Modified p-Value of Two-Sided Test for Normal Distribution with Restricted Parameter Space

2006 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1361-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiuying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Parameter Space ◽  
P Value ◽  
Restricted Parameter Space

scholarly journals Variable Magellanic HMXB Sources versus Variable ULX Sources: Nothing to Brag about the ULX Sources

Galaxies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Dimitris M. Christodoulou ◽  
Silas G. T. Laycock ◽  
Rigel Cappallo ◽  
Ankur Roy ◽  
Sayantan Bhattacharya  ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
High Mass ◽  
P Value ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Ks Test

We carry out a meta-analysis of ultraluminous X-ray (ULX) sources that show large variabilities (by factors of >10) between their highest and lowest emission states in the X-ray energy range of 0.3–10 keV. We are guided by a recent stringent compilation of 25 such X-ray sources by Song et al. We examine the relation of logN versus logSmax, where N is the number of sources radiating above the maximum-flux level Smax. We find a strong deviation from all previously determined slopes in various high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) samples. In fact, the ULX data clearly show a slope of −0.91. Thus, ULX sources do not appear to be uniform and isotropic in our Universe. We compare the ULX results against the local X-ray luminosity function of HMXBs in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) constructed from our latest library that includes 41 Chandra 0.3–8 keV sources and 56 XMM-Newton 0.2–12 keV sources. The ULX data are not drawn from the same continuous distribution as the SMC data (the ULX data peak at the low tails of the SMC distributions), and none of our data sets is drawn from a normal distribution or from a log-normal distribution (they all show marked excesses at both tails). At a significance level of α=0.05 (2σ), the two-sample p-value of the Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) test gives p=4.7×10−3<α for the ULX versus the small Chandra sample and p=1.1×10−5<<α for the ULX versus the larger XMM-Newton sample, respectively. This adds to the evidence that ULX sources are not simply the higher end of the known local Be/X-ray pulsar distribution, but they represent a class of X-ray sources different from the young sources found in the SMC and in individual starburst galaxies. On the other hand, our two main SMC data sets are found to be statistically consistent, as they are drawn from the same continuous parent distribution (null hypothesis H0): at the α=0.05 significance level, the two-sample KS test shows an asymptotic p-value of 0.308>α, which tells us to accept H0.

scholarly journals Restricted parameter space models for testing gene-gene interaction

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 386-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minsun Song ◽  
Dan L. Nicolae
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Space ◽  
Gene Interaction ◽  
Restricted Parameter Space

New Coagulation Assays Reference Ranges for Healthy Adults Using the Modern Sysmex CA-1500 Coagulometer.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 4025-4025
Author(s):  
Lisa Wakeman ◽  
Roger Munro ◽  
Nick Dorward ◽  
Ann Benton ◽  
Andy Gibb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Protein C ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Distributed Parameters ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anderson Darling ◽  
Normally Distributed

Abstract Reference ranges (RRs) in coagulation are applicable only to specific analyser and reagent combinations and frequently need to be re-established if any of these are changed. In no other sphere of clinical laboratory practice are RRs more affected by such a wide range of multiple demographic and pre-analytical variables. For most routine clinical laboratories therefore, the collection of multiple, separate RRs is not feasible so a representative group of healthy adults such as laboratory staff frequently constitute the reference population from which these limits are calculated. Early morning venous samples were collected into glass B-D Vacutainers (Ref: 367691) from 221 healthy laboratory personnel (F= 159; M = 62) aged 20–63 yrs for both gender. Age groups were equally represented. Samples were processed on a Sysmex CA-1500 analyser within 1 hour of collection. Appropriate NCCLS guidelines were followed throughout. Reagents employed were - Actin FSL (APTT); Innovin (PT); Dade-Behring reference, calibration and deficient plasmas (factor assays); Dade-Behring kit ref: OWWR15 (ATIII); Chromogenix kit ref: 82209863 (Protein C). Outliers were excluded, data examined for normal distribution from histograms and significance levels calculated from the Anderson - Darling test of normality. RRs for normally distributed parameters were calculated using means ± 2SDs. RRs for non-normally distributed parameters were calculated using the log natural transformation and the antilog of 2.5- and 97.5- percentiles. Italicised parameters shown below are non-normally distributed. Parameter Reference Range Anderson Darling P-Value P-value for normal distribution Mann Whitney U-test (M versus F) *=significant difference PT sec 10.0 – 11.8 <0.005 0.003* APTT sec 24.7 – 31.7 0.006 0.232 TCT sec 13.8 – 17.4 0.035 0.198 Fib g/L Clauss 1.6 – 4.2 0.190 t-test not significant Fib g/L Derived 2.1 – 4.9 0.200 t-test not significant II % 82 – 133 <0.005 0.019* V% 70 – 150 0.021 0.303 VII % 60 – 164 0.008 0.037* X% 75 – 147 0.539 t-test not significant VIII % 48 – 204 <0.005 0.520 IX % 65 – 142 <0.005 0.275 XI % 61 – 142 <0.005 0.394 XII % 59 – 133 0.088 t-test not significant Protein C % 75 – 160 0.036 0.024* ATIII % 86 – 128 0.329 t-test not significant Kruskal Wallis tests on our data indicate that all coagulation factors are positively associated with age except factors IX and XII. Significant differences (p=0.014) in factor VIIIc was found between those of blood group O and non group O. Significant correlation was found between declining APTTs and associated increasing factor VIIIc when measured in individual volunteers.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PERSEPSI TENTANG KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA TERHADAP MOTIVASI KERJA DI PT PLN (PERSERO) UP2D JAWA TENGAH & DI YOGYAKARTA

Proyeksi ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Fathurokhman Fathurokhman ◽  
Sigit Wahono ◽  
Hardani Widhiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
P Value ◽  
Quantitative Research Methods ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Linearity Test ◽  
Test Result

Abstract. PT PLN (Persero) UP2D Central Java & Yogyakarta have good perception against the safety and health at work, but experienced a decrease in work motivation. Based background singer research above discuss an issue covers perception Occupational Helath & Safety (OHS) and motivation in PT PLN (Persero) UP2D Jawa Tengah & DI Yogyakarta.Singer study using quantitative research methods using statistical technidue with includes assumption test, linearity test an test hypotheses for review simplify data intoi a form that is easier to read and review interpretation.Based on the findings of the statistical analysis found that the variable Work Motivation not normal distribution p-value = 0.007 an p< 0.05, while variable perception Occupational Health & safety (OHS) normal distribution value p= 0.200 and p>0.05 , between linearity test result variables and variable Work Motivation and Perception Occupational Health & Safety (OHS) shows that F is 0,201 p= 0.662 (p>0.05) stating not significant influence between perception safety &� helath (OHS) and variable work motivation. Then the data is based on the findings of the analysis the tin is known that F = 0,122 with p = 0,885 (p>0.005) it means that variable perception safety & health (OHS) influential not work against variable Motovation. Keywords : Occupational Health & Safety, Peception, Work Motivation�Abstrak. PT PLN (Persero) Area Pengatur Distribusi Jawa Tengah & DI Yogyakarta mempunyai persepsi terhadap keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja yang bagus, namun mengalami penurunan motivasi kerja. Berdasarkan latar belakang diatas penelitian ini membahas masalah yang meliputi persepsei keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja (K3) terhadap motivasi kerja di PT PLN (Persero) UP2D Jawa Tengah & DI Yogyakarta.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan teknik statistiK yang meliputi uji asumsi , uji normalitas, uji linearitas dan uji hipotesis untuk menyederhakan data kedalam bentuk yang lebih mudah dibaca dan diinterpretasikan.Berdasarkan hasil analisis statistik diketahui bahwa variabel motivasi kerja tidak berdistribusi normal dengan nilai p = 0,007 dan p <0,05 sedangkan variabel persepsi keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja (K3) menunjukan bahwa F sebesar 0,201 dengan p = 0,662 (p>0,05) menyatakan tidak ada pengaruh yang bersifat signifikan antara data variabel persepsi keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja (K3) dan variabel motivasi kerja. Kemudian berdasarkan hasil analisis data yang diperoleh diketahui bahwa F = 0,122 dengan p = 0,885 (p>0,005) artinya bahwa variabel persepsi keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja tidak berpengaruh terhadap variabel motivasi kerja�

New and Robust Reference Ranges for Haematinics Measured on the Beckman-Coulter Access Analyser.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 3708-3708
Author(s):  
Lisa Wakeman ◽  
Roger Munro ◽  
John Lewis ◽  
Andrew Beddall ◽  
Ann Benton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
P Value ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Square Root

Abstract Reference ranges (RRs) for haematinics need to be independently verified by individual laboratories since it has been shown that those quoted by some manufacturers may be inappropriate. The measurement of serum folate, ferritin and B12 remains a first-line investigation in the assessment of several pathologies. Establishing clearly defined, accurate reference ranges facilitates good interpretation and effective discrimination between health and disease thereby avoiding expensive and needless follow-up. Early morning venous samples were collected into Greiner Vacuette serum tubes (Ref: 456018) from 221 healthy laboratory personnel (F= 159;M = 62) aged 20–63 years for both gender. Age groups were equally represented. Serum vitamin B12, folate and ferritin were measured on all samples on a Beckman-Coulter Access analyser on the same day of collection. NCCLS guidelines (C28-A and H3-A4) were followed throughout. Outliers were excluded and data examined for normal distribution. The following normality checks were applied - Kurtosis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests of normality, T-values (Skewness/SE Skewness), %diff from mean-median, histogram and normal curve, normal Q-Q probability plot and Box plot. Because all three parameters showed non-normal distribution, RRs were calculated using (1) the 2.5-and 97.5- percentiles, (2) the 2.5- and 97.5- percentiles on the transformed scale. The transformations, log natural, log10 and square root were applied to the variables and tested for normality. The transformation giving the best normal distribution was then selected. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney test was used to examine significant differences between males and females. Significant differences (p values shown below) are indicated by an asterisk. New Limits Historical Limits Manufacturers quoted RR Mann-Whitney U test (p value) (a) = Log natural; (b) = Log 10; (c) = square root RR (1) RR (2) Folate ng/mL M 2.1 – 14.7 2.1 (a) – 14.6 2.7–14.0 >3.0 0.016* F 2.7 – 18.1 2.7 (b) – 18.1 2.7–14.0 >3.0 Ferritin ng/mL M 11 – 215 11 (c) – 215 20.0–350 24–336 <0.05* F 5 – 119 5 (b) – 119 10.0–300 11–307 Vit B12 pg/mL M 113 – 567 113 (c) – 567 180–900 180–914 0.933 F 136 – 600 136 (b) – 600 180–900 180–914 It is vital that investigators use method-specific RRs in their own laboratories since those quoted by some manufacturers are inappropriate. Although our lower limits for serum ferritin appear to be low, they are in keeping with previously published data. A proportion of the normal population have low serum ferritin but are not anaemic nor symptomatic. This confusion between normality and iron deficiency continues to cause difficulties in interpretation. The range of vitamin B12 and folate concentrations in some healthy individuals overlap with those in symptomatic patients. It is useful therefore to quote “indeterminate” ranges. Our data indicates that such a range for vitamin B12 should be 130 – 160 since our distribution histogram (not shown) shows a clearly defined “flattened shoulder” between these values.

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