Toward a Just-in-Time Adaptive Intervention to Reduce Emerging Adult Alcohol Use: Testing Approaches for Identifying When to Intervene

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Lara N. Coughlin ◽  
Inbal Nahum-Shani ◽  
Erin E. Bonar ◽  
Meredith L. Philyaw-Kotov ◽  
Mashfiqui Rabbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Emerging Adult ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Adaptive Intervention

scholarly journals Reducing Drinking Among People Experiencing Homelessness: Protocol for the Development and Testing of a Just-in-Time Adaptive Intervention

10.2196/15610 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e15610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S Businelle ◽  
Scott T Walters ◽  
Eun-Young Mun ◽  
Thomas R Kirchner ◽  
Emily T Hébert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Pilot Test ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Adaptive Intervention ◽  
Ecological Momentary

Background Adults who are homeless are more likely to have alcohol use disorders (AUDs) compared with domiciled adults. Although AUD treatments are commonly available, many factors (eg, transportation limitations and inability to schedule appointments) contribute to low treatment completion rates and low success rates of these interventions among adults experiencing homelessness. Most adults who are homeless own mobile phones; however, no interventions have been developed that use mobile devices to deliver and support AUD interventions for this population. Mobile phone–based AUD interventions may reduce barriers that have limited the use and utility of traditional interventions. Objective The aim of this study is to (1) identify variables (eg, affect, stress, geolocation, and cravings) that predict drinking among homeless adults (phase I), (2) develop a mobile intervention that utilizes an algorithm to identify moments of risk for drinking and deliver treatment messages that are tailored to the individual’s current needs in real time (phase II), and (3) pilot test the intervention app (phase III). Methods In phase I, adults experiencing homelessness with an AUD (N=80) will complete baseline, equipment, 2-week, and 4-week follow-up visits in person. Participants will be prompted to complete five daily ecological momentary assessments on a study-provided smartphone for 28 days. The smartphone app will collect GPS coordinates every 5 min for the entire 28-day study period. Participants will wear a transdermal alcohol sensor that will objectively measure alcohol use. In phase II, we will use phase I data to develop an algorithm that identifies moments of heightened risk for drinking and develop treatment messages that address risk factors for drinking. Phase III will pilot test the intervention in 40 adults experiencing homelessness with AUD. Results This project was funded in June 2018. IRB approval was obtained in October 2018, and data collection for phase I began in February 2019. Phase III data collection is expected to conclude in 2020. To date, 80 participants have consented to the study, and data analysis for phase I will begin in early 2020. Conclusions This research will highlight intervention targets and develop a novel intervention for understudied and underserved adults experiencing homelessness with AUD. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/15610

scholarly journals Reducing Drinking Among People Experiencing Homelessness: Protocol for the Development and Testing of a Just-in-Time Adaptive Intervention (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S Businelle ◽  
Scott T Walters ◽  
Eun-Young Mun ◽  
Thomas R Kirchner ◽  
Emily T Hébert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Pilot Test ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Adaptive Intervention ◽  
Ecological Momentary

BACKGROUND Adults who are homeless are more likely to have alcohol use disorders (AUDs) compared with domiciled adults. Although AUD treatments are commonly available, many factors (eg, transportation limitations and inability to schedule appointments) contribute to low treatment completion rates and low success rates of these interventions among adults experiencing homelessness. Most adults who are homeless own mobile phones; however, no interventions have been developed that use mobile devices to deliver and support AUD interventions for this population. Mobile phone–based AUD interventions may reduce barriers that have limited the use and utility of traditional interventions. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to (1) identify variables (eg, affect, stress, geolocation, and cravings) that predict drinking among homeless adults (phase I), (2) develop a mobile intervention that utilizes an algorithm to identify moments of risk for drinking and deliver treatment messages that are tailored to the individual’s current needs in real time (phase II), and (3) pilot test the intervention app (phase III). METHODS In phase I, adults experiencing homelessness with an AUD (N=80) will complete baseline, equipment, 2-week, and 4-week follow-up visits in person. Participants will be prompted to complete five daily ecological momentary assessments on a study-provided smartphone for 28 days. The smartphone app will collect GPS coordinates every 5 min for the entire 28-day study period. Participants will wear a transdermal alcohol sensor that will objectively measure alcohol use. In phase II, we will use phase I data to develop an algorithm that identifies moments of heightened risk for drinking and develop treatment messages that address risk factors for drinking. Phase III will pilot test the intervention in 40 adults experiencing homelessness with AUD. RESULTS This project was funded in June 2018. IRB approval was obtained in October 2018, and data collection for phase I began in February 2019. Phase III data collection is expected to conclude in 2020. To date, 80 participants have consented to the study, and data analysis for phase I will begin in early 2020. CONCLUSIONS This research will highlight intervention targets and develop a novel intervention for understudied and underserved adults experiencing homelessness with AUD. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT DERR1-10.2196/15610

scholarly journals Reinforcement Learning to Send Reminders at Right Moments in Smartphone Exercise Application: A Feasibility Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6059
Author(s):  
Shihan Wang ◽  
Karlijn Sporrel ◽  
Herke van Hoof ◽  
Monique Simons ◽  
Rémi D. D. de Boer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Healthcare Intervention ◽  
Adaptive Intervention ◽  
Mobile Healthcare ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Application Data ◽  
The Right

Just-in-time adaptive intervention (JITAI) has gained attention recently and previous studies have indicated that it is an effective strategy in the field of mobile healthcare intervention. Identifying the right moment for the intervention is a crucial component. In this paper the reinforcement learning (RL) technique has been used in a smartphone exercise application to promote physical activity. This RL model determines the ‘right’ time to deliver a restricted number of notifications adaptively, with respect to users’ temporary context information (i.e., time and calendar). A four-week trial study was conducted to examine the feasibility of our model with real target users. JITAI reminders were sent by the RL model in the fourth week of the intervention, while the participants could only access the app’s other functionalities during the first 3 weeks. Eleven target users registered for this study, and the data from 7 participants using the application for 4 weeks and receiving the intervening reminders were analyzed. Not only were the reaction behaviors of users after receiving the reminders analyzed from the application data, but the user experience with the reminders was also explored in a questionnaire and exit interviews. The results show that 83.3% reminders sent at adaptive moments were able to elicit user reaction within 50 min, and 66.7% of physical activities in the intervention week were performed within 5 h of the delivery of a reminder. Our findings indicated the usability of the RL model, while the timing of the moments to deliver reminders can be further improved based on lessons learned.

scholarly journals Development of a Just-in-Time Adaptive Intervention for Smoking Cessation Among Korean American Emerging Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 665-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Jules Cerrada ◽  
Eldin Dzubur ◽  
Kacie C. A. Blackman ◽  
Vickie Mays ◽  
Steven Shoptaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Korean American ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Adaptive Intervention

scholarly journals Alcohol use variability in a community-based sample of nonstudent emerging adult heavy drinkers

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 698-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy Lau-Barraco ◽  
Abby L. Braitman ◽  
Amy L. Stamates ◽  
Ashley N. Linden-Carmichael
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Emerging Adult ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Heavy Drinkers

scholarly journals Alcohol Use and Emerging Adult Development: a Latent Profile Analysis of Community Drinkers

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1180-1199
Author(s):  
Joyce Y. Zhu ◽  
Abby L. Goldstein ◽  
Sean P. Mackinnon ◽  
Sherry H. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Emerging Adult ◽  
Latent Profile

scholarly journals Personalized feedback tempers weekend increases in alcohol use among nonstudent emerging adult drinkers

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 106332
Author(s):  
Abby L. Braitman ◽  
Cathy Lau-Barraco ◽  
Amy L. Stamates
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Emerging Adult ◽  
Personalized Feedback

scholarly journals The impact of parenthood on alcohol consumption trajectories: Variations as a function of timing of parenthood, familial alcoholism, and gender

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 661-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Little ◽  
Elizabeth Handley ◽  
Eileen Leuthe ◽  
Laurie Chassin
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Adolescent Mothers ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Adolescent Parents ◽  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
Emerging Adult ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe current study tested the impact of the transition to parenthood on growth in alcohol consumption from early adolescence through emerging adulthood. We measured age-related discontinuity in trajectories of alcohol consumption associated with timing of the parenthood transition, above and beyond the effects of accrued educational status, gender, and time-varying marital status. We also examined the impact of a familial selection factor for the transmission of alcohol use problems, family history density of alcoholism (FHD), on both risk for adolescent parenthood and risk for adolescent parents' continuity in alcohol consumption after the parent transition within a mediation structural equation model. Premature timing of parenthood had a distinct effect on emerging adult alcohol trajectories. Although participants who became parents as emerging adults showed role-related decline in alcohol consumption, those who became parents during adolescence showed a role-related rise in emerging adult alcohol consumption. Gender moderated adolescent parents' role-related growth in emerging adult alcohol consumption. Adolescent fathers showed an adverse rise in alcohol consumption after becoming parents, whereas adolescent mothers' alcohol consumption did not change significantly. FHD was related to high adolescent alcohol consumption, which mediated risk for the incidence of early parenthood. Finally, the adverse effect of FHD on trajectories of emerging adult alcohol use was mediated by a dual pathway: (a) developmental continuity of conduct problems and (b) early transition to parenthood.

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