Widening of Genetic Variation in Barley Breeding Programmes: Experiences from Composite Crosses to Nordic Barley Breeding Populations

AbstractEfficient use of any breeding resources requires a good understanding of the genetic value of the founder breeding materials for predicting the gain and diversity in future generations. This study evaluates the distribution of genetic variation and level of relatedness among and within nine breeding populations of Norway spruce for Northern Sweden using nuclear microsatellite markers. A sample set of 456 individuals selected from 140 stands were genotyped with 15 SSR loci. Over all loci each individual was identified with unique multilocus genotype. High genetic diversity (average He=0.820) and low population differentiation (FST=0.0087) characterized this material. Although low in FST, the two northernmost populations were clustered as a distinct group diverged from the central populations. The population differentiation pattern corresponds well with the post glacial migration history of Norway spruce and the current gene flow and human activity in the region. The average inbreeding coefficient was 0.084 after removal loci with high frequency of null alleles. The estimated relatedness of the trees gathered in the breeding populations was very low (average kinship coefficient 0.0077) and not structured. The high genetic variation and low and not structured relatedness between individuals found in the breeding populations confirm that the Norway spruce breeding stock for northern Sweden represent valuable genetic resources for both long-term breeding and conservation programs.

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Analysing genetic variation in farm animals.

Genetic improvement of farmed animals ◽

10.1079/9781789241723.0178 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 178-192

Author(s):

Geoff Simm ◽

Geoff Pollott ◽

Raphael Mrode ◽

Ross Houston ◽

Karen Marshall

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Molecular Genetics ◽

Snp Markers ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Genotype By Environment Interactions ◽

Genotype By Environment ◽

Breeding Programmes

Abstract In this chapter, topics focused on how to quantify the extent to which genes affect measured traits and how to use this information in breeding programmes. Highlights include: estimating heritability; estimating non-additive parameters, correlations, and genotype by environment interactions, molecular genetics and trait variations; and calculating inbreeding using SNP markers.

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The Loggerhead Turtle, Caretta-Caretta, in Queensland - Population Breeding Structure

Wildlife Research ◽

10.1071/wr9880197 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 197 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

E Gyuris ◽

CJ Limpus

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Life History ◽

Loggerhead Turtle ◽

Caretta Caretta ◽

Breeding Population ◽

Barrier Reef ◽

Breeding Structure ◽

Marine Park ◽

Breeding Populations ◽

Population Breeding

Population models proposed as a result of independent tagging programs of nesting Caretta caretta in Queensland are in disagreement about the size of discrete breeding units. An electrophoretic survey was conducted to assess the relevance of genetic variation as revealed by electrophoresis to the investigation of Caretta caretta population breeding structure. Low level electrophoretic variability (H*L(obs) = 0.016) was found. The geographical distribution of alleles, when compared with tag-recapture data and other aspects of life history, indicated that discrete breeding populations of C. caretta in Queensland are larger than previously thought. C. caretta nesting on the mainland beaches and on the cays of the Capricornia Section of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park form a panmictic population. The data indicate that those nesting on the Swain Reefs cays do not interbreed with the mainland-Capricornia breeding population.

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The Effects of Both Recent and Long-Term Selection and Genetic Drift Are Readily Evident in North American Barley Breeding Populations

G3 Genes|Genome|Genetics ◽

10.1534/g3.115.024349 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 609-622 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ana M. Poets ◽

Mohsen Mohammadi ◽

Kiran Seth ◽

Hongyun Wang ◽

Thomas J. Y. Kono ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Drift ◽

North American ◽

Term Selection ◽

Barley Breeding ◽

Breeding Populations

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An evaluation of genetic variation in gestation length, birthweight and early growth in Scottish Blackface sheep

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200593053 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 1996 ◽

pp. 108-108

Author(s):

P Johnston ◽

J A Roden ◽

A Murray ◽

B Merrell ◽

W Haresign

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Litter Size ◽

Early Growth ◽

Genetic Effects ◽

Early Mortality ◽

Gestation Length ◽

Early Vigour ◽

Breeding Programmes

Birth weight (BW) and gestation length (GL) have important implications for the survival and early vigour of the lamb, in turn affecting the early growth. In hill sheep BW and early growth have low heritabilities, when considered as a trait of the lamb. They are highly influenced by maternal genetic effects and non genetic effects such as litter size, date of birth and the environment. When studying hill sheep there are also problems obtaining accurate records of birth weights and early growth and it is normally impossible to obtain accurate measures of GL. Exploitation of the genetic variation in the traits BW, GL and early growth could be useful in breeding programmes to reduce early mortality and improve vigour in lambs.

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Improving discrimination for malting quality in barley breeding programmes

Field Crops Research ◽

10.1016/j.fcr.2005.01.002 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 94 (2-3) ◽

pp. 189-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Alberto Gianinetti ◽

Fabiano Toffoli ◽

Andrea Cavallero ◽

Giovanni Delogu ◽

Antonio Michele Stanca

Keyword(s):

Malting Quality ◽

Barley Breeding ◽

Breeding Programmes

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Investigating successive Australian barley breeding populations for stable resistance to leaf rust

Theoretical and Applied Genetics ◽

10.1007/s00122-017-2970-9 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 130 (11) ◽

pp. 2463-2477 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

L. A. Ziems ◽

J. D. Franckowiak ◽

G. J. Platz ◽

E. S. Mace ◽

R. F. Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Rust ◽

Barley Breeding ◽

Breeding Populations

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Apportionment of genetic variance in migrating and wintering mallards

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z95-140 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 73 (6) ◽

pp. 1182-1185 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Olin E. Rhodes Jr. ◽

Ronald K. Chesser ◽

Loren M. Smith

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Genetic Information ◽

Genetic Variance ◽

Anas Platyrhynchos ◽

Genetic Data ◽

High Plains ◽

Southern High Plains ◽

Total Genetic Variation ◽

Breeding Populations ◽

Wintering Areas

Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos, n = 289) wintering in the Southern High Plains of Texas were collected from 15 October 1988 to 7 February 1989 and electrophoretically surveyed for genetic variation at 30 biochemical loci. Genetic data were used to detect mixtures of breeding populations in the wintering aggregation of mallards that migrate into the Southern High Plains and to estimate the proportion of total genetic variation partitioned among breeding populations represented on the study area there. Wintering mallards represented mixtures of genetically heterogeneous breeding populations with a minimum of 10.4 – 11.7% of the genetic variation partitioned among populations represented. Genetic information may be useful in detecting mixtures of breeding populations in specific wintering areas within and among flyways.

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Uncovering candidate genes involved in photosynthetic capacity using unexplored genetic variation in Spring Wheat

10.1101/2020.06.15.151928 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ryan Joynson ◽

Gemma Molero ◽

Benedict Coombes ◽

Laura-Jayne Gardiner ◽

Carolina Rivera-Amado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Candidate Genes ◽

Complex Traits ◽

Photosynthetic Capacity ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Donor Genome ◽

D Genome ◽

Strategic Integration ◽

Breeding Populations ◽

Synthetic Derivative

AbstractTo feed an ever-increasing population we must leverage advances in genomics and phenotyping to harness the variation in wheat breeding populations for traits like photosynthetic capacity which remains unoptimized. Here we survey a diverse set of wheat germplasm containing elite, introgression and synthetic derivative lines uncovering previously uncharacterised variation. We demonstrate how strategic integration of exotic material alleviates the D genome genetic bottleneck in wheat, increasing SNP rate by 62% largely due to Ae. tauschii synthetic wheat donors. Across the panel, 67% of the Ae. tauschii donor genome is represented as introgressions in elite backgrounds. We show how observed genetic variation together with hyperspectral reflectance data can be used to identify candidate genes for traits relating to photosynthetic capacity using association analysis. This demonstrates the value of genomic methods in uncovering hidden variation in wheat and how that variation can assist breeding efforts and increase our understanding of complex traits.

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The wheat Seven in Absentia gene is associated with increases in biomass and yield in hot climates

10.1101/726802 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Pauline Thomelin ◽

Julien Bonneau ◽

Chris Brien ◽

Radoslaw Suchecki ◽

Ute Baumann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Heat Stress ◽

High Temperature ◽

Heat Tolerance ◽

Positional Cloning ◽

Genomic Region ◽

Sequence Variant ◽

Positive Allele ◽

Breeding Programmes ◽

Seven In Absentia

AbstractWheat productivity is severely reduced by high temperatures. Breeding of heat tolerant cultivars can be achieved by identifying genes controlling physiological and agronomical traits with high temperature and using these to select superior genotypes, but no gene underlying genetic variation for heat tolerance has previously been described. We completed the positional cloning of qYDH.3BL, a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on bread wheat chromosome 3B associated with increased yield in hot and dry climates. The delimited genomic region contained 12 putative genes and a sequence variant in the promoter region of one gene - seven in absentia, TaSINA. This was associated with the QTL’s effects on early vigour, plant biomass and yield components in two distinct wheat populations grown under various growth conditions. Near isogenic lines carrying the positive allele at qYDH.3BL under-expressed TaSINA and had increased vigour and water use efficiency early in development, as well as increased biomass, grain number and grain weight following heat stress. A survey of worldwide distribution indicated that the positive allele became widespread from the 1950s through the CIMMYT wheat breeding programme but, to date, has been selected only in breeding programmes in Mexico and Australia.Significance statementWheat is the world’s most widely grown crop and a staple of human diet. Even brief episodes of high temperature in the growing season cause severe yield reductions. Finding and deploying genes for heat stress tolerance in new varieties is a priority for food security with climate change. We narrowed a genetic locus to a small genomic region where genetic variation was present only in one gene that showed clear differences of expression and improved yield and physiology under stress in the populations. Using diagnostic markers to track the positive haplotype in nearly 750 accessions, we found many regions where the allele could be used in breeding programmes to increase wheat’s heat tolerance.

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