scholarly journals Growth of Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) after Ice Storm Damage and Forest Tent Caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria Hubner) Defoliation

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 620
Author(s):  
Eddie Bevilacqua ◽  
Ralph D. Nyland ◽  
Tori Smith Namestnik ◽  
Douglas C. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Ice Storm ◽  
Storm Damage ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
One Year ◽  
Ice Storm Damage ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

The January 1998 ice storm broke off tree crowns across a wide geographic area in northeastern North America, and forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria Hubner) defoliated some of the same stands in 2004–2007. We assessed the post-event growth responses of upper canopy sugar maples (Acersaccharum Marsh.) in previously thinned and recently rehabilitated even-aged northern hardwood stands in New York State, USA. Cores from ice-storm-damaged trees showed an initial radial growth reduction, a recovery after one year, and an increase to or above pre-storm levels after three years. A later forest tent caterpillar defoliation in the same stand caused a second reduction of growth, and another recovery after one year. We observed greater post-storm radial growth on trees released by a post-ice storm rehabilitation treatment than in the untreated control, with growth exceeding pre-storm rates. Cores from another site thinned 38 years earlier and impacted only by the forest tent caterpillar showed a more moderate growth reduction, and a prompt but smaller post-defoliation growth response than among trees affected by both the ice storm and defoliation. Findings reflect the potential for growth of upper canopy sugar maple trees to recover after a single or two closely occurring crown disturbances, and provide guidance to managers who must decide about removing or continuing to manage stands after similar kinds of ice storm damage or defoliation.

Ice storm damage: Effects of competition and fertilization on the growth of sugar maple trees

2003 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
R A Lautenschlager ◽  
John H Pedlar ◽  
John A Winters ◽  
Cathy M Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Ice Storm ◽  
Storm Damage ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Competition Control ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Ice Storm Damage

Treatment plots in blocks established in productive sugar maple (Acer saccharum) bushes throughout southeastern Ontario were used to quantify effects of fertilizers, vegetation control and interactions on maple growth following the 1998 ice storm. Treatments were applied during the spring of 1999. Increment cores from six mature sugar maple trees in each plot in each block were extracted and examined during October 2001. Maple growth was highly variable before the storm, but fell to a 30-year low during both the first and second year after the storm. Growth reductions increased with increasing crown damage. Treatment-related statistical differences were marginal; however, the data suggest that phosphorus and potassium additions and competition control improved the growth of ice-damaged mature sugar maple trees. The combination of competition control and fertilization increased growth of ice-damaged maple the most. Key words: Acer saccharum, increment cores, glyphosate, phosphorus, potassium

scholarly journals 1998 ice storm impact on sugar bushes of eastern Ontario

2003 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L Noland
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Ice Storm ◽  
Storm Damage ◽  
Closure Rate ◽  
Root Starch ◽  
Eastern Ontario ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Ice Storm Damage

In 1998, thirty-four managed sugar bush blocks with 7% to 72% ice-induced crown damage were established in eastern Ontario. All received dolomitic lime (Ca, Mg) and P and K treatments in June 1999. Initial crown damage, fall root starch and sugar levels, sap production and sweetness, sap amino acid concentration, and tap hole closure rate were measured. Syrup production was calculated. Trees with >50% (severe) crown damage had reduced root starch content in 1998 and 2000, but not in 1999. In 2000, root total sugars were lower in trees with >50% crown damage. Sap produced per tap, and sap sweetness were reduced by damage, but not consistently in all years. Sap per tap increased with total crown branches in all three years, but sap sweetness and syrup production only in 1999. Syrup production per tap was consistently reduced in damaged trees in all three years, usually in trees with > 50% damage. The lime and P and K treatments did not significantly affect any of the variables measured. Results suggest that severe ice storm damage to crowns resulted in reduced fall root starch levels and less sap production, and/or sap sweetness, and therefore lowered the syrup producing capacity of sugar maple. Key words: Acer saccharum, ice storm, sap and syrup production, root starch, crown damage

scholarly journals Preliminary hazard rating for forest tent caterpillar in British Columbia

2010 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 636-648
Author(s):  
Imre S. Otvos ◽  
Kangakola Omendja ◽  
Sharene Foord ◽  
Nicholas Conder ◽  
Neil Borecky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
One Year ◽  
Hazard Rating ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

Forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria Hübner) is a major defoliator of hardwoods throughout North America, including aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). M. disstria has been a major concern in many parts of Canada for the last two decades, but until recently in British Columbia it was considered an aesthetic concern only. However, with the increasing interest in the cultivation of hardwoods for fibre, and more recently for fuel, this insect could become a major concern in hardwood management. Records of past M. disstria outbreaks in British Columbia were summarized. The locations and intensity of six outbreaks were overlaid on biogeoclimatic units to determine which biogeoclimatic zones have experienced repeated outbreaks of M. disstria. Between 1944 and 2003, M. disstria outbreaks have become larger in extent and longer in duration. Analysis indicated that aspen stands in the Boreal White and Black Spruce (BWBS), Sub- Boreal Spruce (SBS) and Interior Cedar-Hemlock (ICH) biogeoclimatic zones have been most frequently attacked. In the BWBS zone, most affected areas (93.3%) were defoliated for only one year (lightly). In the SBS and ICH zones, areas attacked by M. disstria tended to be defoliated two or more consecutive years (40.2% and 56.2%, respectively), and had a greater chance of being more severely defoliated than aspen stands in the BWBS zone. Key words: Malacosoma disstria, forest tent caterpillar, damage, outbreaks, hazard rating

scholarly journals Glaze Damage in a Young Yellow Birch Stand in Southern Quebec, Canada

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Zarnovican
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Ice Storm ◽  
Storm Damage ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Yellow Birch ◽  
Precommercial Thinning ◽  
White Ash ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Log Linear ◽  
Ice Storm Damage

Abstract The relationships between three hardwood species, social position of trees, precommercial thinning treatment and ice storm damage were studied in a young hardwood stand in southern Quebec. The association between these variables was determined using log-linear modeling. Severity of the glaze damage was much higher for yellow birch than for sugar maple and white ash. As for the thinning treatment, yellow birch had the highest damage when heavy thinning from below was used. North. J. Appl. For. 18(1):14–18

Temperature and food quality effects on growth, consumption and post-ingestive utilization ef.ciencies of the forest tent caterpillar Malacosoma disstria (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.R. Levesque ◽  
M. Fortin ◽  
Y. Mauffette
Keyword(s):  
Food Quality ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Leaf Quality ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

AbstractTemperature and food quality can both influence growth rates, consumption rates, utilization efficiencies and developmental time of herbivorous insects. Gravimetric analyses were conducted during two consecutive years to assess the effects of temperature and food quality on fourth instar larvae of the forest tent caterpillar Malacosoma disstria Hübner. Larvae were reared in the laboratory at three different temperatures (18, 24 and 30°C) and on two types of diet; leaves of sugar maple trees Acer saccharum Marsh. located at the forest edge (sun-exposed leaves) or within the forest interior (shade-exposed leaves). In general, larvae reared at 18°C had lower growth rates and lower consumption rates than larvae reared at the warmer temperatures (24 and 30°C). Moreover, the duration of the instar decreased significantly with increasing temperatures. Type of diet also affected the growth rates and amount of food ingested by larvae but did not affect the duration of the instar. Larvae fed sun-exposed leaves consumed more food and gained higher biomasses. Values of approximate digestibility and efficiency of conversion of ingested food were also higher when larvae were fed sun-exposed leaves. Higher growth rates with increasing temperatures were primarily the result of the shorter stadium duration. The higher growth rates of larvae fed sun-exposed leaves were possibly the result of stimulatory feeding and consequently greater food intake and also a more efficient use of food ingested. This study suggests that the performance of M. disstria caterpillars could be enhanced by warmer temperatures and higher leaf quality.

Prevalence and biology of Furia gastropachae (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) in populations of forest tent caterpillar (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie J. Filotas ◽  
Ann E. Hajek ◽  
Richard A. Humber
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Pieris Rapae ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Danaus Plexippus ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Resting Spore ◽  
Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Marked Tendency

AbstractFuria gastropachaecomb. nov. (= Furia crustosa MacLeod et Tyrrell) has long been associated with declines in populations of the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hübner; however, its prevalence and impact on host populations have never been documented. We clarify the nomenclature for this species, which has previously been called F. crustosa, and describe the morphology of F. gastropachae isolates from Maryland and New York. Epizootics of F. gastropachae were studied in M. disstria populations in New York and Maryland, United States of America. Prevalence (mean ± SE) of F. gastropachae in late fifth instar larvae in New York was 25.6 ± 7.8% compared with 22.2 ± 11.3% infection by virus and 23.3 ± 8.4% parasitism. In Maryland, F. gastropachae was not found in early instars and its incidence in fourth and fifth instars was 14.5 ± 7.3 and 21.6 ± 17.6%, respectively. Dipteran parasitoids were also important natural enemies with 38.3 ± 3.0 and 17.9 ± 1.4% parasitism in fourth and fifth instars, respectively. Virus was found in fewer than 5% of larvae collected. Furia gastropachae showed a marked tendency toward resting spore production in infected larvae, with 100% of larvae collected in New York and >80% of larvae collected in Maryland producing resting spores, either alone or in combination with conidia. The appearance of cadavers of larvae dying from fungal and viral infections was similar. Of 13 species of Lepidoptera exposed to F. gastropachae conidia in host-range bioassays, only 3.3% of Danaus plexippus (L.) (Lepidoptera: Danaidae), 5.6% of Pieris rapae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), and 3.7% of Manduca sexta (L.) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) were successfully infected by this fungus.

The Light Reactions of Larvae of the Tent Caterpillars, Malacosoma disstria Hbn., M. americanum (Fab.), and M. pluviale (Dyar). (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)

1953 ◽  
Vol 85 (8) ◽  
pp. 297-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Sullivan ◽  
W. G. Wellington
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Larval Behaviour ◽  
Tent Caterpillars ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

The forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hbn., and the eastern and western tent caterpillars, M. americanum (Fab.) and M. pluviale (Dyar), are common pests of several species of deciduous trees in Canada. All are colonial during the larval stage, but M. disstria differs from the others in one respect: it does not construct a communal tent. This difference in habit merits special consideration in any comparative study of larval behaviour, particularly in one concerned with the effects of physical factors upon the insects, since a tent modifies the effects of the physical environment considerably. Recently, a series of such studies was carried out, and one part of the work consisted of laboratory and field observations on the light reactions of larvae. The results obtained have raised a number of new questions which unfortunately cannot be answered now, hecause two of the species have been difficult to obtain in quantity since 1950. Nevertheless, the findings are presented here without additional delay, since they are of general interest, and other workers may wish to use them.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document