Guatemala, the Peace Accords and education: a post‐conflict struggle for equal opportunities, cultural recognition and participation in education

RESUMENColombia discute a 2016 Acuerdos de Paz con las insurgencias (FARC y ELN), que darían culminación a más de cinco décadas de conflicto social y armado, el cual inició con un país mayoritariamente rural y que hoy es urbano. Sin embargo, las negociaciones no contemplan la ciudad, desconociendo las dinámicas y conflictos presentes en esta. Esta situación nos remite a pensar cómo en un contexto de postconflicto, las ciudades resolverán los conflictos socio-espaciales y darán atención a las demandas que han marcado los procesos de resistencia urbana y territorial, así como se podrá garantizar la justicia espacial y la materialización del derecho a la ciudad. Este artículo plantea algunas de estas tensiones.Palabras Clave: ciudad, postconflicto, Colombia RESUMOColômbia discute em 2016 Acordos de Paz com as guerrilhas (FARC e ELN), que seriam resultado de mais de cinco décadas de conflito social e armado, que começou com um país predominantemente rural e que hoje é urbano. No entanto, as negociações não incluem a cidade, ignorando as dinâmicas e os conflitos ali presentes. Esta situação leva-nos a pensar como num contexto de pós-conflito cidades resolver os conflitos sócio-espaciais e dar atenção às demandas que marcaram os processos de resistência urbana e territorial e ser garantida a justiça espacial e a realização de direito à cidade. Este artigo discute algumas dessas tensões.Palavras-chave: cidade, pós-conflito, Colômbia ABSTRACTColombia discussed 2016 Peace Accords with insurgencies (FARC and ELN), which would culmination of more than five decades of social and armed conflict, which began with a predominantly rural country and today is urban. However, the negotiations do not include the city, ignoring the dynamics and conflicts present in this. This situation leads us to think how in a context of post-conflict cities solve the socio-spatial conflicts and give attention to the demands that have marked the processes of urban and territorial resistance and be guaranteed spatial justice and the realization of right to the city. This article discusses some of these tensions.Keywords: city, post-conflict, Colombia

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Perception of effective access to health services in Territorial Spaces for Training and Reintegration, one year after the peace accords in Colombia: a cross-sectional study

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.21375.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 2140

Author(s):

Julián Alfredo Fernández-Niño ◽

Lud Magdy Chaparro ◽

Ana Beatriz Vásquez-Rodríguez ◽

Maylen Liseth Rojas-Botero ◽

Ginna Esmeralda Hernández-Neuta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Services ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Access To Health Services ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Post Conflict ◽

Access To Health ◽

Peace Accords ◽

One Year

Backgrounds: The signing of the peace accords in Colombia created challenges that are inherent to post-conflict transitions. One of those is the process of reintegrating ex-combatants into society, in which ensuring their rights to health is a particularly significant challenge in rural areas affected by armed conflict. These areas, known as Territorial Spaces for Training and Reintegration (ETCR, in Spanish), are geographically dispersed throughout 24 municipalities and 13 departments in Colombia. This study aimed to describe how ex-combatants in ETCR regions perceived access to health services one year after the signing of the peace accords. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed between September and October 2018. It included 591 adults and their families, from 23 ETCRs. The study was designed, culturally validated, and piloted. Interviewers were trained and a structured survey was administered containing five dimensions that characterized the perception of effective access to health services. Results: The majority of interviewees were women, heads of household, young adults, ex-combatants, and residents in an ETCR. In total of 96.4% were enrolled in Colombia’s subsidized health system, and 20.8% indicated that a member of their household required emergency health services. The regional health center provided the majority of the services. Most of those surveyed (96.0%) reported that they did not have to pay for the services, and that they received respectful (91.6%) and good quality (66.6%) care. There were few referrals to disease prevention and health promotion activities, and only 19.0% of households reported having been visited by extramural health care teams, whose activities were highly valued (80%). Lastly, there was little knowledge about community health activities. Conclusions: While residents of ETCR regions have a favorable perception of their access to health services, they need to be made aware of extramural and public health activities.

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Perception of effective access to health services in Territorial Spaces for Training and Reincorporation, one year after the peace accords in Colombia: a cross-sectional study

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.21375.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 2140

Author(s):

Julián Alfredo Fernández-Niño ◽

Lud Magdy Chavarro ◽

Ana Beatriz Vásquez-Rodríguez ◽

Maylen Liseth Rojas-Botero ◽

Ginna Esmeralda Hernández-Neuta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Services ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Access To Health Services ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Post Conflict ◽

Access To Health ◽

Peace Accords ◽

One Year

Backgrounds: The signing of the peace accords in Colombia created challenges that are inherent to post-conflict transitions. One of those is the process of reintegrating ex-combatants into society, in which ensuring their rights to health is a particularly significant challenge in rural areas affected by armed conflict. These areas, known as Territorial Spaces for Training and ReintegrationReincorporation (ETCR, in Spanish), are geographically dispersed throughout 24 municipalities and 13 departments in Colombia. This study aimed to describe how ex-combatants in ETCR regions perceived access to health services one year after the signing of the peace accords. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed between September and October 2018. It included 591 adults and their families, from 23 ETCRs. The study was designed, culturally validated, and piloted. Interviewers were trained and a structured survey was administered containing five dimensions that characterized the perception of effective access to health services. Results: The majority of interviewees were women, heads of household, young adults, ex-combatants, and residents in an ETCR. In total of 96.4% were enrolled in Colombia’s subsidized health system, and 20.8% indicated that a member of their household required emergency health services. The regional health center provided the majority of the services. Most of those surveyed (96.0%) reported that they did not have to pay for the services, and that they received respectful (91.6%) and good quality (66.6%) care. There were few referrals to disease prevention and health promotion activities, and only 19.0% of households reported having been visited by extramural health care teams, whose activities were highly valued (80%). Lastly, there was little knowledge about community health activities. Conclusions: While residents of ETCR regions have a favorable perception of their access to health services, they need to be made aware of extramural and public health activities.

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