Effect of the anisotropic permeability in the frequency dependent properties of the superficial layer of articular cartilage

Since the healing capacity of articular cartilage is limited, it is important to develop cell-based therapies for the repair of cartilage. Although synthetic or animal-derived scaffolds are frequently used for effective cell delivery long-term safety and efficiency of such scaffolds still remain unclear. We have been studying on a scaffold-free tissue engineered construct (TEC) bio-synthesized from synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) [1]. As the TEC specimen is composed of cells with their native extracellular matrix, we believe that it is free from concern regarding long term immunological effects. our previous studies indicated that a porcine partial thickness chondral defect was successfully repaired with TEC but that the compressive property of the TEC-treated cartilage-like repaired tissue was different from normal cartilage in both immature and mature animals. Imura et al. found that the permeability of the immature porcine cartilage-like tissues repaired with TEC recovered to normal level for 6 months except the superficial layer [2]. Therefore, the present study was performed to determine the depth-dependent permeability of mature porcine cartilage-like tissue repaired with TEC. Moreover, we investigated the effect of difference of permeability on the compressive property of articular cartilage using a finite element analysis (FEM).

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Estimation of differences in selected indices of vibroacoustic signals between healthy and osteoarthritic patellofemoral joints as a potential non-invasive diagnostic tool

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/2130/1/012009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2130 (1) ◽

pp. 012009

Author(s):

R Karpiński ◽

P Krakowski ◽

J Jonak ◽

A Machrowska ◽

M Maciejewski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Articular Cartilage ◽

Invasive Procedure ◽

Superficial Layer ◽

Degenerative Changes ◽

Joint Disease ◽

Control Group ◽

Kinetic Chain ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Joint Surfaces ◽

Vibroacoustic Signals

Abstract Osteoarthritis (OA) is currently the most generic form of joint disease. It is a complex process in which degenerative changes occur in the articular cartilage [AC], subchondral bone, and synovial membrane and can lead to permanent joint failure. The primary and most commonly used method of diagnosing degenerative changes is classic radiography. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used to assess the extent of damage to joint surfaces, but this method is limited by the availability of specialised equipment and the excessive cost of the examination. Arthroscopy, an invasive procedure, is considered the “gold standard” in joint diagnosis. The occurrence of degenerative changes is closely related to the friction and lubrication processes within the joint. The main causes of osteoarthritis are a change or lack of synovial fluid, deformation of the joint bones, local damage to the articular cartilage, and a change in the mechanical properties of the articular cartilage due to water loss from the damaged superficial layer. An alternative, non-invasive method that allows for a delicate assessment of the condition of moving joints is vibroarthrography (VAG). The analysis of vibroacoustic signals generated by moving joint surfaces has an immense potential in the non-invasive assessment of the degree of damage to articular cartilage, meniscus and ligaments and the general diagnosis of degenerative diseases. The purpose of this study is to analyse and statistically compare the basic characteristics of vibroacoustic signals recorded with a CM-01B contact microphone placed on the patella for motion in the 90°–0°–90° range in a closed kinetic chain (CKC) in a control group (HC) and a group of patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis (OA), qualified for the knee alloplasty.

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The role of superficial layer cells in maintenance of articular cartilage surface integrity

Journal of Xiangya Medicine ◽

10.21037/jxym.2017.02.03 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 23-23

Author(s):

John D. Sandy ◽

Anna Plaas

Keyword(s):

Articular Cartilage ◽

Surface Integrity ◽

Superficial Layer ◽

Cartilage Surface ◽

Articular Cartilage Surface

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Light Microscopic, Immunohistochemical, and Electron Microscopic Features of Amyloid Arthropathy in Chickens

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1177/030098589703400402 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 271-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

N. H. M. T. Peperkamp ◽

W. J. M. Landman ◽

P. C. J. Tooten ◽

A. Ultee ◽

W. F. Voorhout ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Articular Cartilage ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Amyloid Fibrils ◽

Superficial Layer ◽

Immunogold Electron Microscopy ◽

Amyloid Formation ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Amyloid A ◽

Amyloid Deposits ◽

Amyloid Arthropathy

Amyloid arthropathy has been recently recognized as a spontaneous syndrome in chickens. Predominantly, femorotibial and tarsometatarsal joints were affected, showing (peri) articular orange amyloid deposits. Immunohistochemical evaluation revealed the amyloid to be of the reactive type. Induction of amyloid arthropathy in chickens was carried out using a single intravenous injection of Enterococcus faecalis cultures. In the naturally occurring and the induced cases, amyloid deposits were found in the hypertrophic synovial villi and in the articular cartilage, particularly in the superficial layer and in the nutritional blood vessel walls. Highly sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were found in the amyloid deposits. Ultrastructurally, bundles of amyloid fibrils were seen in invaginations of synoviocytes and chondrocytes. Immunogold electron microscopy failed to reveal signs of intracellular amyloid formation. The predilection site for amyloid deposition in the major leg joints of the chickens with reactive amyloid could be explained by the arthritic condition caused by Enterococcus faecalis bacteriaemia. The polyarthritis triggers hepatic acute phase protein synthesis and increases the vascular serum amyloid A (SAA) supply to the joint. Inflammatory and degenerative changes in the articular cartilage and adjoining tissues result in an increase of highly sulphated GAGs, which are considered to enhance deposition of SAA as amyloid.

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The intervertebral joint of the longnose gar, Lepisosteus osseus

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z74-107 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 52 (7) ◽

pp. 803-804 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

H. U. Cameron

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Articular Cartilage ◽

Hyaline Cartilage ◽

Superficial Layer ◽

Joint Cavity ◽

Staining Techniques ◽

Longnose Gar ◽

Histological Staining ◽

Scanning Electron

The intervertebral joint of the longnose gar has been examined by differential histological staining techniques and by scanning electron microscopy. The joint was found to be transitional, being neither a true diarthrosis nor a synchondrosis. The articular cartilage was found to consist of two layers, a superficial layer of fibrocartilage and a deeper layer of hyaline cartilage. The joint cavity was partially filled with fibrocartilaginous adhesions, the number of which varied from joint to joint.The degree of movement in each joint was minimal, in keeping with the heavily armored exoskeleton.

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Structure of the most superficial layer of articular cartilage

Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - British Volume ◽

10.1302/0301-620x.77b3.7744937 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 77-B (3) ◽

pp. 460-464 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

R Teshima ◽

T Otsuka ◽

N Takasu ◽

N Yamagata ◽

K Yamamoto

Keyword(s):

Articular Cartilage ◽

Superficial Layer

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The Micro-Mechanical Behavior of Articular Cartilage under Continuous Sliding Load

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.395-396.654 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 395-396 ◽

pp. 654-657

Author(s):

Peng Peng Xiao ◽

Li Lan Gao ◽

Zhi Dong Liu ◽

Chun Qiu Zhang

Keyword(s):

Articular Cartilage ◽

Connective Tissue ◽

Deep Layer ◽

Compressive Strain ◽

Middle Layer ◽

Superficial Layer ◽

Image Correlation ◽

Daily Activities ◽

Normal Displacement ◽

Dic Technique

As a viscoelastic and nonlinear connective tissue, articular cartilage bears continuous sliding load in the daily activities. The optimized digital image correlation (DIC) technique was applied to investigate the effect of sliding rate and compressive strain on the normal displacement of different layers in pig articular cartilage under sliding load. The normal displacements of different layers in cartilage increase gradually with sliding going on with given sliding rate and compressive strain. Experiments showed that the normal displacement of superficial layer is the largest, the normal displacement of deep layer is the smallest and the normal displacement of middle layer is between superficial layer and deep layer, and found that the normal displacements of different layers in cartilage increase with increasing compressive strains, but decrease with increasing sliding rates. The normal displacement of different layers are different under continuous sliding load.

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Effect of hydration on the frequency-dependent viscoelastic properties of articular cartilage

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part H Journal of Engineering in Medicine ◽

10.1177/0954411913501294 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 227 (11) ◽

pp. 1246-1252 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Benjamin Pearson ◽

Daniel M Espino

Keyword(s):

Articular Cartilage ◽

Viscoelastic Properties ◽

Frequency Dependent

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Targeted Loss of Proteoglycans Results in Changes of Frequency-Dependent Viscoelastic Behavior of the Intact Articular Cartilage

ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/sbc2012-80869 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Simon Y. Tang ◽

Tamara Alliston

Keyword(s):

Articular Cartilage ◽

Mechanical Behavior ◽

Viscoelastic Behavior ◽

Enzymatic Digestion ◽

Cartilage Tissue ◽

Indentation Modulus ◽

Frequency Dependent ◽

Bovine Articular Cartilage ◽

Before And After ◽

Tan Δ

Cartilage is a multi-phasic, viscoelastic material that derives its mechanical behavior of its primary constituents including collagen, proteoglycans, and water. The complex mechanical function of cartilage depends critically on the composition and balance of these constituents. We sought to determine the effects of proteoglycan loss on both the time- and frequency-dependent mechanical behavior of articular cartilage. Using cathepsin d, an enzyme that specifically cleaves proteoglycans, we assessed the in situ mechanical behavior of intact bovine articular cartilage before and after enzymatic digestion using microindentation over loading frequencies ranging between 0.5 hz to 20 hz. The loss of proteoglycans does not affect the elastic components of mechanical behavior (indentation modulus; p = 0.67), but have significant consequences on the viscoelastic components (tan δ; p<0.001). Moreover, the changes in the viscoelastic mechanical behavior are more pronounced at higher loading frequencies (p<0.001). Taken together, these results suggest that proteoglycans are critical for providing dynamic stability for the cartilage tissue.

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