Performance Evaluation of Watershed Environment Governance—A Case Study of Taihu Basin

The rapid development of urbanization and industrialization brings a series of problems of environment governance, and several basins are facing huge pressure. This paper selects the Taihu basin in the Yangtze River Delta of China as the study area, establishes the DPSIR model to measure the water environment governance performance of the region (), analyzes the causes of changes in the five subsystems (the governance performance of the subsystems is recorded as ), and uses the diagnostic model to identify the barrier factors that restrict the improvement of in the last 5 years. The results show that during the study period， of the driving force subsystem generally tends to increase and maintains a steady growth, which is closely linked to economic growth in the basin; of the pressure subsystem increases with a small fluctuation, and the pollution generation still needs attention; in the state subsystem, shows a large fluctuation, and varies significantly in a cyclical manner, corresponding to the short maintenance time and repeated treatment of pollution in the watershed; of the impact subsystem shows an overall upward but a slightly slower trend, and it is related to the fact that the industrial structure of the basin still needs to be improved; and of the response subsystem shows an overall upward trend and a slightly larger increase, and the multi-actor collaborative management has helped a lot. The main barrier factors include key cross-sections’ water quality compliance rate, the water quality compliance rate of key water function areas, water consumption per 10,000 yuan of industrial added value, and the lake trophic status index. Based on the results of the study, the article gives recommendations for watershed governance, such as controlling pollution generation, optimising industrial structure, using technological tools to help governance, sharing the cost of governance among multiple parties and strengthening supervision The findings help to make scientific environmental protection planning and policies of the study region. The research can also provide experience for other countries and regions in watershed governance.

Antioxidant activity of winter wheat when treated with the biopreparation Nigor++

The influence of stress factors on the plant can lead to deterioration of plant functioning and loss of yield. The use of biological preparations based on plant cell elicitors in the technology of grain cultivation makes it possible to regulate the antioxidant activity of plants under abiotic stress. Treatment with the biopreparation Nigor++ in the tillering phase leads to noticeable changes in the balance of antioxidant substances in winter wheat plants Moskovskaya 39. Repeated treatment of Nigor++ after 16 days in the earing phase reduces AOA by 21.8, and by the flowering phase leads to a drop in this indicator by 51% relative to the tillering phase and by 59% relative to control plants. The use of Nigor++ increases the immune status of plants, reduces the concentration of antioxidant substances or reduces their activity due to the formation of stable complexes with magnesium ions included in BP, as well as binding them to highly active free radicals that occur during autoxidation, converting them to low-activity. Keywords: ANTIOXIDANTS, BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS, WINTER WHEAT, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES, ELICITORS, BIOFLAVONOIDS

Complicated Long Term Vaccine Induced Thrombotic Immune Thrombocytopenia—A Case Report

Background and Objectives: Vaccine induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) may occur after COVID-19 vaccination with recombinant adenoviral vector-based vaccines. VITT can present as cerebral sinus and venous thrombosis (CSVT), often complicated by intracranial hemorrhage. Today it is unclear, how long symptomatic VITT can persist. Here, we report the complicated long-term course of a VITT patient with extremely high titers of pathogenic anti-platelet factor 4 (PF4)-IgG antibodies. Methods: Clinical and laboratory findings are presented, including the course of platelet counts, D-Dimer levels, clinical presentation, imaging, SARS-CoV-2-serological and immunological, platelet activating anti-PF4-IgG, as well as autopsy findings. Results: The patient presented with extended superior sagittal sinus thrombosis with accompanying bifrontal intracerebral hemorrhage. Repeated treatment with intravenous immune globuline (IVIG) resolved recurrent episodes of thrombocytopenia. Moreover, the patient’s serum remained strongly positive for platelet-activating anti-PF4-IgG over three months. After a period of clinical stabilization, the patient suffered a recurrent and fatal intracranial hemorrhage. Conclusions: Complicated VITT with extremely high anti-PF4-IgG titers over three months can induce recurrent thrombocytopenia despite treatment with IVIG and anticoagulation. Plasma exchange, immunoadsorption, and /or immunosuppressive treatment may be considered in complicated VITT to reduce extraordinarily high levels of anti-PF4-IgG. Long-term therapy in such cases must take the individual bleeding risk and CSVT risk into account.

Evaluating the Death and Recovery of Lateral Line Hair Cells Following Repeated Neomycin Treatments

Acute chemical ablation of lateral line hair cells is an important tool to understand lateral line-mediated behaviors in free-swimming fish larvae and adults. However, lateral line-mediated behaviors have not been described in fish larvae prior to swim bladder inflation, possibly because single doses of ototoxin do not effectively silence lateral line function at early developmental stages. To determine whether ototoxins can disrupt lateral line hair cells during early development, we repeatedly exposed zebrafish larvae to the ototoxin neomycin during a 36 h period from 3 to 4 days post-fertilization (dpf). We use simultaneous transgenic and vital dye labeling of hair cells to compare 6-h and 12-h repeated treatment timelines and neomycin concentrations between 0 and 400 µM in terms of larval survival, hair cell death, regeneration, and functional recovery. Following exposure to neomycin, we find that the emergence of newly functional hair cells outpaces cellular regeneration, likely due to the maturation of ototoxin-resistant hair cells that survive treatment. Furthermore, hair cells of 4 dpf larvae exhibit faster recovery compared to 3 dpf larvae. Our data suggest that the rapid functional maturation of ototoxin-resistant hair cells limits the effectiveness of chemical-based methods to disrupt lateral line function. Furthermore, we show that repeated neomycin treatments can continually ablate functional lateral line hair cells between 3 and 4 dpf in larval zebrafish.

Abstract 1122‐000055: Parenchymal and Subarachnoid Angiogenesis in Patients with Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformation

Introduction : Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformation (VGAM) is an arteriovenous malformation that accounts for 30% of all pediatric vascular malformations. VGAMs undergo significant remodeling of hemodynamic and structural anatomy due to angiogenesis. These changes not only affect the malformation on a molecular and morphological basis, but may also lead to alterations in planned surgical procedures. It is imperative to better understand the dynamic, angiogenic environment of the cerebrovasculature in order to more effectively treat this disease. Methods : We present 36 cases of secondary angiogenesis in VGAM. We also present three case reports of angiogenesis secondary to VGAM. Results : Pre‐interventional angiogenesis was identified in 16 patients (44.4%) and post‐interventional angiogenesis in 20 patients (55.6%) following a stage of embolization therapy. The cohort of patients with pre‐interventional secondary angiogenesis was significantly older than patients with post‐interventional angiogenesis at initial angiogram (12 months ± 40.1 months vs. 4.0 months ± 5.4 months; p<0.05). Choroidal VGAMs presented with angiogenesis more frequently than Mural VGAMs (4/14 Mural vs 32/42 Choroidal; p<0.01). Angiogenesis was localized to either the left, right, or bilateral thalamus in 2 cases, to the cisternal space surrounding the VOG in 16 cases, and both in 18 cases. Conclusions : Upon identification of secondary angiogenesis, our team’s strategy is to embolize the venous component of the fistula. The ideal strategy in our practice is cannulation of the primary feeder of the malformation, as close to the fistula as possible, and injection of highly concentrated n‐BCA glue (70%‐90%) in a transarterial approach. After multiple rounds of embolization, feeders become less dilated and may be difficult to distinguish from angiogenesis. In this pattern, we use low‐concentrate nBCA (40%‐50%) from an identifiable, proximal feeder and occlude the venous component of the fistula. We identified two patterns of secondary angiogenesis: 1) pre‐interventional angiogenesis identified at the initial diagnostic angiogram, 2) de‐novo, post‐interventional angiogenesis during the staged‐embolization treatment‐course. Occasionally, we noted random bursts of angiogenesis. A combination of the hypoxic environment, inflammation, and hemodynamic alterations to the VGAM caused by liquid embolic/coiling may lead to a burst of angiogenesis that subsides after repeated treatment. We hypothesize that the immature sinuses typically associated with VGAM patients, which experience a decrease in blood flow and subsequently narrow after embolization, may contribute to turbulent blood flow. Development of parenchymal and subarachnoid angiogenesis is common during the multi‐session treatment of VGAM. It represents the response to the angiogenic stimuli released from the draining vein. This angiogenesis can be observed to regress spontaneously or mature as we continue to treat the VGAM. It is unnecessary to embolize secondary angiogenesis outright and it is our recommendation to chiefly target primary feeders of the VGAM as close to the venous component as possible.

Case Report: “Niemann-Pick Disease Type C in a Catatonic Patient Treated With Electroconvulsive Therapy”

We describe a case of an adolescent male with Niemann-Pick Type C (NP-C), a neurodegenerative lysosomal lipid storage disorder, who presented with recurrent catatonia which required repeated treatment with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). During the ECT-course, seizure threshold increased substantially, leading to questions about the influence of NP-C on neuronal excitability. In this exemplary ECT-patient, NP-C was diagnosed not until after the first ECT-course when initial psychopharmacology for catatonia had failed and antipsychotics and benzodiazepines showed significant side-effects. Clinicians should be aware of NP-C in patients referred for ECT, especially in the case of treatment resistance, neurological symptoms and intolerance of psychopharmacological drugs. As was shown in our NP-C patient, ECT can be repeatedly effective for catatonic features. In the literature, effectiveness of ECT in patients with NP-C has sparsely been reported. This case demonstrates that detection of NP-C is beneficial for patients because more optimal treatment with ECT can be provided earlier without further exposure to side-effects.

Evaluating the Death and Recovery of Lateral Line Hair Cells Following Repeated Neomycin Treatments

Acute chemical ablation of lateral line hair cells is an important tool to understand lateral line-mediated behaviors in free-swimming fish larvae and adults. However, lateral line-mediated behaviors have not been described in fish larvae prior to swim bladder inflation, possibly because single doses of ototoxin do not effectively silence lateral line function at early developmental stages. To determine if ototoxins can effectively silence the lateral line during early development, we repeatedly expose zebrafish larvae to the ototoxin neomycin during a 36-hour period from 3-4 days post-fertilization (dpf). We use simultaneous transgenic and vital dye labeling of hair cells to compare 6- hour and 12-hour repeated treatment timelines and neomycin concentrations between 0&ndash;400 &micro;M in terms of larval survival, hair cell death, regeneration, and functional recovery. Following exposure to neomycin, we find that the emergence of newly functional hair cells outpaces cellular regeneration, likely due to the maturation of ototoxin-resistant hair cells that survive treatment. Furthermore, hair cells of 4 dpf larvae exhibit faster recovery compared to 3 dpf larvae. Our data suggest that the rapid functional maturation of ototoxin-resistant hair cells limits the effectiveness of chemical-based methods to disrupt lateral line function. Furthermore, we show that repeated neomycin treatments can continually ablate lateral line hair cells between 3&ndash;4 dpf in larval zebrafish.

Certain Soil Surfactants Could Become a Source of Soil Water Repellency after Repeated Application

Repeated application of soil surfactants, or wetting agents, is a common practice for alleviating soil water repellency associated with soil organic coatings. However, wetting agents are organic compounds that may also coat soil particle surfaces and reduce wettability. For this experiment, hydrophobic sands from the field and fresh, wettable sands were collected and treated with either a polyoxyalkylene polymer (PoAP) or alkyl block polymer (ABP) wetting agent, or water only treatments served as a control. Following repeated treatment application and sequential washings, dissolved and particulate organic carbon (OC) were detected in the leachates of both sand systems. The total amount of OC recovered in leachates was 88% or less than the OC introduced by the wetting agents, indicating sorption of wetting agent monomers to soil particle surfaces regardless of soil hydrophobicity status. While ABP treatment did not alter solid phase organic carbon (SOC) in the sands studied, PoAP application increased SOC by 16% and 45% which was visible in scanning electronic microscopy images, for hydrophobic and wettable sands, respectively. PoAP application also increased the hydrophobicity of both sands that were studied. In contrast, ABP treatment increased the wettability of hydrophobic sand. Our results provide strong evidence that certain wetting agents may increase soil hydrophobicity and exacerbate wettability challenges if used repeatedly over time.