Forest edge effects on the biological performance of the forest tent caterpillar (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) in sugar maple stands

Ecoscience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Fortin ◽  
Yves Mauffette
Keyword(s):  
Edge Effects ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Biological Performance ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

scholarly journals The Combined Effects of Forest Tent Caterpillar Defoliation and Timber Stand Improvement Activity on Epicormic Sprouting of Sugar Maple and Black Cherry

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Rob A. Wink ◽  
Douglas C. Allen
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
New York State ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Epicormic Sprouting

Abstract A 2 × 2 factorial analysis of variance design assessed the combined effects of severe defoliation by the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria (Hub.), from 1991 through 1993 and concurrent timber stand improvement (TSI) treatments on the occurrence of epicormic sproutingfor both sugar maple (SM), Acer saccharum (Marsh.) and black cherry (BC), Prunus serotina (Ehrh.) in the Tug Hill region of New York State. The potential economic effects of epicormic sprouting by dominant and codominant (DC) SM after defoliation and TSI were statistically significantbut negligible. TSI treatments alone and defoliation alone, however, promoted sprouting in intermediate SM, which may result in future grade reduction. The combination of defoliation and TSI treatment resulted in prolific epicormic sprouting by DC BC. These two disturbances have the potential to cause significant standwide value losses in this species.

scholarly journals Dieback and growth loss of sugar maple associated with defoliation by the forest tent caterpillar

1991 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Crown Shape ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Growth Loss ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
Food Reserves ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

Sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) stands in southwestern Ontario experienced a forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria Hbn.) infestation in the mid 1970s. The defoliation was considered a key factor that accounted for an upsurge in the amount of dieback damage that occurred in 1977 and 1978 in the area affected by the caterpillar. Growth loss, dieback and food reserve relationships were examined. In the years 1977-1979 defoliated maples grew at a reduced rate that averaged 39.5% less than that for maples in stands adjacent to the infestation. Trees that recovered from the influence of defoliation were compared with those that died or continued to experience dieback. Those that recovered had greater food reserves in 1978 and 1979, on the basis of sapwood starch content, than did maples that declined. Stands showed good recovery from dieback. Dominant and codominant maples that had less than 40% branch mortality in 1978 generally recovered to good vigor and crown shape by 1980.

Temperature and food quality effects on growth, consumption and post-ingestive utilization ef.ciencies of the forest tent caterpillar Malacosoma disstria (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.R. Levesque ◽  
M. Fortin ◽  
Y. Mauffette
Keyword(s):  
Food Quality ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Leaf Quality ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

AbstractTemperature and food quality can both influence growth rates, consumption rates, utilization efficiencies and developmental time of herbivorous insects. Gravimetric analyses were conducted during two consecutive years to assess the effects of temperature and food quality on fourth instar larvae of the forest tent caterpillar Malacosoma disstria Hübner. Larvae were reared in the laboratory at three different temperatures (18, 24 and 30°C) and on two types of diet; leaves of sugar maple trees Acer saccharum Marsh. located at the forest edge (sun-exposed leaves) or within the forest interior (shade-exposed leaves). In general, larvae reared at 18°C had lower growth rates and lower consumption rates than larvae reared at the warmer temperatures (24 and 30°C). Moreover, the duration of the instar decreased significantly with increasing temperatures. Type of diet also affected the growth rates and amount of food ingested by larvae but did not affect the duration of the instar. Larvae fed sun-exposed leaves consumed more food and gained higher biomasses. Values of approximate digestibility and efficiency of conversion of ingested food were also higher when larvae were fed sun-exposed leaves. Higher growth rates with increasing temperatures were primarily the result of the shorter stadium duration. The higher growth rates of larvae fed sun-exposed leaves were possibly the result of stimulatory feeding and consequently greater food intake and also a more efficient use of food ingested. This study suggests that the performance of M. disstria caterpillars could be enhanced by warmer temperatures and higher leaf quality.

scholarly journals The Combined Effects of Defoliation and Modified Timber Stand Improvement on Hardwoods in the Tug Hill Region of New York

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Wink ◽  
Douglas C. Allen
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
New York State ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Hill Region ◽  
Crown Dieback ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

Abstract A 2×2 factorial analysis of variance was used to assess the combined effects of defoliation by forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria (Hub.), that occurred from 1991 through 1993 and concurrent modified timber stand improvement (TSI) treatments on sugar maple [Acersaccharum (Marsh.)] and black cherry [Prunus serotina (Erhr.)] in the Tug Hill region of New York state. Defoliation significantly reduced growth of both overstory sugar maple and black cherry. Defoliation significantly increased both mortality and crown dieback ofoverstory sugar maple. TSI treatments made during the outbreak significantly increased mortality and crown dieback of suppressed sugar maple. Defoliated stands where TSI occurred had lower mortality of overstory sugar maple, and residual overstory sugar maple recovered more rapidly from defoliationcompared with untreated defoliated stands. For the first time, red maple (Acer rubrum L.) is reported as a host for forest tent caterpillar.

Variation in soil and foliar nutrition status along a forest edge–interior gradient in sugar maple forest fragments

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 1463-1470
Author(s):  
Eva Masson ◽  
Alain Cogliastro ◽  
Daniel Houle ◽  
David Rivest
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Edge Effects ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Foliar Nutrition ◽  
Log Ratio

The consequences of forest fragmentation and edge effects on soil nutrient availability and nutrition of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) forests remain understudied. We assessed soil chemistry (bulk pH, total carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), extractable phosphorus (P), exchangeable cations, and mineralizable N) and foliar nutrition (N, P, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg)) of mature sugar maple forests along an edge–interior gradient (10, 20, 30, 50, 70, and 120 m from the forest edges) in seven sugar maple forest stands (three on sandstone and four on dolomite bedrock) that are embedded within an agricultural landscape in southern Quebec, Canada. We hypothesized that foliar nutritional imbalances of sugar maple forests would decline along this gradient. Foliar nutrition was analyzed using the diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) and the compositional nutrient diagnosis with isometric log-ratio (CND-ilr) method. At the sandstone sites, rates of N mineralization and nitrification increased with increasing distance from the forest edge. Other soil chemical properties and all sugar maple foliar indices of nutritional diagnostics varied weakly along the edge–interior gradient. Assessment of sugar maple forest nutritional status through different nutritional indices revealed K and P deficiencies in all stands that were sampled and at all distances from the forest edge. Overall, we found weak forest-edge effects on soil chemical properties and sugar maple forest nutritional status.

scholarly journals Growth of Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) after Ice Storm Damage and Forest Tent Caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria Hubner) Defoliation

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 620
Author(s):  
Eddie Bevilacqua ◽  
Ralph D. Nyland ◽  
Tori Smith Namestnik ◽  
Douglas C. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Ice Storm ◽  
Storm Damage ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
One Year ◽  
Ice Storm Damage ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

The January 1998 ice storm broke off tree crowns across a wide geographic area in northeastern North America, and forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria Hubner) defoliated some of the same stands in 2004–2007. We assessed the post-event growth responses of upper canopy sugar maples (Acersaccharum Marsh.) in previously thinned and recently rehabilitated even-aged northern hardwood stands in New York State, USA. Cores from ice-storm-damaged trees showed an initial radial growth reduction, a recovery after one year, and an increase to or above pre-storm levels after three years. A later forest tent caterpillar defoliation in the same stand caused a second reduction of growth, and another recovery after one year. We observed greater post-storm radial growth on trees released by a post-ice storm rehabilitation treatment than in the untreated control, with growth exceeding pre-storm rates. Cores from another site thinned 38 years earlier and impacted only by the forest tent caterpillar showed a more moderate growth reduction, and a prompt but smaller post-defoliation growth response than among trees affected by both the ice storm and defoliation. Findings reflect the potential for growth of upper canopy sugar maple trees to recover after a single or two closely occurring crown disturbances, and provide guidance to managers who must decide about removing or continuing to manage stands after similar kinds of ice storm damage or defoliation.

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