EFFECTS OF COBALT SULFATE ON PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT OF MICE, RATS, AND RABBITS, AND ON EARLY POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT OF RATS

2001 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 367-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Szakmáry ◽  
György Ungváry ◽  
Aranka Hudák ◽  
Erzsébet Tátrai ◽  
Miklós Náray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Prenatal Development ◽  
Cobalt Sulfate ◽  
Early Postnatal Development

scholarly journals Ghrelin endocrine cells in the human stomach during prenatal and early postnatal development

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivera Mitrovic ◽  
Mileva Micic ◽  
Vera Todorovic ◽  
G. Radenkovic ◽  
Sanja Vignjevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Prenatal Development ◽  
Human Stomach ◽  
Early Postnatal Development ◽  
Early Stages

The aim of this study was to investigate the appearance, localization and density of ghrelin cells in the human stomach during prenatal development. For this purpose the antrum and corpus of embryos, fetuses and infants are stained immunohistochemically by the streptavidin-biotin technique. The presence of P/D1 cells at 11 weeks of fetal development, their highest density during the first detection and higher density in the corpus than in antrum, and their localization in the glandular base of stomach gland, all suggest that ghrelin plays a major role in the early stages of the developing stomach.

scholarly journals Impact of repeated co-treatment with escitalopram and aripiprazole on the schizophrenia-like behaviors and BDNF mRNA expression in the adult Sprague–Dawley rats exposed to glutathione deficit during early postnatal development of the brain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta A. Lech ◽  
Kinga Kamińska ◽  
Monika Leśkiewicz ◽  
Elżbieta Lorenc-Koci ◽  
Zofia Rogóż
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Repeated Treatment ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Bdnf Mrna ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Behavioral Deficits ◽  
Glutathione Synthesis ◽  
Early Postnatal Development

Abstract Background Preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that impaired endogenous synthesis of glutathione during early postnatal development plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Moreover, some studies have suggested that antidepressants are able to increase the activity of atypical antipsychotics which may efficiently improve the treatment of negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. Methods In the present study, we investigated the influence of repeated co-treatment with escitalopram and aripiprazole on the schizophrenia-like behavior and BDNF mRNA expression in adult rats exposed to glutathione deficit during early postnatal development. Male pups between the postnatal days p5–p16 were treated with the inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, BSO (L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine) and the dopamine uptake inhibitor, GBR 12,909 alone or in combination. Escitalopram and aripiprazole were given repeatedly for 21 days before the tests. On p90–92 rats were evaluated in the behavioral and biochemical tests. Results BSO given alone and together with GBR 12,909 induced deficits in the studied behavioral tests and decreased the expression of BDNF mRNA. Repeated aripiprazole administration at a higher dose reversed these behavioral deficits. Co-treatment with aripiprazole and an ineffective dose of escitalopram also abolished the behavioral deficits in the studied tests. Conclusion The obtained data indicated that the inhibition of glutathione synthesis in early postnatal development induced long-term deficits corresponding to schizophrenia-like behavior and decreased the BDNF mRNA expression in adult rats, and these behavioral deficits were reversed by repeated treatment with a higher dose of aripiprazole and also by co-treatment with aripiprazole and ineffective dose of escitalopram.

scholarly journals Glutathione Deficiency during Early Postnatal Development Causes Schizophrenia-Like Symptoms and a Reduction in BDNF Levels in the Cortex and Hippocampus of Adult Sprague–Dawley Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6171
Author(s):  
Marta Anna Lech ◽  
Monika Leśkiewicz ◽  
Kinga Kamińska ◽  
Zofia Rogóż ◽  
Elżbieta Lorenc-Koci
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Gbr 12909 ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Bdnf Mrna ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Early Postnatal Development ◽  
Middle Adolescence

Growing body of evidence points to dysregulation of redox status in the brain as an important factor in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of l-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), a glutathione (GSH) synthesis inhibitor, and 1-[2-Bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine dihydrochloride (GBR 12909), a dopamine reuptake inhibitor, given alone or in combination, to Sprague–Dawley pups during early postnatal development (p5–p16), on the time course of the onset of schizophrenia-like behaviors, and on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA and its protein in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HIP) during adulthood. BSO administered alone decreased the levels of BDNF mRNA and its protein both in the PFC and HIP. Treatment with the combination of BSO + GBR 12909 also decreased BDNF mRNA and its protein in the PFC, but in the HIP, only the level of BDNF protein was decreased. Schizophrenia-like behaviors in rats were assessed at three time points of adolescence (p30, p42–p44, p60–p62) and in early adulthood (p90–p92) using the social interaction test, novel object recognition test, and open field test. Social and cognitive deficits first appeared in the middle adolescence stage and continued to occur into adulthood, both in rats treated with BSO alone or with the BSO + GBR 12909 combination. Behavior corresponding to positive symptoms in humans occurred in the middle adolescence period, only in rats treated with BSO + GBR 12909. Only in the latter group, amphetamine exacerbated the existing positive symptoms in adulthood. Our data show that rats receiving the BSO + GBR 12909 combination in the early postnatal life reproduced virtually all symptoms observed in patients with schizophrenia and, therefore, can be considered a valuable neurodevelopmental model of this disease.

Early postnatal development of the mandibular permanent first molar in infants with isolated cleft palate

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
NUNO V. HERMANN ◽  
MOSTAFA ZARGHAM ◽  
TRON A. DARVANN ◽  
IB J. CHRISTENSEN ◽  
SVEN KREIBORG
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Early Postnatal Development ◽  
Isolated Cleft Palate

scholarly journals Localization of CGRP and VEGF mRNAs in the mouse superior cervical ganglion during pre- and postnatal development

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyuki Mitsuoka ◽  
Yoko Miwa ◽  
Takeshi Kikutani ◽  
Iwao Sato
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Superior Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Prenatal Development ◽  
Antisense Probe ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

The neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) mediates inflammation and head pain by influencing the functional vascular blood supply. CGRP is a well-characterized mediator of receptor-regulated neurotransmitter release. However, knowledge regarding the role of CGRP during the development of the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) is limited. In the present study, we observed the localization of CGRP and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) mRNAs during prenatal development at embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5), E17.5 and postnatal day 1 (P1) using in situ hybridization. The antisense probe for CGRP was detected by in situ hybridization at E14.5, E17.5, and P1, and the highest levels were detected at E17.5. In contrast, the antisense probe for VEGF-A was detected by in situ hybridization in gradually increasing intensity from E14.5 to P1. The differences in the expression of these two markers revealed specific characteristics related to CGRP concentration and release compared to those of VEGF-A during development. The correlation between CGRP and VEGF-A may influence functional stress and the vascular blood supply during prenatal and postnatal development.

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