Effects of a Timing Signal on Simple Reaction Time with a Rectangular Distribution of Foreperiods

1973 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Requin ◽  
Marilyn Granjon ◽  
Henri Durup ◽  
Guy Reynard
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Estimation Error ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
Rectangular Distribution ◽  
Simple Rt

It was hypothesized that the time course of preparation during a variable interstimulus interval (ISI) of a simple reaction time (RT) experiment was partly determined by the subjective distribution of conditional probabilities of the executive signal (ES). Sixty subjects performed a simple auditory RT task with various ranges of six ISI durations organized in rectangular frequency distributions. In order to give the subjects information about elapsed time during ISI, a recurring time-marking click, the periodicity of which was varied, was introduced during the ISI in one of the three series of trials each subject performed. A strong decreasing RT–-ISI relationship was observed supporting the main hypothesis. However, a clear increase of mean RT over all ISIs combined, was also found. Because these two mixed effects were greatest when the click intervened at the possible times of ES occurrence only, three functions of time-information given by the click are discussed: (a) a reduction of the usual increase of time estimation error with increased ISI; (b) an increase of the subjects knowledge of the ISI range resulting from the discontinuity of the time-marking click which makes easier a discrete time-intervals numbering process; (c) a change of the simple-RT task into a discrimination task.

Response Time as a Function of Uncertainty

1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-146
Author(s):  
Robert C. Newhouse ◽  
Braynard H. Werner
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Sign Test ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
Simple Rt

The purpose of this study was to compare uncertainty among simple reaction time, compatible reaction time and disjunctive reaction time for 25 students. The results indicated variable differences in length of reaction time, i.e., simple RT < compatible RT < disjunctive RT. A sign test, performed for both mean and median scores, was significant. It was concluded that reaction time did increase as a function of uncertainty.

Effects of Response Probability on Response Force in Simple RT

1997 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Mattes ◽  
Rolf Ulrich ◽  
Jeff Miller
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Response Probability ◽  
Response Force ◽  
Response Uncertainty ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
Motor Activation ◽  
Auditory Response ◽  
Large Increment ◽  
Simple Rt

Response force (RF) was measured in a simple reaction time (RT) experiment varying response uncertainty by cuing the probability of the response on each trial. In all cases, RF decreased as response probability increased. The dependence of RF on response probability was insensitive to foreperiod length and to the use of loud auditory response signals, although the dependence of RT on response probability was sensitive to both of these manipulations. In combination with previous findings, these results provide evidence that RT and RF can be dissociated. We describe an extension of Näätanen's readiness model that can account for the effects of response probability on RF and RT. According to this model, the distance between motor activation and a threshold for action is relatively large when subjects are unprepared, and a large increment is needed to exceed this threshold, resulting in slow but foreceful responses. A possible neurophysiological implementation of this model is suggested.

Constant vs Variable Stimulus Intensity and Visual Simple Reaction Time

1981 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 615-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pekka Niemi
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Stimulus Intensity ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Preceding Trial ◽  
Variable Stimulus ◽  
Variable Intensity ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
Simple Rt ◽  
Effective Intensity

The effects of constant and variable stimulus intensity on simple RT were investigated with an effective intensity manipulation. Luminances were 40 and 90 dB re 10−10 lambert. RT was generally longer when intensity varied within a session than when it was constant. RT also was longer when a bright stimulus was presented on the preceding trial as opposed to a weak one. These effects were not found in earlier studies in which differences in luminance were small. However, the RT-difference between bright and dim stimuli was equal under the conditions of constant and variable intensity. Hence the present results replicate only in part the auditory findings of Grice and Hunter (1964) and Thrane (1961).

Foreperiod effect on time estimation and simple reaction time

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suchoon S. Mo ◽  
Edward J. George
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Simple Reaction

Simple Reaction Time as a Function of Number and Similarity of Sequenced Elements in Rapid Force Production

1997 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 307-320
Author(s):  
Masanobu Ito
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Motor Programming ◽  
Retrieval Model ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
Programming Process ◽  
Simple Rt

Two experiments were conducted to examine the effects of number and similarity of sequenced elements on simple reaction time (RT). In Exp. 1, subjects were required to initiate and execute sequences of one to three homogeneous or heterogeneous force elements by squeezing the handle as quickly and accurately as possible. Simple RTs and premotor times increased from one to two elements, with no further increases thereafter, regardless of whether the sequences were comprised of homogeneous or heterogeneous elements. The number of elements did not affect the production of interelement interval. In Exps. 1 and 2, however, simple RTs and premotor times to initiate the sequences were longer for the heterogeneous conditions than for the homogeneous conditions. These findings did not support the assumption of the 1978 subprogram retrieval model of Sternberg, Monsell, Knoll, and Wright that only the first element in the sequence is retrieved and programmed during a simple-RT interval. These findings also suggest that similarity of sequenced elements is one factor which affects the complexity of the motor-programming process.

Relation between Reaction Time and the Phase of Spontaneous and Controlled Breathing Patterns

1995 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-513
Author(s):  
Noriko Kobashi ◽  
Yoshio Sugiyama
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Phase Analysis ◽  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Breathing Patterns ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
Controlled Breathing ◽  
Simple Rt

In this study simple reaction time (simple RT) to a visual stimulus of a single subject was measured during spontaneous and controlled breathing, in which the duration of expiration was prolonged (Asian technique). The phases of breathing were classified as the pause between expiration and inspiration, the inspiration phase, the transition from inspiration to expiration, and the expiration phase. Analysis of data from about 6000 trials indicated that RT to the stimulus was shortest during the transition from inspiration to expiration in controlled breathing.

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