Abstract
Polymer flooding is a well-established chemical EOR technology that is used to overcome challenges associated with conventional waterflooding including viscous fingering and early breakthrough. Nevertheless, polymers tend to perform poorly under harsh reservoir conditions of high temperature and high salinity (HTHS). The main objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the performance of two potential polymers, an ATBS-based polymer and a biopolymer (Scleroglucan), in carbonates under harsh reservoir conditions. This comparative study includes an analysis of polymer rheological experiments as well as polymer injectivity tests. The effects of water salinity and temperature on the performance of these two polymers was also investigated in this study. Rheological experiments were carried out on polymer samples at both ambient (25 °C) and high temperature conditions (90 °C). Polymer viscosity was measured as function of concentration, temperature, and salinity at different shear rates ranging from 1 to 1000 s−1. Injectivity characteristics of both polymers were also assessed through coreflooding experiments using high permeability carbonate outcrops at room (25 °C) and high (90 °C) temperature conditions. The injectivity tests included two stages of brine pre-flush and polymer injection, which allowed assessing the resistance factor (RF) of these polymers. These tests were conducted using high salinity formation water (167,114 ppm TDS) at both temperature conditions.
The bulk rheological tests showed that both ATBS-based and Scleroglucan polymers exhibit a shear-thinning behavior. However, the shear-thinning effect is far more evident at higher concentrations in the case of Scleroglucan as opposed to that of the ATBS-based polymer. Viscosity measurements of the polymer samples at different salinities demonstrated the detrimental impact of salinity and divalent ions on the stability of ATBS-based whereas Scleroglucan was not much affected. Scleroglucan exhibited better filterability at the high temperature as opposed to the room temperature. From the injectivity tests, the shear-thinning behavior of the biopolymer in the porous media was confirmed as RF decreased with increasing the flow rate applied at both temperature conditions. Meanwhile, the ATBS-based polymer exhibited a shear-thickening behavior at 25 °C, but a shear-thinning one at 90 °C. Compared to the biopolymer, the ATBS-based polymer showed better injectivity at both the room and the high temperatures as the differential pressure stabilized within the first few pore volumes injected. This study highlights the importance of polymer screening for EOR applications in carbonate reservoirs under HTHS conditions.
Effect of ammonium based ionic liquids on the rheological behavior of the heavy crude oil for high pressure and high temperature conditions
