir ◽

Tool Offset ◽

Dissimilar Friction Stir Welding

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Improving Friction Stir Welding between Copper and 304L Stainless Steel

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.409.263 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 409 ◽

pp. 263-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Yousef Imani ◽

M.K. Besharati Givi ◽

Michel Guillot

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Stainless Steel ◽

Friction Stir Welding ◽

Pure Copper ◽

Dissimilar Materials ◽

Metallographic Analysis ◽

304L Stainless Steel ◽

Friction Stir ◽

Welding Direction ◽

Fsw Experiments

As a solid-state welding technology, friction stir welding (FSW) can join dissimilar materials with good mechanical properties. In this paper, friction stir welding between 304L stainless steel and commercially pure copper plates with thicknesses of 3 mm was performed. A number of FSW experiments were carried out to obtain the optimum mechanical properties by adjusting the rotational speed to 1000 rpm and welding speed in the range of 14-112 mm/min and with an adjustable offset of the pin location with respect to the butt line. Microstructural analyses have been done to check the weld quality. Cross-sectioning of the welds for metallographic analysis in planes perpendicular to the welding direction and parallel to the weld crown was also performed. The mechanical properties of the welds were determined using a combination of conventional microhardness and tensile testing. From this investigation it is found that the offset of the pin is an essential factor in producing defect free welds in friction stir welding of copper and steel.

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