Proposal of a Tool for Determining Sub- and Main Dimension Indicators in Assessing Internal Logistics Readiness for Industry 4.0 within a Company

Key elements of Industry 4.0 are the digitization of products and production, enterprise information systems, robotic workplaces, communication infrastructure, and of course, employees. Industry 4.0 transforms production from stand-alone automated units to fully integrated automated and continuously optimized production environments. According to the prediction of Industry 4.0, new global networks will be created based on the interconnection of production equipment into CPS systems. These systems will be the basic building block of the so-called “smart factories”, and will be able to exchange information autonomously, trigger the necessary actions in response to current conditions and mutually independent inspections. The aim of this article is to describe the issue of readiness models for the Industry 4.0 concept, which are commonly used as tools for conceptualizing and measuring the maturity of an organization or process related to a specific target state. Characteristic for the models is their use because, on this basis, it is possible to identify the current readiness for the concept of Industry 4.0 comprehensively in the whole company or in various sub-areas.

Adaptation, adjudication, and private ordering: Contractual Relations through the Williamson Lens

Williamson's legacy will be permanently, and deservedly, linked with the theory of the firm. As important, however, is his contribution to our understanding of contracting. My aim here is to describe Williamson's conception of contracting, how it differs from other approaches to contracting, and some implications of that approach for contract design and enforcement. I argue that Williamson's ‘process orientation’ – in which the main dimension along which contracts vary is the extent to which contract adjustments are effected through court ordering versus private ordering – provides alternative interpretations of some conventional contract terms but also sheds light on some otherwise puzzling contractual phenomena.

Back EMF Waveform Comparison and Analysis of Two Kinds of Electrical Machines

In this study, the back electromotive force (EMF) waveforms of a flux switching permanent magnet (FSPM) machine and variable flux memory permanent magnet (VFMPM) machine with same main dimension were researched. Firstly, the simulation result showed that the maximum amplitude of phase back EMF waveform of FSPM machine was 245% larger than that of the VFMPM machine, and this was verified by the experimental result (243%). Secondly, the phase back EMF harmonics of the FSPM machine and VFMPM machine were compared, including the enhance flux condition and weaken flux condition of VFMPM machine. At last, the mutual demagnetization effect, which led to the difference amplitudes of maximum back EMF waveform between FSPM machine and VFMPM machine was analyzed. The comparison and analysis of the back EMF waveform will provide some qualitative advice for the future application research of the FSPM machine and VFMPM machine, such as application selection, optimization control method and so on.

Roll Motion Analysis on Unmanned Surface Vehicle with Remote Controlled Weapon Station Models to Combat Piracy in Surabaya West Access Channel

The dense shipping activity in the Surabaya West Access Channel (SWAC) is accompanied by a high rate of piracy which had 13 cases during 2013–2018. An Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV) with Remote Controlled Weapon Station (RCWS) was created to overcome this piracy, increase work effectiveness, and reduce potential casualties. This study aims to create a design of USV equipped with RCWS complies with the requirements then analyzes the stability and seakeeping (roll motion) because it is one of the most determining factors of the stability and safety of the ship. The research method in this study is a simulation process based on system engineering theory starting from the formulation of requirements, design making, and then simulation. Five design models are created and simulated to analyze their stability and seakeeping performance. The design results are a monohull USV equipped with an RCWS with the main dimension of 1.7 m long, 0.9 m wide, and 1.04 m high. The stability simulations conclude that Model 4 is the most stable platform with the highest peak value of GZ for 0.112 m in angle degree of 108.2°. The seakeeping simulations show that at wave heading 45°, model 3 has the highest RAO with the peak value of 4.703 at the frequency of 0.4 rad/s. At wave heading 90°, model 5 has the highest RAO with the peak value of 0.095 at the frequency of 0.4 rad/s. At wave heading 135°, model 1 has the highest RAO of 0.012 at the frequency of 0.581 rad/s.

Pattern of local participation in tourism supply business within Kisumu County and its implication on tourism economic impact on poverty

The purpose of the study was to establish pattern of local participation in tourism supply business and its implication on local poverty reduction. The specific objective of the study included finding out the key local commodities that are important driver of tourism backward linkage with local economy of Kisumu County, establish differences in the average score profile among local suppliers and find out the main dimension along which they are separated. The study adopted across sectional and correlation design in which stratified random sampling of 106 tourism enterprises from a target population of 266 enterprises was obtained. Self – administered questionnaires were distributed to managers and collected by researcher. The first, second and third objectives were analysed using descriptive statistics, MANOVA and descriptive discriminant analysis respectively. It was found out that while poultry products, fish and vegetables were main commodities in the trade between local suppliers and tourist industry, fish, beef, and detergent were the most consumed commodities. Secondly, suppliers were different in their mean score profile by the value and quality of their supply, promptness in their delivery of supplies and in the longevity in commercial relationship with the tourist industry. Lastly, the suppliers were separated significantly along two main dimensions: The first dimension was interpreted to be efficiency and effectiveness, being represented by high value of weekly supply and high rating on promptness in making deliveries. The second dimension was experience, which was indicated by suppliers` education level and their longevity in the commercial relation with the tourist industry. The key contribution of the study is the creation of understanding of the main commodities driving tourism backward linkage with local economy and the factors which confer competitive advantage among local traders of Kisumu County in tourist industry.

The Impact of E-Service Quality On Customer Engagement, Customer Experience and Customer Loyalty in B2c E-Commerce

The purpose of this research is to examine the correlation of e-service quality, customers’ experience, customers’ engagement, and customers’ loyalty within B2C e-commerce. This paper describes a theoretical model for investigating the main dimension that influences on e-service context for loyalty: website design, fulfillment/reliability, customer service and security/privacy. Survey data were collected from 205 respondents who had made transactions through B2C e-commerce website in the last six months. The partial least squares technique was applied to test the research model. Based on the theoretical model, a comprehensive set of hypotheses were formulated and a methodology for testing them was outlined. These hypotheses were tested empirically to demonstrate the applicability of the theoretical model. The results indicate that customer experiences are influenced by e-service quality, customer engagement alongside with loyalties with B2C E-commerce. Meanwhile the other two factors, customer engagement and e-service quality were not influential to customer loyalty. This study offers a new understanding of customer loyalty in B2C e-commerce..

Children Development Issues like Social Adjustment and Regulations of Working and Housewives Mothers

The main dimension of the study was to highlight the child development issues like social adjustment and regulations of working and housewives mothers. The study was quantitative in nature, and a causal-comparative design was followed. The research study was delimited to the Punjab province of Pakistan. All the boys and girls colleges were the population of the study. Self-regulation and social adjustment scales like the Adjustment Inventory for College Students was used for the data collection. The reliability of this scale was assured at 0.84. Data were analyzed with the assistance of SPSS version 22 using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of the study showed that the children development issues like social adjustment and self-regulation are better upgraded and solved in the working women as compared to housewives women. The counselling and guidance workshops may be planned for a better understanding of social adjustment and regulations.

A Systematic Mapping of Current Literature on Sustainability at Farm-Level in Beef and Lamb Meat Production

Beef and lamb meat production is associated with important cultural, economic and environmental impacts in most countries worldwide. However, it is also related with sustainability challenges. To enable cattle and sheep farming to develop in line with sustainability, existing knowledge need to be implemented and identified knowledge gaps filled. The purpose of this article was to systematically map the scientific literature on environmental, economic and social sustainability at farm-level beef and lamb meat production to identify knowledge gaps and to point to important future actions and areas of research. Papers published January 2000–August 2020 with a geographical origin in Europe, Northern America, and Australia-New Zealand were included. The systematic literature search resulted in a total of 1355 hits; however, after removing papers which were considered out of the scope of the study, and duplicate papers, only 22 and 11 papers related to beef and sheep farming, respectively were retained for further analysis. Of these, only 11 in total included all three sustainability dimensions. Several papers only mentioned one or two of the sustainability dimensions or put them in relation to that/those main dimension covered, thus limiting the extent to which possible synergies or tradeoffs between different sustainability aspects actually can be studied. This indicates a need for a more comprehensive approach when studying farm-level sustainability. Future research would benefit from a more holistic approach and include all dimensions of sustainability within the same study. Further, focus should also be on how to measure and assess sustainability aspects in a standardized way.

Populism and Backlashes against International Courts

This chapter assesses the rise of populism as an ideological shift that can be orthogonal to the main ideological dimension of contestation. It advances two main points. First, populist leaders have incentives to contest expert-based international institutions that interpret liberal rules when these interpretations interact with preexisting populist mobilization. Moreover, populism offers an ideology to challenge the authority of these institutions. Second, populists are diverse in their positions on the main dimension of contestation, which complicates their ability to form effective multilateral reform coalitions. The chapter then applies the book's conceptual framework to the rise of populism with an empirical application to international courts.

Design and Analysis of Tubular Slotted Linear Generators for Direct Drive Wave Energy Conversion Systems

Linear generator utilization in a wave energy converter (WEC) is an attractive alternative to a rotary generator. This paper presents the design of a permanent magnet linear machine (PMLM) for WEC applications in low wave power areas. In this paper, the wave height and vertical speed of Malaysian water is used for the simulation and design. Two design variants are introduced which are tubular PMLM with no spacer (TPMLM-NS) and tubular PMLM with spacer (TPMLM-S). Finite element analysis (FEA) has been conducted to investigate the performance and to refine the main dimensions of the design in terms of split ratio, pitch ratio and tooth width. The FEA results are then validated using an analytical method which is established according to the design’s magnetic field distribution. Based on main dimension refinement, it can be deduced that both the split ratio and the pitch ratio have a significant influence on the airgap flux density and back EMF of the design. The obtained FEA results also reveal that the TPMLM-NS variant is capable of producing 240 V back EMF, 1 kW output power with satisfactory efficiency. Consequently, this indicates the capability of the design to convert wave energy with good performance. Additionally, good agreement between the analytical predictions and FEA results was obtained with a low percentage of error, thus providing concrete assurance of the accuracy of the design.