Smartphone Digital Image Using for Determination of DCH by a Diazotization Reaction

Background: Simple, sensitive, and economic colorimetric device based on a smartphone digital image coupled with Color Grab™ application was developed for DCH drug determination. The method is based on the diazotization reaction of benzocaine with DCH drug to get an orange azo dye. Methods: Variable parameters such as volumes of reagents, the internal walls and ambient light have been analyzed and optimized. From the optimized conditions, a calibration curve was created by the effective intensity (IG) of an orange azo dye, a correlation of determination is 0.999 and limit of detection 0.808 mg/L. Results: The results of the Smartphone method were statistically compared with the reference method using a t-test and found to be a good agreement. Conclusion: This method requires neither solvent extraction and temperature control, also it has achieved an extensive linear range and low limit of detection compared with different methods reported in the literature.

Increasing effective intensity of soft strong interactions

We suggest definition of effective interaction intensity for soft hadron collisions and discuss its energy dependence in the preasymptotic region. Practical importance of this quantity consists in separation of rising interaction radius from effective interaction intensity increase both contributing to the total cross-section growth. It would be helpful for understanding the origin of this growth at the accelerator energies. The essential feature is that the effective interaction intensity is an experimentally measurable quantity.

Movement velocity contributions to resistance training: a narrative review

Introduction: Aiming a more effective intensity control in resistance training (RT), the measurement of movement velocity (MV) has gained attention from the scientific community and strength and conditioning professionals. Objectives: First, to analyze from a critical point of view the indicators that serve as a reference for the expression and control of intensity in the RT. These indicators created from the world of bodybuilding have been used for decades, without any relevant modification, to improve the physical performance of athletes from different sports. The second objective was to describe a rational and precise proposal for the best determination and control of intensity in the RT. Methods: Systematic review articles with and without meta-analysis and clinical trials on the measurement of MV in RT were selected. Conclusion: Monitoring MV allows more precise control of the RT intensity.Keywords: exercise, velocity measurement, muscle strength.

Noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation has a greater ameliorating effect on posture in unstable subjects: a feasibility study

Ameliorating effect of noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation (nGVS) on posture varies among subjects. In this feasibility study, we investigated the association between original postural instability and the ameliorating effect of nGVS on posture. Data were collected in a previously published study. Thirty healthy elderly were recruited. Two nGVS sessions (30 min or 3 h) were performed in a randomised order. The optimal intensity of nGVS, the most effective intensity for improving posture, was determined before each session. Posture was measured for 30 s during and after nGVS in the eyes-closed/foam rubber condition. The velocity, envelopment area, and root mean square of the centre of pressure movement without nGVS were significantly larger in the group with an optimal intensity than those in the group without an optimal intensity. There was a significant positive correlation between these values and the long-term ameliorating effects. The ratio of the values in the eyes-closed/foam rubber condition to those in the eyes-open condition was significantly larger in the group with an optimal intensity, and had a significant correlation with the long-term ameliorating effects. The ameliorating effects are greater in subjects who were originally unstable and in those whose postural stability was relatively independent of vestibular input.

Finite cell-size effects on protein variability in Turing patterned tissues

Herein we present a framework to characterize different sources of protein expression variability in Turing patterned tissues. In this context, we introduce the concept of granular noise to account for the unavoidable fluctuations due to finite cell-size effects and show that the nearest-neighbours autocorrelation function provides the means to measure it. To test our findings, we perform in silico experiments of growing tissues driven by a generic activator–inhibitor dynamics. Our results show that the relative importance of different sources of noise depends on the ratio between the characteristic size of cells and that of the pattern domains and on the ratio between the pattern amplitude and the effective intensity of the biochemical fluctuations. Importantly, our framework provides the tools to measure and distinguish different stochastic contributions during patterning: granularity versus biochemical noise. In addition, our analysis identifies the protein species that buffer the stochasticity the best and, consequently, it can help to determine key instructive signals in systems driven by a Turing instability. Altogether, we expect our study to be relevant in developmental processes leading to the formation of periodic patterns in tissues.