An integrated approach to weed management practices in direct-seeded rice under zero-tilled rice–wheat cropping system

Background: Maize followed by summer pulses is the emerging cropping system in many places in India. Herbicides are the efficient tools for checking weed infestation and their usage is increasing throughout the globe due to increased labour cost and quick weed control. Some herbicides do not degrade quickly and may remain in the soil for weeks, months or years after application and may inhibit the growth of succeeding crops. Methods: Field experiment was conducted in a randomized block design (RBD) during rabi and summer seasons of 2017-18 and 2018-19 to know the residual effect of different herbicides applied in maize on succeeding greengram. Result: The present study revealed that lower density and dry weight of total weeds and higher yield attributes and yield was recorded with the practice of adopting two hand weedings at 15 and 30 DAS, which was however, at par with atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 as PE fb one HW at 30 DAS, atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 as PE fb topramezone 30 g ha-1 as PoE and atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 as PE fb tembotrione 120 g ha-1 as PoE, without any significant disparity among them. Herbicides applied in maize did not alter statistically the enzyme activity and microbial count in the soil at harvest of succeeding greeengram.

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Performance of rice cultivars with weed management practices in dry direct-seeded rice

Indian Journal of Weed Science ◽

10.5958/0974-8164.2021.00015.0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 92-94

Author(s):

K. Pooja ◽

P. Saravanane

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Direct Seeded

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Association of Chocolate Spot and Faba Bean Rust Epidemics with Climate Change Resilient Cultural Practices in Bale Highlands, Ethiopia

Advances in Agriculture ◽

10.1155/2018/6042495 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gosaye Eshetu ◽

Yekedem Bimrew ◽

Hassen Shifa

Keyword(s):

Faba Bean ◽

Weed Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Cultural Practices ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Cropping System ◽

Previous Crop ◽

Multiple Variable ◽

Chocolate Spot ◽

The Mean

Field survey was conducted in south eastern Ethiopia to determine the disease intensity of chocolate spot and rust and to investigate the association of disease intensity (incidence and severity) with environmental factors and crop cultural practices. A total of 280 faba bean fields were surveyed in eight districts, and type of cropping system, weed management practices, crop growth stage, previous crop in the field, and sowing date were recorded. The associations of disease intensity with independent variables were evaluated using logistic regression model. Mean disease incidence of chocolate spot varied from 70.9 to 93.2% in most fields while percentage severity index (PSI) ranged from 10.5 to 47.1%. In a reduced multiple variable model, chocolate PSI ≤ 30% showed high probability of association with mixed cropping system, good weed management practices, late planting, and when faba bean was rotated with vegetables and cereals. The mean disease incidence of faba bean rust was varied from 23.6 to 78.2%, while the mean PSI of rust was varied from 4.8 to 37.9%. In Gasera, Dinsho, and Agarfa districts, poor weed management practices, fields planted in the month of July, and when previous crop was legume had a high probability of association to (>20) rust PSI in a multiple variable reduced model. In contrast, soil types, fertilizer applied, and fungicides sprayed were not associated with disease intensity. The present study has identified cropping system, planting date, previous crop, district, and weed management practices as important variables that influence faba bean chocolate spot and rust epidemics in diversified fields. Therefore, proper weeding management practices, late planting, crop rotation habit, and other related farm practices should be carried out to reduce chocolate spot and rust impact until resistant faba bean genotypes are developed and distributed to the area.

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Tillage, Residue, Fertilizer and Weed Management on Phenology and Yield of Spring Maize in Terai, Nepal

International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology ◽

10.3126/ijasbt.v2i3.11001 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 328-335

Author(s):

Saugat Dahal ◽

Tika Bahadur Karki ◽

Lal Prasad Amgain ◽

Birendra Kumar Bhattachan

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Weed Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Cropping System ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

No Tillage ◽

Alternative Technologies ◽

Spring Maize ◽

Seed Fill ◽

Herbicide Use

With the aim of developing crop management technologies that reduce the yield gap of maize (Zea mays L.) in Nepal, a study was carried-out to determine whether the grain yield of maize could be manipulated through tillage, residue, and nutrient and weed management practices. The effect of tillage (conventional and no tillage), residue (residue retained and residue removed), fertilizer (recommended doses of fertilizer and farmers’ doses of fertilizer) and weed management practices (herbicide use and manual weeding) on phenology and grain yield of maize were investigated under maize-rice cropping system in Rampur, Nepal during 2013. The experimental results revealed that no tillage had significant effect on grain yield (6.64 Mg ha-1) and phenological parameters like days to silking, physiological maturity and seed fill duration. Similarly, residue retained treatment had significant effect on grain yield (7.02 Mg ha-1) and phenological parameters. Research dose of fertilizer had significant effect on phenological parameters and grain yield (8.42 Mg ha-1). However, weed management factor did not influence significantly on grain yield and phenological parameters. The grain yield increased in no tillage by 23.19% over conventional tillage, residue retained by 39.84% over residue removed, recommended doses of fertilizer by 132.60% over farmer dose of fertilizer. Thus, no tillage, residue retention, recommended doses of fertilizer and use of herbicide for weed management can be alternative technologies for sustainable higher grain yield. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i3.11001Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(3): 328-335

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Weed management: fact or fable?

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.1981.0132 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 295 (1076) ◽

pp. 185-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Weed Management ◽

Crop Production ◽

Management Practices ◽

Production Systems ◽

Cropping System ◽

Ground Cover ◽

Management Approach ◽

Leguminous Crops

Weed management is a new term for the age-old practice of employing all available means, in a planned way, to keep weed populations under control. It seeks to distinguish the systematic approach to weed control, based on scientific knowledge and rational strategies, from the pragmatic destruction of weeds. The remarkable efficiency of herbicides has in recent years emphasized the latter and allowed revolutionary methods of crop production to be practised. These have, however, led to serious new weed problems which in turn require more intensive herbicide use. The need for a weed management approach is increasingly recognized. New opportunities for this are provided by the availability of numerous herbicides and plant growth regulators and a growing understanding of the biology, ecology and population dynamics of weeds in relation to crop production systems. Examples discussed include: systematic control of grass weeds in intensive cereals in Britain, weed control in rice and in soybeans, the control of aquatic weeds by biological and chemical methods and an experimental zero-tillage cropping system for the humid tropics based on herbicides, growth regulators and ground-cover leguminous crops. In such management systems, interference of weed behaviour by exogenous growth regulators is likely to be of increasing significance. Constraints on the adoption of weed management practices include lack of support for weed science as a discipline, limited appeal to the agrochemical industry and inadequate extension services in many countries.

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Impact of Moisture Content and Weed Management on Direct Seeded Rice Quality

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2019/v37i430297 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Alisha Kumari ◽

Rajan Kumar ◽

Sweeti Kumari ◽

Rinki Kumari Kumari

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Management Practices ◽

P Uptake ◽

Research Centre ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Moisture Regimes ◽

Direct Seeded ◽

Crop Research

A field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) season of 2016 at Crop Research centre Pusa, Bihar to investigate the “Effect of Moisture Regimes and Weed Management on quality of Direct Seeded Rice”. The treatments consisted of three moisture regimes in main plots and five weed management practices in sub plots. The results showed that grain (3.62 t/ha) and straw yields (52.44 q/ha), harvest index (40.83%), P uptake (10.97 kg/ha) by rice grain were maximum with 3 days Disappearance of Ponded Water(DPW) which were significantly superior to 5 and 7 DPW but N (42.19 kg/ha) and P uptake (10.97 kg/ha) by rice grain, N (30.53 kg/ha), P (8.41 kg/ha) and K (74.47 kg/ha) uptake by straw were statistically at par with 5 DPW. With regard to weed management grain yield(35.62 q/ha) was maximum with W4 treatment of weed management which was significantly superior to W2, W1 and W5 but was statistically at par with W3 treatment while, straw yield (45.12 q/ha), N(41.37 and 29.75 kg/ha), P(10.72 and 8.18 kg/ha) and K(8.80 and 7.58 kg/ha) uptake by rice grain and straw were significantly superior to W1 and W5 and were comparable to W3 and W2 treatments. In harvest index (40.97%), W4 treatment was significantly superior to all the treatments. N, P and K content in grain and straw did not vary significantly with varying moisture regimes weed management treatments.

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Effect of cultivars and different weed management practices on yield, nutrient uptake and soil micro-flora in dry direct-seeded rice under coastal deltaic ecosystem

ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice ◽

10.35709/ory.2021.58.1.4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 21-25

Author(s):

K Pooja ◽

P Saravanane ◽

S Nadaradjan ◽

S Sundaravaradhan ◽

S Muthukumarasamy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Weed Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Rice Cultivar ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Main Plot ◽

Direct Seeded ◽

Hand Weeding ◽

Soil Microbial Population

An experiment was conducted during September 2019 - January 2020 to investigate the effects of cultivars and different weed management practices on yield attributes, yield, nutrient uptake and soil micro-flora in dry direct-seeded rice (DDSR). Experiment was laid out in split plot design replicated thrice. The treatment combination consisted of three levels of cultivars in main plot (ADT 46, CO 52 and Improved white ponni) and five levels of weed management practices in the sub plots (application of pendimethalin @ 1 kg a.i ha-1 as pre-emergence herbicide at 3 days after sowing (DAS), bispyribac-sodium @ 0.02 kg a.i ha-1 as post-emergence herbicide at 20 DAS, sequential application of pendimethalin @ 1 kg a.i ha-1 followed by (fb) bispyribac-sodium @ 0.02 kg a.i ha-1, hand weeding twice at 20 and 40 DAS and weedy check). Both the cultivars and weed management practices influenced the growth, nutrient uptake, soil microbial population and yield of the DDSR. However, the interaction did not influence any of the parameters significantly. Rice cultivar ADT 46 proved to be superior with respect to nutrient uptake and yield. Whereas, among weed management practices, the highest nutrient uptake and yield were obtained with sequential application of pendimethalin @ 1 kg a.i ha-1 fb bispyribac-sodium @ 0.02 kg a.i ha-1.

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Soil and Pest Management in French Polynesian Farming Systems and Drivers and Barriers for Implementation of Practices Based on Agroecological Principles

Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems ◽

10.3389/fsufs.2021.708647 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

Author(s):

Mélanie Surchat ◽

Alexander Wezel ◽

Vincent Tolon ◽

Tor Arvid Breland ◽

Philippe Couraud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pest Management ◽

Weed Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Qualitative Interviews ◽

Knowledge Exchange ◽

Cropping System ◽

Farming Systems ◽

French Polynesia ◽

Farmer Knowledge ◽

Socio Economic Variables

In the context of climate change, French Polynesia is committed to increasing qualitatively and quantitatively local food production. In this regard, agroecology is perceived as a sustainable pathway to improve farming practices. This article proposes first a theoretical framework to analyze the proximity of farmers' management to agroecological principles. Second, it describes the current use of agroecological pest and soil management practices by French Polynesian farmers. And third, it explains which agronomic and socio-economic factors drive the implementation of agroecological practices. For this, qualitative interviews were conducted with 32 farmers on three islands, and statistical analyses were carried for correlation between the use of practices and socio-economic variables. Results show that French Polynesian farmers implement different soil and pest management practices that are in line with agroecological principles. Farmers scored better in terms of pest management with high plant diversity, implementation of crop rotations, and mechanical weed management. There is a significant influence of the “cropping system” and the “production system” (organic, integrated, and conventional) on the use of practices as well as proximity to agroecological principles. Identified pathways for an agroecological transition are implementing farmer to farmer knowledge exchange, farmer networks, and farm demonstrations as well as training of extension services staff.

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