Chemical characterization and biopharmaceutical properties of three fruits from Côte d’Ivoire

En Côte d’Ivoire, la pratique des cultures continues ont entrainé la pauvreté des sols en éléments nutritifs. Pour y remédier, des espèces biofertilisantes en occurrence des légumineuses subligneuses susceptibles d’influer sur la disponibilité des éléments nutritifs du sol sont plantées dans les jachères pour la restauration de la fertilité. Cette étude sur le recensement et les caractérisations physicochimiques du sol et des légumineuses utilisées comme biofertilisants dans les jachères a été conduite à Daloa. La caractérisation chimique de ces végétaux réalisée sur la biomasse racinaire fraîche séchée au four à 65 ° C pendant 72 heures puis broyée et tamisée à une taille de 0,5 mm, a porté sur les compositions totales en N, P, K, Ca, Mg, C. Quant à la caractérisation du sol prélevé à 0-20 cm de profondeur, le pH, la taille des particules, l'azote total, le carbone organique, la capacité d'échange de cations, le P disponible et le K ont été analysés. Les prospections réalisées dans ces jachères ont permis de recenser six légumineuses comme culture principale. Ces légumineuses sont majoritairement lianescentes (50 %) contre 33 % des herbacées et 17 % d’arbustes. Les caractéristiques chimiques des racines ont montré une différence de variation de l’azote du témoin (13 g kg-1) à Mimosa invisa (28 g kg-1). Les concentrations en N, P, K ont été maximales chez toutes les espèces à l’exception de Mimosa invisa et Crotalaria retusa. Cependant, chez Mimosa invisa , les fortes concentrations de CEC (13,8 cmolc kg-1) et de C (27 g kg-1) ont été enregistrées. Les concentrations de phosphores (3,9 g kg-1) et de potassiums (53 g kg-1 de K) sont maximales respectivement chez Crotalaria goreensis et Crotalaria retusa. L’usage de ces légumineuses semble indispensable à la reconstitution de l’horizon humifère donc susceptible de restaurer la fertilité du sol et d’influencer la croissance des cultures non fixatrice d’azote. Akedrin et al., 2020 Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences (J.Anim.Plant Sci. ISSN 2071-7024) Vol.45 (1): 7771-7782 https://doi.org/10.35759/JAnmPlSci.v45-1.2 7772 Monograph of subligneous legumes used for the biofertilization of improved fallow soils in Daloa (Côte d'Ivoire). ABSTRACT In Côte d'Ivoire, the practice of continuous cultivation has resulted in poor nutrient soils. To remedy this, biofertilizing species in the form of subligneous legumes likely to influence the availability of soil nutrients are planted in fallows to restore fertility. This study on the inventory and the physico-chemical characterization of the legume species used as biofertilizers in fallows was conducted in Daloa. The chemical characterization of these plants was carried out from fresh root biomass dried in an oven at 65 ° C for 72 hours then crushed and sieved to a size of 0.5 mm. The analyses related to the total compositions in N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and C. As for the characterization of the soil sampled at 0-20 cm depth, the pH, the size of the particles, Total nitrogen, the organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, available P and K were analyzed. Surveys carried out in these fallows have identified six legumes as the main crop. These legumes are mostly creeping (50%) compared to herbaceous (33%) and shrubs (17%). The chemical characteristics of the roots showed a difference in the variation of nitrogen from the control (13 g kg-1) to Mimosa invisa (28 g kg-1). Concentrations of N, P, and K were highest in all species except Mimosa invisa and Crotalaria retusa. However, in Mimosa invisa, high concentrations of CEC (13.8 cmolc kg-1) and C (27 g kg-1) were recorded. Similarly, the concentrations of phosphorus (3.9 g kg-1) and potassium (53 g kg-1 K) are maximum in Crotalaria goreensis and Crotalaria retusa respectively. The use of these legumes seems essential to the reconstruction of the humiferous horizon, therefore likely to restore soil fertility and influence the growth of crops that do not fix nitrogen.

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Physico-chemical Characterization of Granulated Sugar from Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Inflorescence Sap Cultivars and Sugar Cane in Côte d'Ivoire

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2019/v37i330287 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Okoma D. Muriel J. ◽

Assa. Rebecca. R. ◽

Konan K. Jean-Louis ◽

Konan. N. Ysidor

Keyword(s):

Cote D'ivoire ◽

Sugar Cane ◽

Côte D’Ivoire ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Cane Sugar ◽

Cote D’Ivoire ◽

Brown Sugar ◽

Côte D'ivoire ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

White Sugar

Aims: To evaluate and compare some physico-chemical characteristics of powdered sugar from the inflorescences of three of the most widespread coconut cultivars in Côte d'Ivoire compared to sugar from cane sugar to diversifying coconut exploitation in Côte d'Ivoire. Experimental Design was Used: The sap was extracted from inflorescences of row 8 of PB113+, PB121+ hybrid and GOA cultivar. Three different treatments that varied time and temperature were set. The physico-chemical characterization concerned the sugar samples from each pair. Samples of white and brown sugar from sugar cane, sold commercially in Côte d'Ivoire, were used as controls. Place and Duration of Studies: Marc Delorme Station for Coconut Research at the National Centre for Agricultural Research, Côte d'Ivoire between January 2017 and March 2018. Methodology: The sap from the freshly collected coconut tree inflorescences was directly transformed into granulated sugar by thermal spraying (Okoma et al, 2019), without preservatives. Three treatments varying the time/temperature pair were tested. Thus, the processing consisted of: T1: boil 1 liter of sap for 45 minutes at a temperature varying from 60-120°C. T2: boil 1 liter of sap for 40 minutes at a temperature varying from 60-140°C. T3: boil 1 liter of sap for 35 minutes at a temperature varying from 60-160°C. The physico-chemical characterization concerned the coconut sugar samples from each treatment and covered the dry matter content (DMS), moisture (HUM), ashes content (ASH), hydrogen potential (pH), titratable acidity content (TAT), total and reducing sugar contents, fat content and crude fibers. We considered the white and brown sugar from sugar cane sold in the sample as control samples. Results: All the physico-chemical characteristics of the crystalline coconut and sugar cane sugars analyzed generated significant differences (p<0.5) between them and the controls. Regardless of the treatment, the controls white and brown cane sugar provide statistically identical DMS, greater than 99.45 g/100 g respectively. These levels are higher than those provided by the sugar of coconut cultivars. In addition, white (0.27 to 0.29) and brown (0.42 to 0.50) cane sugar contains less water than all coconut cultivars (0.76 to 1.70). Regardless of the treatments applied, crystalline coconut sugar contains ashes contents (ASH) that range from 1.45 to 2.85 and are statistically higher than the proportions found in brown sugar cane sugar (0.11 to 0.28). White sugar cane sugar does not contain ashes. The pH of white sugar and brown sugar (6.09 and 6.44) is significantly higher than that of coconut sugar (4.82 and 6.19). The titratable acid content of coconut sugar ranged from 1.25 to 2.19 compared to 0.94 to 1.99 in cane sugar. Total sugar contents (TST) represent 81.15 to 87.54% of the dry matter in coconut cultivars. This is lower than the TSTs for white sugar (99.01 to 99.04%) and brown sugar (95.6 to 95.73%) sugar cane. Crystal sugar in coconut cultivars contains statistically fewer reducing sugars (6.75 to 7.89%) than white sugar cane sugar (8.11 to 8.12%). Its red counterpart, with 6.14%, contains smaller amounts of reducing sugars. Conclusion: Sugars are the main constituents of the dry matter of the coconut and cane sugar crystals studied. However, the different heat treatments applied to the sap of coconut inflorescences significantly affected all the physico-chemical parameters of each sugar. The physico-chemical characteristics have statistically differentiated coconut sugar from sugar cane sugar. However, for a better valorization of crystalline coconut sugar in Côte d'Ivoire, additional studies to determine its carbohydrate, mineral, vitamin and energy content should be considered.

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