Psychometric properties and normative data for the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18) in high school and collegiate athletes

ObjectiveThis study examined the association between age of first concussion (AFC) and neurocognitive performance, psychological distress, postural stability, and concussion symptoms in healthy collegiate student athletes.BackgroundConcussions are common among youth athletes, yet the long-term clinical consequences are largely unknown. We hypothesized that earlier AFC (younger age at first injury) would be associated with worse clinical outcomes.Design/MethodsParticipants included 4,267 collegiate athletes with a positive concussion history from various contact, limited-contact, and non-contact sports (1,818 women and 2,449 men) who completed baseline assessments as part of the Concussion Assessment, Research and Education (CARE) Consortium. Self-reported AFC included both sport- and non-sport-related concussions. Participants completed the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (assessing psychological distress), the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT, assessing neurocognitive performance and symptoms), the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool symptom evaluation, and the Balance Error Scoring System (assessing postural stability). Generalized linear models were implemented for men and women separately to examine the effects of AFC on clinical outcomes.ResultsMedian time from AFC to assessment was four years. After correcting for multiple comparisons, earlier AFC was associated with greater somatic (Exp(B) = 0.96, p = 0.001) and global (Exp(B) = 0.96, p < 0.001) psychological distress on the Brief Symptom Inventory-18, and slower ImPACT reaction time (B = −0.003, p = 0.001) in women. After correcting for multiple comparisons, AFC was not associated with any clinical outcomes in men.ConclusionsEarlier AFC appears to have some long-term clinical consequences in women but not men, which is consistent with work suggesting that women report greater overall symptoms than men following concussion. These results underscore the importance of minimizing the risk of and properly managing concussions in youth sports, as they may have lasting effects. Future work should examine mechanisms of the AFC sex effects as well as longer-term clinical outcomes in middle and older adulthood.

Download Full-text

Psychometric properties of the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 in a Spanish breast cancer sample

Journal of Psychosomatic Research ◽

10.1016/j.jpsychores.2008.05.009 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 65 (6) ◽

pp. 533-539 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Ma José Galdón ◽

Estrella Durá ◽

Yolanda Andreu ◽

Maite Ferrando ◽

Sergio Murgui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Brief Symptom Inventory ◽

Breast Cancer Sample ◽

Symptom Inventory ◽

Cancer Sample

Download Full-text

The Psychometric Properties of the Brief Symptom Inventory in Men under Criminal Justice Involvement: Implications for Forensic Social Workers in Practice Settings

The British Journal of Social Work ◽

10.1093/bjsw/bcu074 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 45 (7) ◽

pp. 2210-2223 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Pamela Valera ◽

Robert Fullilove ◽

Shae Cali ◽

Edward Nunes ◽

Victoria Chiongbian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Criminal Justice ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Social Workers ◽

Brief Symptom Inventory ◽

Criminal Justice Involvement ◽

Symptom Inventory

Download Full-text

Brief Symptoms Inventory psychometric properties supports the hypothesis of a general psychopathological factor.

10.31234/osf.io/7jk2r ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Leandro Malloy-Diniz ◽

Alexandre Luiz de Oliveira Serpa ◽

Danielle de Souza Costa ◽

Mayra Isabel C. Pinheiro ◽

Alexandre Paim Diaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psychometric Properties ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Brief Symptom Inventory ◽

General Factor ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Paranoid Ideation ◽

Symptom Inventory ◽

The Mean ◽

Main Dimension ◽

Specific Cluster

The existence of a general factor related to psychiatric symptoms is supported by studies using a variety of methods and in both clinical and nonclinical samples. This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of Brief Symptom Inventory assessing the hypothesis that its scores fits better in a bifactor model with both general factor and specific cluster of symptoms. Participants were 6,427 brazilian subjects (81% female). The mean age was 42.1 years old (SD = 13.6, Min = 13, Max = 80). All participants fulfill the online version of the Brief Symptom Inventory. This scale presents a general score (GSI) and nine specific cluster of symptoms (depression, anxiety, phobic anxiety, interpersonal sensibility, psychoticism, paranoid ideation, obsessive-compulsive, hostility and somatization symptoms) Confirmatory factorial analysis was performed to assess the factorial BSI structure. Results supports the bifactorial solution for BSI. Nonetheless, the general factor was the main dimension to explain the variability of examinees. The use of the nine specific clusters of symptoms remains useful to assess specific clinical and research questions.

Download Full-text

Sport Concussion Assessment Tool Symptom Inventory: Healthy and Acute Postconcussion Symptom Factor Structures

Journal of Athletic Training ◽

10.4085/1062-6050-393-19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 55 (10) ◽

pp. 1046-1053

Author(s):

Morgan Anderson ◽

Kyle M. Petit ◽

Abigail C. Bretzin ◽

R.J. Elbin ◽

Katie L. Stephenson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Neck Pain ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Case Series ◽

Collegiate Athletes ◽

Principal Component ◽

Factor Solution ◽

Symptom Inventory ◽

Sport Concussion

Context Previous researchers have examined factor structures for common concussion symptom inventories. However, they failed to discriminate between the acute (<72 hours) and subacute (3 days–3 months) periods after concussion. The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT) is an acute assessment that, when compared with other concussion symptom inventories, includes or excludes symptoms that may result in different symptom factors. Objective The primary purpose was to investigate the symptom factor structure of the 22-item SCAT symptom inventory in healthy, uninjured and acutely concussed high school and collegiate athletes. The secondary purpose was to document the frequency of the unique SCAT symptom inventory items. Design Case series. Setting High school and college. Patients or Other Participants A total of 1334 healthy, uninjured and 200 acutely concussed high school and collegiate athletes. Main Outcome Measure(s) Healthy, uninjured participants completed the SCAT symptom inventory at a single assessment. Participants in the acutely concussed sample completed the SCAT symptom inventory within 72 hours after concussion. Two separate exploratory factor analyses (EFAs) using a principal component analysis and varimax extraction method were conducted. Results A 3-factor solution accounted for 48.1% of the total variance for the healthy, uninjured sample: cognitive-fatigue (eg, feeling “in a fog” and “don't feel right”), migraine (eg, neck pain and headache), and affective (eg, more emotional and sadness) symptom factors. A 3-factor solution accounted for 55.0% of the variance for the acutely concussed sample: migraine-fatigue (eg, headache and “pressure in the head”), affective (eg, sadness and more emotional), and cognitive-ocular (eg, difficulty remembering and balance problems) symptom factors. Conclusions The inclusion of unique SCAT symptom inventory items did not alter the symptom factor structure for the healthy, uninjured sample. For the acutely concussed sample, all but 1 unique SCAT symptom inventory item (neck pain) loaded onto a factor.

Download Full-text