Assessment and monitoring of ecosystem health in the sea: A description of the Swedish monitoring system for coastal marine areas

Abstract. The biogeochemical dynamics of Hg, and specifically of its three species Hg0, HgII, and MeHg (elemental, inorganic, and organic, respectively) in the marine coastal area of Augusta Bay (southern Italy) have been explored by the high resolution 3D Hg (HR3DHG) model, namely an advection-diffusion-reaction model for the dissolved mercury in the seawater compartment coupled with i) a diffusion-reaction model for dissolved mercury in the pore water of sediments and ii) a sorption/de-sorption model for total mercury in the sediments. The spatio-temporal variability of dissolved and total mercury concentration both in seawater ([HgD] and [HgT]) first layers of bottom sediments ([HgsedD] and [HgsedT]), and the Hg fluxes at the boundaries of the 3D model domain have been theoretically reproduced, showing an excellent agreement with the experimental data, collected in multiple field observations during six different oceanographic cruises. The mass-balance of the different Hg species in seawater has been calculated for the Augusta Harbor, improving previous estimations. The HR3DHG model includes modules that can be implemented for specific and detailed exploration of the effects of climate change on the spatio-temporal distribution of Hg in highly contaminated coastal-marine areas.

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Legal Development of Coastal Marine Management Based on the Idea of Pancasila

Hasanuddin Law Review ◽

10.20956/halrev.v4i1.1325 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 113

Author(s):

Jantje Tjiptabudy

Keyword(s):

Natural Resources ◽

Indigenous Peoples ◽

The State ◽

Customary Law ◽

Marine Management ◽

Positive Law ◽

Coastal Marine ◽

The Republic ◽

The Government ◽

Marine Areas

In relation to the positive law, the management of marine and coastal natural resources, there is also the rule of customary law. Customary law that still lives and develops in indigenous peoples also regulates the management system and utilization of natural resources in coastal and marine areas. Recognition of the rights of indigenous peoples is constitutionally contained in the 1945 Constitution of the State of the Republic of Indonesia where the state recognizes the existence of the Customary Law Community. In Maluku, marine potency management in general is still done traditionally known as marine customary rights that have been going on for generations but not yet fully recognized either by the government or entrepreneurs who are actually important partners in the development process.

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The New Zealand law and conservation

Pacific Conservation Biology ◽

10.1071/pc950113 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 113 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Klaus Bosselmann ◽

Prue Taylor

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Sustainable Management ◽

Turning Point ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

Individual Species ◽

Coastal Marine ◽

The World ◽

Marine Areas ◽

The Right ◽

Integrate Development

New Zealand, like many countries concerned with conservation issues, is reforming its legislation to provide more comprehensive protection of biological diversity and individual species. The basic aim is simple: if you want to protect animals and plants you have to protect their habitat. The problem is, of course, that humans share the very same habitat. How then can the right balance between use and protection be found? Of the principal Acts guiding the protection and preservation of land, animals and plants (such as the 1953 Wildlife Act or the 1987 Conservation Act) the 1991 Resource Management Act (RMA) marks an important turning-point. It aims to integrate development and conservation. The RMA promotes sustainable management of natural and physical resources. Any destruction of, damage to, or disturbance of, the habitats of plants and animals on land, in coastal marine areas and in lakes and rivers is seen as unsustainable, thus to be avoided.The use of the concept of sustainability is a first in national legislation and makes the RMA a leader around the world. However, its successful enforcement is ultimately a matter of changed attitudes. Here the law can only give some guidance.

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