scholarly journals A Prehistoric Rock Crystal Procurement Site at Fiescheralp (Valais, Switzerland)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Thomas Hess ◽  
Rouven Turck ◽  
Gertrud de Vries ◽  
Philippe Della Casa
Keyword(s):  
Rock Crystal

A Magical Rock Crystal Gem from Apollonia-Arsūf, Israel

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-239
Author(s):  
Stefan Heidemann ◽  
Annette Zeischka-Kenzler ◽  
Oren Tal
Keyword(s):  
Rock Crystal

From sand to sea: tracing the production and trade in glass beads from the 10th-century Cirebon shipwreck in the Java Sea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Swan
Keyword(s):  
Glass Production ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Rock Crystal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Merchant Ship ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Java Sea ◽  
Indian Ocean World ◽  
Long Distance Movement ◽  
Lapis Lazuli

Around the year 970 CE, a merchant ship carrying an assortment of goods from East Africa, Persia, India, Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia, and China foundered and sank to the bottom of the Java Sea. Thousands of beads made from many different materials—ceramic, jet, coral, banded stone, lapis lazuli, rock crystal, sapphire, ruby, garnet, pearl, gold, and glass—attest to the long-distance movement and trade of these small and often precious objects throughout the Indian Ocean world. The beads made of glass are of particular interest, as closely-dated examples are very rare and there is some debate as to where glass beads were being made and traded during this period of time. This paper examines 18 glass beads from the Cirebon shipwreck that are now in the collection of Qatar Museums, using a comparative typological and chemical perspective within the context of the 10th-century glass production. Although it remains uncertain where some of the beads were made, the composition of the glass beads points to two major production origins for the glass itself: West Asia and South Asia.

The allure of rock crystal in Copper Age southern Iberia: Technical skill and distinguished objects from Valencina de la Concepción (Seville, Spain)

2016 ◽  
Vol 424 ◽  
pp. 232-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Morgado ◽  
José Antonio Lozano ◽  
Leonardo García Sanjuán ◽  
Miriam Luciañez Triviño ◽  
Carlos P. Odriozola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technical Skill ◽  
Copper Age ◽  
Rock Crystal ◽  
Southern Iberia

Glass and rock crystal: a multifaceted relationship

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 192-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Marianne Stern
Keyword(s):  
Rock Crystal

scholarly journals Laboratory Investigation of Coupled Electrical Interaction of Fracturing Rock with Gases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Enomoto ◽  
Tsuneaki Yamabe ◽  
Shigeki Sugiura ◽  
Hiroshi Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Fractured Rock ◽  
Crystal Defects ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Quartz Diorite ◽  
Rock Crystal ◽  
Working Hypothesis ◽  
Negative State ◽  
Deep Earth ◽  
Gas Molecules ◽  
Focal Zone

Abstract In the coupled electric interaction of rock fractures and gas invasion, that is, when gases interact with newly created cracked surfaces, the unpaired electrons within the rock crystal defects are thermally stimulated, released into the crack due to the temperature rise at the crack tip via plastic work, and attached to ambient gas molecules to electrify them in a negative state. Using a working hypothesis that this mechanism is the source mechanism of seismo-electromagnetic phenomena, we conducted laboratory experiments in which rocks were fractured with pressurized N2, CO2, CH4, and hot water vapour. Fractures were induced by a flat-ended indenter equipped with a flow channel, which was loaded against blocks of quartz diorite, gabbro, basalt, and granite. Fracture-induced negatively electrified gas currents at ̴25 °C and ̴160 °C were successfully measured for approximately a hundred microseconds or more after full development of the crack. The peak electric currents were as high as 0.05–3 mA, depending on the rock species and interaction area of fractured rock and gas and to a lesser extent on the gas species and temperature. The peak current from fracturing granite, which showed higher g-ray activity, was at least 10 times higher than that from fracturing gabbro, quartz diorite, and basalt. The results supported the validity of the present working hypothesis, that coupled interaction of fracturing rock with deep Earth gases during quasi-static rupture of rocks in the focal zone of a fault might play an important role in the generation of pre- and co-seismic electromagnetic phenomena.

scholarly journals THE PHENOMENON OF SPECIES SUBSTITUTION IN THE NAMES OF MINERALS AND METALS (a Case Study of the Names Including the Lexeme ‘Gold’)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Elena L. Berezovich ◽  
◽  
Valeria S. Kuchko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Precious Metals ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Chemical Similarity ◽  
Rock Crystal ◽  
The Status ◽  
Species Substitution ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Precious Stones

The authors investigate the phenomenon of species substitution in official and unofficial names of stones, minerals and metals in the Russian language. Examples of species substitutions are the cases when the designation of a particular mineral (stone, metal) contains the name of a mineral or a metal of another type (class, category), e. g. the Ural emerald ‘demantoid’, the cat's gold ‘mica of golden colour’, pseudomalachite ‘water-phosphate of copper’ etc. As a rule, the objects chosen as a standard for comparing the nominated object with another one are those that were identified earlier than the nominated object and to which a greater value was attributed in many cases (most often the standards are the most valuable precious stones or precious metals (diamond, ruby, emerald, gold). The article presents some typical categories of mineralogical vocabulary which often include nominations with species substitution (for example, trade and everyday names that ‘raise the status’ of a mineral – Siberian diamond ‘colourless topaz’; pejorative names that indicate a false relationship between minerals – false diamond ‘rock crystal’; neutral names that capture the actual external or chemical similarity of objects – black amber ‘jet’, etc.). Separately, the authors focus on combinations with the lexeme gold which denote both substances not related to gold and alloys of gold and other metals – this allows us to trace in detail the possibilities of the separate lexeme’s participation in word formation resulting in nominations with species substitution. The authors propose their own motivational reconstructions for a number of ‘golden’ cases (for example, for mouse gold ‘marcasite’, frog gold ‘platinum’, etc.).

A seal of Solomon son of Azariah, “son of the exilarch of all Israel”

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-217
Author(s):  
Michael Zellmann-Rohrer
Keyword(s):  
British Museum ◽  
Alternative Possibility ◽  
Rock Crystal

AbstractPublication of a seal of rock crystal in London (British Museum), with an inscription in Aramaic and Hebrew naming the bearer, one Solomon b. Azariah, as grandson (or perhaps son) of an exilarch. An identification of the bearer as Solomon, son of the Jewish exilarch Azariah b. Solomon (c. 975) and grandson of the exilarch Solomon b. Josiah (c. 951–3), is considered, as is the alternative possibility that the grandfather was the exilarch Solomon b. Hisdai (c. 730–58).

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