The New Zealand law and conservation

1995 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Bosselmann ◽  
Prue Taylor
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
The World ◽  
Marine Areas ◽  
The Right ◽  
Integrate Development

New Zealand, like many countries concerned with conservation issues, is reforming its legislation to provide more comprehensive protection of biological diversity and individual species. The basic aim is simple: if you want to protect animals and plants you have to protect their habitat. The problem is, of course, that humans share the very same habitat. How then can the right balance between use and protection be found? Of the principal Acts guiding the protection and preservation of land, animals and plants (such as the 1953 Wildlife Act or the 1987 Conservation Act) the 1991 Resource Management Act (RMA) marks an important turning-point. It aims to integrate development and conservation. The RMA promotes sustainable management of natural and physical resources. Any destruction of, damage to, or disturbance of, the habitats of plants and animals on land, in coastal marine areas and in lakes and rivers is seen as unsustainable, thus to be avoided.The use of the concept of sustainability is a first in national legislation and makes the RMA a leader around the world. However, its successful enforcement is ultimately a matter of changed attitudes. Here the law can only give some guidance.

scholarly journals Big hitting collectors make massive and disproportionate contribution to the discovery of plant species

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1736) ◽  
pp. 2269-2274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Bebber ◽  
Mark A. Carine ◽  
Gerrit Davidse ◽  
David J. Harris ◽  
Elspeth M. Haston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Fundamental Goal ◽  
The World ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
The Right ◽  
Geographical Locations

Discovering biological diversity is a fundamental goal—made urgent by the alarmingly high rate of extinction. We have compiled information from more than 100 000 type specimens to quantify the role of collectors in the discovery of plant diversity. Our results show that more than half of all type specimens were collected by less than 2 per cent of collectors. This highly skewed pattern has persisted through time. We demonstrate that a number of attributes are associated with prolific plant collectors: a long career with increasing productivity and experience in several countries and plant families. These results imply that funding a small number of expert plant collectors in the right geographical locations should be an important element in any effective strategy to find undiscovered plant species and complete the inventory of the world flora.

Biodiversity: Implementation of the 1992 CBD in Malaysia†

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 273-308
Author(s):  
Tanya Marie Lopez ◽  
Rajesvaran Nagarajan ◽  
Sobana Swarta Thevi
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
The World ◽  
State Of The Environment ◽  
Mother Earth

Of late, particularly since the inception of the Convention on Biological Diversity (“CBD”), there has been some recognition of the relevance of biological resources and the need to protect and conserve these resources for the benefit of humankind. Natural disasters which have been occurring around the world, such as the recent earthquake in Christchurch, New Zealand, the 2009 earthquake in Haiti, the floods in Pakistan and the mystery surrounding the fallen dead birds from the sky en masse in Arkansas have raised concerns on the state of the environment in which we live in today. The resultant long-term effects of such natural disasters is colossal to the inhabitants of mother Earth although those who are not directly affected by such disasters are rarely of the view that they have, in some way, contributed to the happenings of such disasters. In Europe and parts of America, winter temperatures plummeted towards the end of 2010 recording some of the lowest temperatures in history whilst in the southern hemisphere, cyclones and floods have plagued Australia thereby giving rise to prophecies that perhaps, the world may be coming to an end.

scholarly journals Impact of climate change on biodiversity of India with special reference to Himalayan region-An overview

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
A. K. Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Himalayan Region ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
The World ◽  
Marine Areas

India possesses a distinct identity, not only because of its geography, history and culture, but also because of the great diversity of its natural ecosystems. The panorama of Indian biological diversity is much wider, as it comes under the twelve mega biodiverse (Hot-spot) centers of the world. It contains a great wealth of biological diversity in its forests, its wetlands and in its marine areas which are distributed all over the country. This richness is shown in absolute numbers of species and the proportion they represent of the world total. The great Himalayan region has peculiar identity in the perspective of its unique biogeography. It supports a large number of glaciers, lakes, rivers, flora and fauna due to its variable climate. It has a profound effect on the climate of the subcontinent. But due to anthropogenic activities the global climate has changed since last few decades. The climate of the subcontinent has also adversely affected the biological resources of the country along with that of the Himalayan region. The present paper discusses the various causes responsible for melting and shrinkage of glaciers, decreasing water flow in the major rivers, increasing pressure of extinction of the ecological wealth of the country. It also talks about the control measures and various management steps which can be taken, with special reference to the Himalayan region.

E Pluribus Plures

2020 ◽  
pp. 804-832
Author(s):  
Michael Coyle
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Legal Pluralism ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Cultural Survival ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Center Stage ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right

In much of the world, colonialism has gone hand in hand with the deliberate suppression of Indigenous peoples’ values and the legal orders by which they governed themselves. In light of the marginal social conditions and threats to their future cultural survival that the imposition of colonial sovereignty has produced for Indigenous peoples, pressure has been rising in recent decades for states to recognize the right of Indigenous peoples to be governed by their own diverse laws and normative orders. To be effective, formal efforts to mediate the discourse between those norms and state laws will need to be capable of accommodating fundamental differences between Indigenous and state understandings of governance and of law. Drawing on Indigenous arguments for the revitalization of their laws as well as the insights of legal pluralism, this chapter sketches out a framework by which one might assess the adequacy of mechanisms that mediate between state and Indigenous norms. Our discussion will focus on Canada and Aotearoa/New Zealand, two countries where the issue of legal pluralism has recently taken center stage.

scholarly journals Creating Romanestan: A Place to be a Gypsy in Post-Nazi Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Sierra
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Racial Exclusion ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right ◽  
Second World ◽  
Performative Power

This article examines the political formula of Romanestan as conceived by Ionel Rotaru (1918–1982), a Romanian refugee in France after the Second World War. Romanestan is the most visible aspect of an ambitious plan demanding rights for those labelled Gypsies throughout the world. This study is of interest because it sheds new light on the problems of social and political readjustment after the Second World War from the standpoint of racial exclusion. Rotaru’s project was both the response to longstanding historical racist aggression and also a crucial turning point in the formation of Romani ethnic identity. What makes its study interesting is that the formula of the Romanestan wove the right to exist of those regarded as Gypsies into a creative transnational political project. Based on classified documents, this article highlights the political nature of processes of ethnicization and assesses the performative power of symbols.

scholarly journals The place of forestry in agriculture

1993 ◽  
pp. 183-186
Author(s):  
Andrew Pottinger
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
The World ◽  
Area 6 ◽  
World Demand ◽  
The Right ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Better Than

Many New Zealand pastoral farmers have experienced severe financial hardship due to lowerthan- adequate product prices and adverse climatic conditions in recent years. It is perhaps now appropriate to look at alternative land use for a proportion of their farm.Wood is a product which the world is desperately short of, and New Zealand can grow wood better than virtually anywhere else in the world. When we look at world demand for wood, both now and in the near future, we see that plantings are not keeping up with expected demands. The world would need an area 6 times that of New Zealand (i.e. 160 million ha) to satisfy the demand. At present, we only harvest 1.6% of the world's total harvest. In New Zealand the trend is in the right direction, with production predicted to reach 25 million cubic metres by 2015 (2.5 times present production). This will require 9.4% of the land area of New Zealand, but will produce $16 billion, more than wool, meat and dairy together. Agroforestry gives farmers the opportunity to spread their risk beyond traditional agricultural products, and also participate in this growing industry of forestry. The question should not be whether trees are planted on some of our own farm land, but who will do it. Farmers have been slow to convert, but economics will prevail. Keywords: agroforesty, economics, hill country, marginal hill country

From True Grit to “Big Damn Heroes”: Cowboys, Pirates, and Relational Ethics

2020 ◽  
pp. 153270862096829
Author(s):  
Christopher N. Poulos
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Relational Ethics ◽  
The West ◽  
The World ◽  
Wild West ◽  
The Right ◽  
Do The Right Thing

When I was a kid, cowboys ruled. Every week, my heroes—Lucas McCain, the Cartwrights, Matt Dillon, Paladin, Big John Cannon—were taming the “wild west.” These were good guys, in charge and on a mission. But in the world around us, everything was changing. 1969 was a turning point. Everything was suddenly in Technicolor, and as we gave up on the West and turned to outer space for our hero-adventures, our heroes morphed from Cowboys to Space-Pirate-Cowboys. These space-pirate-cowboys (or big damn heroes) manage to do the right thing as they improvise their (opportunistic) ethics of friendship.

The rise of crowd equity funding: where to now?

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Nehme
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Investor Protection ◽  
Online Portal ◽  
Equity Funding ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right ◽  
Medium Enterprises

AbstractCrowd equity funding is a type of crowdfunding that allows companies to obtain seed or other capital through small equity investments from a large range of investors via an online portal. This form of finance has been viewed as a way to remedy the shortfall of capital for small and medium enterprises. As a result, a number of countries such as the US, Italy and New Zealand have promoted this form of finance. Accordingly, the paper first considers the reasons behind the rise of crowd equity funding on government agendas around the world. It then focuses on the Australian setting, by highlighting the different proposals that have been put forward to introduce legislation friendlier to crowd equity funding. The aim is to view the extent to which the proposed models provide the right balance between investor protection and entrepreneurship.

scholarly journals International Legal Regulation of Ocean Pollution Prevention from land-Based Sources

2018 ◽  
pp. 149-152
Keyword(s):  
World Ocean ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Sovereign State ◽  
National Regulation ◽  
Ocean Pollution ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
The World ◽  
Marine Areas

The world ocean is an integral system, directly influencing the climate of the whole planet, the plant and the animal world, the processes of life and human activity. The result of the World Ocean space, its waters and resources intensive use is the problem of its protection against pollution. It is one of the new challenges and threats to the security of states. Nevertheless, of all natural objects, this most important component of the Earth hydrosphere is most exposed to pollution. Thus, according to expert estimates, most of the total amount of the world ocean pollution is conditioned by terrestrial sources, which are the least manageable by international law due to their location on the territory of a certain sovereign state. Coastal areas are exploited by a man very actively and bring the greatest economic benefit. And, thus, this zone is the center of the greatest anthropogenic impact on the waters and the living resources of the World Ocean. Entering the coastal marine areas located on the shores of industrialized countries, the amount of pollutants is so high that it can rightly be considered as a global environmental problem of an international character with a rapid movement and distribution, capable to predetermine the fate of the entire oceans. Therefore, it is quite natural that from the middle of the twentieth century this problem became a key issue for states, academic circles, international specialists and put them before the need to develop a mechanism for its international legal and national regulation as soon as possible.

Hydrocarbon and Metal Contents in a Sediment Core from Halifax Harbour: A Chronology of Contamination

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 2344-2354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juanita N. Gearing ◽  
Dale E. Buckley ◽  
John N. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Urban Runoff ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Hydrocarbon Combustion ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
The World ◽  
Subsurface Maximum ◽  
Marine Areas

In a dated core from the Northwest Arm of Halifax Harbour, pollutant hydrocarbon concentrations have increase 100-fold since about 1900 (15–20 cm depth). Aliphatic contaminants characteristic of sewage and urban runoff have had a steady, exponential growth overtime, while aromatic hydrocarbon combustion products are currently declining slightly from a subsurface maximum around 1950 (5–10 cm depth). Present levels of these compounds are among the highest reported in the literature. Similarly, contamination of sediments by the metals Cu, Zn, Pb, and Hg has also increased from 1890 to 1970, with maximum levels among the highest reported from other urban and industrialized coastal marine areas in the world. In contrast, the concentrations of natural product hydrocarbons such as squalene and perylene have not changed significantly in this century.

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