Approaches to determining occlusion pressure for blood flow restricted exercise training: Systematic review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
James Murray ◽  
Hunter Bennett ◽  
Terry Boyle ◽  
Marie Williams ◽  
Kade Davison
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Occlusion Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow Restricted Exercise

The Effect of Increasing Blood Flow Restriction Pressure When the Contractions Are Already Occlusive

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Vito V. Nucci ◽  
David H. Jarrett ◽  
Catherine M. Palmo ◽  
Brenna M. Razzano ◽  
Mehmet Uygur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Occlusion ◽  
Bayes Factors ◽  
Muscular Endurance ◽  
Occlusion Pressure ◽  
Task Failure ◽  
Force Steadiness ◽  
Flow Restriction ◽  
Arterial Occlusion Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow Restricted Exercise

Context: Blood flow restricted exercise involves the use of external pressure to enhance fatigue and augment exercise adaptations. The mechanisms by which blood flow restricted exercise limits muscular endurance are not well understood. Objective: To determine how increasing blood flow restriction pressure impacts local muscular endurance, discomfort, and force steadiness when the contractions are already occlusive. Design: Within-participant, repeated-measures crossover design. Setting: University laboratory. Patients: A total of 22 individuals (13 males and 9 females). Intervention: Individuals performed a contraction at 30% of maximal isometric elbow flexion force for as long as possible. One arm completed the contraction with 100% of arterial occlusion pressure applied, while the other arm had 150% of arterial occlusion pressure applied. At the end of the protocol, individuals were asked to rate their perceived discomfort. Main Outcome Measures: Time to task failure, discomfort, and force steadiness. Results: Individuals had a longer time to task failure when performing the 100% arterial occlusion condition compared with the 150% arterial occlusion pressure condition (time to task failure = 82.4 vs 70.8 s; Bayes factors = 5.77). There were no differences in discomfort between the 100% and 150% conditions (median discomfort = 5.5 vs 6; Bayes factors = 0.375) nor were there differences in force steadiness (SD of force output 3.16 vs 3.31 N; Bayes factors = 0.282). Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that, even when contractions are already occlusive, increasing the restriction pressure reduces local muscle endurance but does not impact discomfort or force steadiness. This provides an indication that mechanisms other than the direct alteration of blood flow are contributing to the increased fatigue with added restrictive pressure. Future studies are needed to examine neural mechanisms that may explain this finding.

Effects of cardiorespiratory fitness and exercise training on cerebrovascular blood flow and reactivity: a systematic review with meta-analyses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily C. Smith ◽  
Faith K. Pizzey ◽  
Christopher D. Askew ◽  
Gregore I. Mielke ◽  
Philip N. Ainslie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Cerebrovascular Reactivity ◽  
Cerebrovascular Resistance ◽  
Global Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background: We address two aims; Aim 1 (Fitness Review) compare the effect of higher cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) (e.g. endurance athletes) with lower CRF (e.g. sedentary adults) on cerebrovascular outcomes, including middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAv) as assessed by Transcranial Doppler (TCD) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Aim 2 (Exercise Training Review) determine the effect of exercise training on cerebrovascular outcomes. Methods: Systematic review of studies with meta-analyses where appropriate. Certainty of evidence was assessed by Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Results: Twenty studies (18 using TCD) met the eligibility criteria for Aim 1 and 14 studies (8 using TCD) were included for Aim 2. There was a significant effect of higher compared with lower CRF on cerebrovascular resistance index (effect size, 95% confidence interval), (-0.54, -0.91 to -0.16) and cerebrovascular reactivity (0.98, 0.41 to 1.55). Studies including males only demonstrated a greater effect of higher CRF on cerebrovascular resistance index than mixed or female studies (male only: -0.69, -1.06 to -0.32, mixed and female studies (0.10, -0.28 to 0.49). Exercise training did not increase MCAv (0.05, -0.21 to 0.31), although there was a small improvement trending to significant in cerebrovascular reactivity (0.60, -0.08 to 1.28; p=0.09). Exercise training showed heterogeneous effects on regional, but little effect on global cerebral blood flow as measured by MRI. Conclusions: High CRF positively effects cerebrovascular function, including decreased CVRi and increased CVRCO2 however, global cerebral blood flow and MCAv is primarily unchanged following an exercise intervention in healthy and clinical populations.

scholarly journals The effect of exercise training on skin blood flow: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (S2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean M Lanting ◽  
Nathan A Johnson ◽  
Michael K Baker ◽  
Ian D Caterson ◽  
Vivienne H Chuter
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Skin Blood Flow ◽  
Meta Analysis

Limb occlusion pressure for blood flow restricted exercise: Variability and relations with participant characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
Heather A. Evin ◽  
Sean J. Mahoney ◽  
Matt Wagner ◽  
Colin W. Bond ◽  
Lisa N. MacFadden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Occlusion Pressure ◽  
Participant Characteristics ◽  
Limb Occlusion Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow Restricted Exercise

scholarly journals The effectiveness of supplemental oxygen during exercise training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who show severe exercise-induced desaturation: a protocol for a meta-regression analysis and systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shohei Kawachi ◽  
Shuhei Yamamoto ◽  
Kenichi Nishie ◽  
Takayoshi Yamaga ◽  
Manaka Shibuya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Exercise Tolerance ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Severe Exercise ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Exercise Induced

Abstract Background Supplemental oxygen during exercise training is used to increase the training effect of an exercise program in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who show exercise-induced desaturation. Exercise-induced desaturation is not clearly defined in the guidelines; however, it is generally defined in clinical studies as a decrease in SpO2 of more than 4% from rest or a decrease to less than 88% during exercise. Although some meta-analyses examined the effectiveness of supplemental oxygen during exercise training, these studies concluded that it does not further improve exercise tolerance compared to exercise training alone. However, supplemental oxygen during exercise training may be effective in improving exercise tolerance in COPD patients with severe exercise-induced desaturation. Therefore, this study will be performed to elucidate the effectiveness of supplemental oxygen during exercise training and the relationship between its effectiveness and severity of exercise-induced desaturation at baseline. Methods We will first assess the effectiveness of supplemental oxygen during exercise training in COPD. The main outcome is the change in exercise tolerance before and after the intervention, indicated by the 6-min walking distance, the walking distance, or the walking time in incremental shuttle walking test, and analyzed as the standardized mean difference (SMD). The quality and risk of bias in individual studies will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system and risk-of-bias tool (RoB ver.2). If statistical heterogeneity in terms of the effectiveness of exercise tolerance is shown, we will conduct meta-regression analyses to examine the association between the effectiveness of exercise training with supplemental oxygen and severity of exercise-induced desaturation at baseline. Discussion One strength of this study is that it is a systematic review with meta-regression analysis to elucidate the effectiveness of supplemental oxygen during exercise training in patients with COPD who show severe exercise-induced desaturation. Furthermore, we will assess the severity of exercise-induced desaturation for which exercise training with supplemental oxygen is effective, the influence of acute effects at baseline, and the effect of supplemental oxygen on adverse events. Systematic review registration Registration number, UMIN000039960.

Optimal parameters of blood flow restriction and resistance training on quadriceps strength and cross-sectional area and pain in knee osteoarthritis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Waleed S. Mahmoud ◽  
Ahmed Osailan ◽  
Ahmed S. Ahmed ◽  
Ragab K. Elnaggar ◽  
Nadia L. Radwan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Quadriceps Strength ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Occlusion Pressure ◽  
Total Occlusion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Flow Restriction ◽  
Low Intensity

BACKGROUND: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is one of the most common chronic diseases impacting millions of elderly people. OBJECTIVES: The study compared the effects of two intensities of partial blood flow restriction (BFR) with low-intensity resistance training on quadriceps strength and cross-sectional area (CSA), and pain in people with knee osteoarthritis (PwKOA). METHODS: Thirty-five PwKOA, aged 50–65, participated. Quadriceps CSA was measured by ultrasonography, quadriceps strength – by isokinetic dynamometry and pain by VAS. These outcome variables were obtained at the beginning of the study and re-evaluated eight weeks after the intervention. RESULTS: An interaction effect was present for quadriceps CSA (P= 0.042) and quadriceps strength (P= 0.006), showing that using 70% of total occlusion pressure with 30% 1RM had a more significant effect. Knee pain improved significantly through the main effect of BFR (P< 0.001), and low-intensity resistance training (P= 0.011). Pain improved more at 70% of total occlusion pressure, with 30% of 1RM (2.5 ± 1.06) than 50% total occlusion pressure with 10% of 1RM (5.77 ± 1.46). CONCLUSION: A combination of 70% of total occlusion pressure with 30% 1RM could be beneficial in PwKOA in improving pain, and increasing the quadriceps strength. The changes in the quadriceps strength could be a predictor for knee pain.

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